Multifactorial Tendon Tissue Engineering Strategies

The tendon is a simple yet highly specialized tissue within the body, the function of which as a transmitter and dampener of forces between muscle and bone, is highly dependent upon its structure. Once this structure is damaged it will never be the same again, predisposing to more injury, and ultimately causing significant morbidity. Tissue engineering strategies can help to address this. Through the combination of cells, scaffolds, and mechanical stimulation, neotendon tissue can be created in vitro and used to help restore function in vivo. This chapter analyzes each of these in turn and then focuses on the approaches used for the flexor, Achilles, rotator cuff, and patellar tendons, and the creation of custom bioreactors to aid tendon development is also reviewed.

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