A fundamental investigation of scaling up turbulent liquid-phase vortex reactor using experimentally validated CFD models

The velocity field in a macro-scale multi-inlet vortex reactor used in the Flash Nanoprecipitation process for producing functional nanoparticles was investigated using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry. Based on the experimental data, a simple model was proposed to describe the average velocity field within the reactor. In the model, the axial and azimuthal velocities could be well described by the combination of two co-flowing batchelor vortices. In this model, six dimensionless coefficients are identified by non-linear curve fitting, and their dependence on Reynolds number can be linearly described. This simple model is able to accurately predict the mean velocity field within the confined turbulent swirling flow based purely on Reynolds number.

[1]  F. Menter,et al.  A Correlation-Based Transition Model Using Local Variables: Part II — Test Cases and Industrial Applications , 2004 .

[2]  P. Durbin,et al.  A Bypass Transition Model Based on the Intermittency Function , 2014 .

[3]  M. S. Gritskevich,et al.  Development of DDES and IDDES Formulations for the k-ω Shear Stress Transport Model , 2012 .

[4]  Bernhard Wieneke,et al.  Stereo-PIV using self-calibration on particle images , 2005 .

[5]  S. Mayer,et al.  Turbulent swirling flow in a model of a uniflow-scavenged two-stroke engine , 2013, Experiments in Fluids.

[6]  Michael G. Olsen,et al.  Flow Characteristics in a Scaled-up Multi-inlet Vortex Nanoprecipitation Reactor , 2015 .

[7]  Johannes Janicka,et al.  MIXING ANALYSIS OF A SWIRLING RECIRCULATING FLOW USING DNS AND EXPERIMENTAL DATA , 2006, Proceeding of Fourth International Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena.

[8]  X. Bai,et al.  Large eddy simulation and experimental studies of a confined turbulent swirling flow , 2004 .

[9]  Partha P. Sarkar,et al.  Design, construction and performance of a large tornado simulator for wind engineering applications , 2008 .

[10]  Zhipeng Li,et al.  Stereo‐PIV experiments and large eddy simulations of flow fields in stirred tanks with Rushton and curved‐Blade turbines , 2013 .

[11]  J. Huskens,et al.  Formation of hybrid gold nanoparticle network aggregates by specific host-guest interactions in a turbulent flow reactor. , 2014, Journal of materials chemistry. B.

[12]  Paul E. Dimotakis,et al.  TURBULENT MIXING , 2004 .

[13]  Ying Liu,et al.  Stabilized polymeric nanoparticles for controlled and efficient release of bifenthrin. , 2008, Pest management science.

[14]  Laurent David,et al.  Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry measurements of the flow around a surface-mounted block , 2004 .

[15]  Hiroki Suzuki,et al.  Quantitative visualization of high-Schmidt-number turbulent mixing in grid turbulence by means of PLIF , 2012, J. Vis..

[16]  Surya Pratap Vanka,et al.  Large eddy simulation of turbulence‐driven secondary flow in a square duct , 1991 .

[17]  F. Menter,et al.  A Correlation-Based Transition Model Using Local Variables: Part I — Model Formulation , 2004 .

[18]  R. Fox,et al.  Dynamic delayed detached eddy simulation of a multi‐inlet vortex reactor , 2016 .

[19]  John P. Crimaldi,et al.  Planar laser induced fluorescence in aqueous flows , 2008 .

[20]  François Avellan,et al.  Analysis of the Swirling Flow Downstream a Francis Turbine Runner , 2006 .

[21]  P. Spalart,et al.  A New Version of Detached-eddy Simulation, Resistant to Ambiguous Grid Densities , 2006 .

[22]  Laszlo Fuchs,et al.  Mixing in a confined turbulent impinging jet using planar laser-induced fluorescence , 1998 .

[23]  Ying Liu,et al.  CFD predictions for chemical processing in a confined impinging‐jets reactor , 2006 .

[24]  Ryszard Pohorecki,et al.  Turbulent micromixing in chemical reactors - a review * , 1995 .

[25]  R. Escudié,et al.  Analysis of turbulence anisotropy in a mixing tank , 2006 .

[26]  Paul A. Durbin,et al.  Modeling rotational effects in eddy-viscosity closures , 1999 .

[27]  J. Rieger,et al.  Organic Nanoparticles in the Aqueous Phase-Theory, Experiment, and Use. , 2001, Angewandte Chemie.

