Dyeing of Cotton and Wool Fabric Using Mirabilis Jalapa Flower
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Textiles, namely protein fibers, in continental part of central Europe have been traditionally dyed by natural dyes. Textile materials (natural and synthetic) used to be coloured for value addition, look and desire of the customers. Anciently, this purpose of coloring textile was initiated using colors of natural source, until synthetic colors/dyes were invented and commercialized. Hence, worldwide, growing consciousness about organic value of eco-friendly products as generated renewed interest of consumers towards use of textiles dyed with eco-friendly natural dyes. Natural dyes are known for their use in coloring of food substrate, leather as well as natural fibres like wool, silk and cotton as major areas of application since pre-historic times. A study was under taken to find out the effect of selected Mirabilis Jalapa Flower on cotton and wool fabric with different mordants Depth of shade and evenness of dye was also evaluated. Dyeing is an ancient art which predates written records. It was practiced during the Bronze age in Europe. Primitive dyeing techniques included sticking plants to fabric or rubbing crushed pigments into cloth. The methods became more sophisticated with time and techniques using natural dyes from crushed fruits, berries and other plants, which were boiled into the fabric and gave light and water fastness (resistance), were developed. Natural dyes can be used on most types of material or fibre but the level of success in terms of fastness and clarity of colour varies considerably. Users of natural dyes, however, tend to also use natural fibres, and so we will look in more detail at this group. Natural fibres come mainly from two distinct origins, animal origin or vegetable origin. Fibres from an animal origin include wool, silk, mohair and alpaca, as well as some others which are less known. All animal fibres are based on proteins. Natural dyes have a strong affinity to fibres of animal origin, especially wool, silk and mohair and the results with these fibres are usually good. Fibres of plant origin include cotton, flax or linen, ramie, jute, hemp and many others. Plant fibres have cellulose as their basic ingredient. Natural dyeing of certain plant based textiles can be less successful than their animal equivalent. Different mordanting techniques are called for with each category. When a blend of fibre of both animal and plant origin is being dyed, then a recipe should be chosen which will accentuate the fibre which is required to be dominant. Mirabilis Jalapa (The four o'clock flower or marvel of Peru) is the most commonly grown ornamental species of Mirabilis, and is available in a range of colors. Mirabilis in Latin means wonderful and Jalapa is a town in Mexico.
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