All work and no play: Measuring fun, usability, and learning in software for children

This paper describes an empirical study of fun, usability, and learning in educational software. Twenty five children aged 7 and 8 from an English primary school participated. The study involved three software products that were designed to prepare children for government initiated science tests. Pre and post tests were used to measure the learning effect, and observations and survey methods were used to assess usability and fun. The findings from the study demonstrate that in this instance learning was not correlated with fun or usability, that observed fun and observed usability were correlated, and that children of this age appeared to be able to differentiate between the constructs used to describe software quality. The Fun Sorter appears to be an effective tool for evaluating products with children. The authors discuss the implications of the results, offer some thoughts on designing experiments with children, and propose some ideas for future work.

[1]  Thomas W. Malone,et al.  Heuristics for designing enjoyable user interfaces: Lessons from computer games , 1982, CHI '82.

[2]  Annemarie Hauf,et al.  Computers in education , 1983 .

[3]  Thomas W. Malone,et al.  What makes things fun to learn? heuristics for designing instructional computer games , 1980, SIGSMALL '80.

[4]  Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals ( VDTs ) — Part 11 : Guidance on usability , 1998 .

[5]  Ed Smeets,et al.  Does ICT contribute to powerful learning environments in primary education? , 2005, Comput. Educ..

[6]  Alan J. Dix,et al.  Being playful: learning from children , 2003, IDC '03.

[7]  Siu Cheung Kong,et al.  A cognitive tool for teaching the addition/subtraction of common fractions: a model of affordances , 2005, Comput. Educ..

[8]  Gwen Nugent,et al.  On-line Multimedia Assessment for K-4 Students , 2003 .

[9]  Ni Chang The Teacher’s Attention Empowering Children’s Math Learning With Computers , 2000 .

[10]  Stephen W. Draper,et al.  Analysing fun as a candidate software requirement , 1999, Personal Technologies.

[11]  Gavin Sim,et al.  Interfaces for online assessment: friend or foe? , 2004 .

[12]  SmeetsEd Does ICT contribute to powerful learning environments in primary education , 2005 .

[13]  Henry L. Roediger,et al.  Research Methods in Psychology , 1985 .

[14]  John C. Thomas,et al.  Human factors in computer systems , 1984 .

[15]  Alfred Bork,et al.  Multimedia in Learning , 2001 .

[16]  Janet C. Read,et al.  Measuring the Usability of Text Input Methods for Children , 2001, BCS HCI/IHM.

[17]  John M. Carroll Beyond fun , 2004, INTR.

[18]  A. McFarlane,et al.  Report on the educational use of games , 2002 .

[19]  Diana Laurillard,et al.  Rethinking University Teaching: A Conversational Framework for the Effective Use of Learning Technologies. 2nd Edition , 1993 .

[20]  Mary Peat,et al.  Supporting student learning: the use of computer-based formative assessment modules , 2002, Br. J. Educ. Technol..

[21]  R. Glaser,et al.  Knowing What Students Know: The Science and Design of Educational Assessment , 2001 .

[22]  J. Read,et al.  Endurability, Engagement and Expectations: Measuring Children’s Fun , 2002 .

[23]  Janet C. Read,et al.  Evaluating Interactive Products for and with Children , 2003, INTERACT.

[24]  Kirsten Risden,et al.  Guidelines for usability testing with children , 1997, INTR.

[25]  Janette Gadanidis Designing learning objects for language arts pre-service teacher education in support of project-based learning environments , 2004 .

[26]  C. Crook,et al.  Children's Computer Use at Home and at School: Context and continuity , 2002 .

[27]  Stephen M. Alessi,et al.  Multimedia for Learning: Methods and Development , 2000 .

[28]  Peter C. Wright,et al.  Funology: from usability to enjoyment , 2005 .

[29]  Employment,et al.  The National Curriculum : handbook for primary teachers in England , 1999 .