[28]  M. P. Escudier,et al.  Observations and LDA measurements of confined turbulent vortex flow , 1980, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[29]  Hui Meng,et al.  A large eddy PIV method for turbulence dissipation rate estimation , 2000 .

[30]  P. Durbin,et al.  Statistical Theory and Modeling for Turbulent Flows , 2001 .

[31]  Rodney O. Fox,et al.  Computational Models for Turbulent Reacting Flows: References , 2003 .

[32]  W. Hallett,et al.  Flow and mixing in swirling flow in a sudden expansion , 1984 .

[33]  C. Rhie,et al.  Numerical Study of the Turbulent Flow Past an Airfoil with Trailing Edge Separation , 1983 .

[34]  Joseph Katz,et al.  Vortex-corner interactions in a cavity shear layer elucidated by time-resolved measurements of the pressure field , 2013, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[35]  Osami Kitoh,et al.  Experimental study of turbulent swirling flow in a straight pipe , 1991, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[36]  Michael G. Olsen,et al.  Turbulent mixing in a confined rectangular wake , 2006 .

[37]  L. Graftieaux,et al.  Combining PIV, POD and vortex identification algorithms for the study of unsteady turbulent swirling flows , 2001 .

[38]  P. Durbin.  Review: Adapting scalar turbulence closure models for rotation and curvature , 2011 .

[39]  Philip J. Smith,et al.  Modeling of swirl in turbulent flow systems , 1986 .

[40]  D. Marchisio,et al.  Flow field simulation and mixing efficiency assessment of the multi-inlet vortex mixer for molybdenum sulfide nanoparticle precipitation , 2014 .

[41]  By K. Duraisamy.  Curvature correction and application of the v 2 − f turbulence model to tip vortex flows , .

[42]  P. Spalart.  Comments on the feasibility of LES for wings, and on a hybrid RANS/LES approach , 1997 .

[43]  Aleksandar Jemcov,et al.  OpenFOAM: A C++ Library for Complex Physics Simulations , 2007 .

[44]  J. C. Cheng,et al.  Kinetic Modeling of Nanoprecipitation using CFD Coupled with a Population Balance , 2010 .

[45]  F. Menter,et al.  Adaptation of Eddy-Viscosity Turbulence Models to Unsteady Separated Flow Behind Vehicles , 2004 .

[46]  Suad Jakirlić,et al.  Modeling Rotating and Swirling Turbulent Flows: A Perpetual Challenge , 2002 .

[47]  Paul A. Durbin,et al.  Modeling rotation and curvature effects within scalar eddy viscosity model framework , 2013 .

[48]  Ronnie H. Fang,et al.  Large-scale synthesis of lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles using a multi-inlet vortex reactor. , 2012, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[49]  P. Durbin,et al.  On the dynamic computation of the model constant in delayed detached eddy simulation , 2015 .

[50]  V. Yang,et al.  Large-eddy simulations of turbulent swirling flows injected into a dump chamber , 2005, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[51]  P. Bradshaw.  Effects of Streamline Curvature on Turbulent Flow. , 1973 .

[52]  J. Westerweel,et al.  Measurement of laminar, transitional and turbulent pipe flow using Stereoscopic-PIV , 2007 .

[53]  Rainier Hreiz,et al.  Numerical investigation of swirling flow in cylindrical cyclones , 2011 .

[54]  Michael G. Olsen,et al.  Effect of inlet conditions on the accuracy of large eddy simulations of a turbulent rectangular wake , 2014 .

[55]  P. Moin,et al.  Large eddy simulation of controlled transition to turbulence , 2012 .

[56]  R. Fox,et al.  Confocal imaging of laminar and turbulent mixing in a microscale multi-inlet vortex nanoprecipitation reactor , 2011 .

[57]  J. C. Cheng,et al.  A competitive aggregation model for flash nanoprecipitation. , 2010, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[58]  Ying Liu,et al.  Self-assembling process of flash nanoprecipitation in a multi-inlet vortex mixer to produce drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles , 2011 .

[59]  P. Durbin,et al.  A DDES model with a Smagorinsky-type eddy viscosity formulation and log-layer mismatch correction , 2014 .

[60]  A. Mahajan,et al.  Micromixing effects in a two-impinging-jets precipitator , 1996 .

