Air Traffic Security: Aircraft Classification Using ADS-B Message’s Phase-Pattern

Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) is a surveillance system used in Air Traffic Control. With this system, the aircraft transmits their own information (identity, position, velocity, etc.) to any equipped listener for surveillance scope. The ADS-B is based on a very simple protocol and does not provide any kind of authentication and encryption, making it vulnerable to many types of cyber-attacks. In the paper, the use of the airplane/transmitter carrier phase is proposed as a feature to perform a classification of the aircraft and, therefore, distinguish legitimate messages from fake ones. The feature extraction process is described and a classification method is selected. Finally, a complete intruder detection algorithm is proposed and evaluated with real data.

[1]  N. Serinken,et al.  Characteristics of radio transmitter fingerprints , 2001 .

[2]  Gaspare Galati,et al.  ADS-B vulnerability to low cost jammers: Risk assessment and possible solutions , 2014, 2014 Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications - Enhanced Surveillance of Aircraft and Vehicles (TIWDC/ESAV).

[3]  G. Galati,et al.  Wide area surveillance using SSR mode S multilateration: advantages and limitations , 2005, European Radar Conference, 2005. EURAD 2005..

[4]  Seung-Jun Yu,et al.  Wireless Communication , 1916, Nature.

[5]  Michel Barbeau,et al.  DETECTION OF TRANSIENT IN RADIO FREQUENCY FINGERPRINTING USING SIGNAL PHASE , 2003 .

[6]  Prasant Mohapatra,et al.  Non-cryptographic authentication and identification in wireless networks [Security and Privacy in Emerging Wireless Networks] , 2010, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[7]  Srdjan Capkun,et al.  Investigation of multi-device location spoofing attacks on air traffic control and possible countermeasures , 2016, MobiCom.

[8]  Gaspare Galati,et al.  The transponder data recorder: Implementation and first results , 2014, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine.

[9]  Martin Strohmeier.  Large-Scale Analysis of Aircraft Transponder Data , 2017, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine.

[10]  Robert F. Mills,et al.  Security analysis of the ADS-B implementation in the next generation air transportation system , 2011, Int. J. Crit. Infrastructure Prot..

[11]  Martin Strohmeier,et al.  Security in next generation air traffic communication networks , 2016 .

[12]  Krishna Sampigethaya,et al.  Visualization & assessment of ADS-B security for green ATM , 2010, 29th Digital Avionics Systems Conference.

[13]  T. Kohno,et al.  Remote physical device fingerprinting , 2005, 2005 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P'05).

[14]  G. Galati,et al.  Multiple faults integrity algorithm for mode S Multilateration Systems , 2008, 2008 Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications - Enhanced Surveillance of Aircraft and Vehicles.

[15]  Martin Fodslette Meiller.  A Scaled Conjugate Gradient Algorithm for Fast Supervised Learning , 1993 .

[16]  Michael C. Stevens,et al.  Secondary Surveillance Radar , 1988 .

[17]  Ivan Martinovic,et al.  On the Security of the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast Protocol , 2013, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[18]  Gaspare Galati,et al.  Localization algorithms for multilateration (MLAT) systems in airport surface surveillance , 2015, Signal Image Video Process..