Adaptive Modulation Technique for Broadband Communication in Indoor Optical-Wireless Systems

Optical wireless (OW) is an attractive and viable technology for high-speed shortrange (indoor) communication, with a good prospect of taking part in the wider fourth generation (4G) vision. This thesis investigates and assesses the potentials of the adaptive modulation technique in an OW orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) based system for a typical indoor wireless local area network (WLAN) scenario. Even though the regarded technique is known from digital subscriber line (DSL) systems and is well researched for radio systems, specific properties of the optical wireless channel call for a separate evaluation of its performance in OW links. The adopted channel model reveals presence of large dynamics in channel bandwidth and magnitude, which indicates that it is difficult to maintain the signal-tonoise ratio sufficient for high bit rates under all channel conditions using reasonable transmitter power levels. An adaptive OFDM system, which is designed to dynamically adjust the transmission rate to the current channel state, by varying the order of modulation and power of the individual subcarriers is, therefore, an attractive solution to efficiently exploit the channel capacity, while maintaining a reliable link. Deployment of adaptive OFDM in an OW system brings about various additional benefits. System complexity is relocated from optical front-ends to electrical signal processing. In this way, large spatial coverage can be provided even with very simple and inexpensive transceivers, without the need for pointing and tracking mechanisms. Within a cell, user mobility is supported and the transmission link is made robust to shadowing, while reliable connectivity is maintained thanks to dynamic rate adaptation. The possibility of complete digitalization makes signal processing very efficient, so that it can be implemented on a logic device and integrated on a microchip. OFDM inherently deals with inter-symbol-interference (major degradation factor of the high-speed OW links) and allows for the simplest linear equalization at the receiver. In this thesis, questions related to the system capacity, as the theoretical limit for rate performance, as well as achievable rates in practical systems, are in focus. The deployment of loading algorithms which apply different orders of square quadrature-amplitude-modulation formats while complying with a certain error rate, is investigated. As a method to improve the system power-efficiency and further enhance the transmission rate on account of an acceptable increase in error rate, the influence of controlled clipping on system performance is examined. Main issues regarding the opto-electrical front-ends for the considered communication scenario are discussed, in order to arrive at a simple design, which at the same time allows broadband transmission with sufficient link budget.

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