[61]  Ying Liu,et al.  Investigation of turbulent mixing in a confined planar‐jet reactor , 2005 .

[62]  Ying Liu,et al.  Turbulence in a microscale planar confined impinging-jets reactor. , 2009, Lab on a chip.

[63]  Jie Zhang,et al.  Studies on strongly swirling flows in the full space of a volute cyclone separator , 2005 .

[64]  I. M. O T A K I S.  The mixing transition in turbulent flows , 2022 .

[65]  Z. Warhaft.  Passive Scalars in Turbulent Flows , 2000 .

[66]  Tamer A. Zaki,et al.  Large Eddy Simulation of Transitional Separated Flow over a Flat Plate and a Compressor Blade , 2012 .

[67]  J. Garside,et al.  Mixing, reaction and precipitation: Limits of micromixing in an MSMPR crystallizer , 1985 .

[68]  R. Fox,et al.  Investigation of passive scalar mixing in a confined rectangular wake using simultaneous PIV and PLIF , 2010 .

[69]  J. C. Cheng,et al.  Measurements of turbulence in a microscale multi-inlet vortex nanoprecipitation reactor , 2013 .

[70]  Hui Meng,et al.  Experimental study of turbulent mixing in a tee mixer using PIV and PLIF , 2001 .

[71]  Robert K. Prud'homme,et al.  Flash NanoPrecipitation of Organic Actives and Block Copolymers using a Confined Impinging Jets Mixer , 2003 .

[72]  Fernando J. Muzzio,et al.  Laser-induced fluorescence technique for the quantification of mixing in impinging jets , 1999 .

[73]  J. Koseff,et al.  High-resolution measurements of the spatial and temporal scalar structure of a turbulent plume , 2001 .

[74]  Asmund Huser,et al.  Direct numerical simulation of turbulent flow in a square duct , 1992 .

[75]  J. L. Santos,et al.  Synthesis of Copolymers from Phenylboronic Acid-Installed Cyclic Carbonates. , 2014, ACS macro letters.

[76]  Saeed Farokhi,et al.  On Turbulent Flows Dominated by Curvature Effects , 1992 .

[77]  Michael G. Olsen,et al.  Predictive capability of Large Eddy Simulation for point-wise and spatial turbulence statistics in a confined rectangular jet , 2012 .

[78]  Werner J. A. Dahm,et al.  Direct, high resolution, four‐dimensional measurements of the fine scale structure of Sc≫1 molecular mixing in turbulent flows , 1991 .

[79]  Robert K. Prud'homme,et al.  Chemical Processing and Micromixing in Confined Impinging Jets , 2003 .

[80]  D. Wilcox.  Turbulence modeling for CFD , 1993 .

[81]  A. Sadiki,et al.  A digital filter based generation of inflow data for spatially developing direct numerical or large eddy simulations , 2003 .

[82]  Ajay K. Prasad,et al.  Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry , 2000 .

[83]  Antonello Barresi,et al.  Design and scale‐up of chemical reactors for nanoparticle precipitation , 2006 .

[84]  Bhimsen K. Shivamoggi,et al.  Axial flow in trailing line vortices , 1979 .

[85]  Zoltan K. Nagy,et al.  Detached eddy simulation on the turbulent flow in a stirred tank , 2012 .

[86]  Ying Liu,et al.  Mixing in a multi-inlet vortex mixer (MIVM) for flash nano-precipitation , 2008 .

[87]  J. Westerweel,et al.  Interfacial Layers Between Regions of Different Turbulence Intensity , 2014 .

[88]  John T. Snow,et al.  Characteristics of Tornado-Like Vortices as a Function of Swirl Ratio: A Laboratory Investigation , 1979 .

[89]  Werner J. A. Dahm,et al.  Experimental study of the fine-scale structure of conserved scalar mixing in turbulent shear flows. Part 1. Sc [Gt ] 1 , 1996, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[90]  Suzanne M D'Addio,et al.  Controlling drug nanoparticle formation by rapid precipitation. , 2011, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[91]  Hui Hu,et al.  Characterization of the wind loads and flow fields around a gable-roof building model in tornado-like winds , 2011 .

[92]  R. Fox,et al.  A Batchelor Vortex Model for Mean Velocity of Turbulent Swirling Flow in a Macroscale Multi-Inlet Vortex Reactor , 2015 .

[93]  F. Menter.  Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications , 1994 .