Vibration of Buildings to Wind and Earthquake Loads

1 Fundamentals of Structural Dynamics.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 One-degree-of-freedom System.- 1.2.1 Equation of Motion.- 1.2.2 Free Vibration.- 1.2.3 Response to Harmonic Loading.- 1.2.4 Response to Arbitrary Loading.- 1.3 Multi-degree-of-freedom System.- 1.3.1 Equation of Motion.- 1.3.2 Undamped Free Vibration.- 1.3.3 Forced Vibration Response.- 1.4 Continuous System.- 1.4.1 Equation of Motion.- 1.4.2 Free Vibration.- 1.4.3 Orthogonality of Modes of Vibration.- 1.4.4 Forced Vibration Response.- 2 Behaviour of Buildings Under Lateral Loads.- 2.1 Structural Systems.- 2.1.1 Braced Frame Structures.- 2.1.2 Rigid Frame Structures.- 2.1.3 Shear Wall Structures.- 2.1.4 Shear Wall-Frame Structures.- 2.1.5 Framed Tube Structures.- 2.1.6 Tube in Tube Structures.- 2.1.7 Bundled Tube Structures.- 2.1.8 Outrigger-braced Structures.- 2.2 Modelling of Structural Systems.- 2.2.1 Behaviour of Buildings.- 2.2.2 Modelling of Plane Structures.- 2.2.3 Modelling of Three-dimensional Structures.- 2.2.4 Reduction of Size of Model.- 3 Dynamic Effects of Winds on Buildings.- 3.1 Characteristics of Wind.- 3.1.1 Mean Wind Speed.- 3.1.2 Turbulence.- 3.1.3 Integral Scales of Turbulence.- 3.1.4 Spectrum of Turbulence.- 3.1.5 Cross Spectrum of Turbulence.- 3.2 Wind-induced Dynamic Forces.- 3.2.1 Forces due to Uniform Flow.- 3.2.2 Forces due to Turbulent Flow.- 3.3 Along-wind Response.- 3.3.1 Point Structures.- 3.3.2 Line-like Structures.- 3.3.3 Evaluation of Peak Response.- 3.4 Across-wind Response.- 3.5 Torsional Response.- 3.6 Serviceability Requirements.- 4 Wind Tunnel Studies of Buildings.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Rigid Model Studies.- 4.3 Aeroelastic Model Studies.- 4.3.1 Aeroelastic Model with Linear Mode (Semi-rigid Model).- 4.3.2 Aeroelastic Model with Shear-Flexure Mode.- 4.3.3 Aeroelastic Model with Coupled Modes.- 4.4 High-frequency Force Balance Model.- 4.5 Pedestrian Wind Studies.- 5 Analysis of the Behaviour of Buildings During Earthquakes.- 5.1 Earthquake Loading.- 5.2 Response Spectrum Analysis of SDOF.- 5.3 Response Spectrum Analysis of MDOF.- 5.4 Site and Soil-Structure Interaction Effects.- 5.5 Equivalent Lateral Load Analysis.- 5.6 Inelastic Response Analysis.- 6 Earthquake-resistant Design of Buildings.- 6.1 Desigft Philosophy.- 6.2 Structural Configuration.- 6.2.1 Vertical Configuration.- 6.2.2 Horizontal Configuration.- 6.3 Steel Structures.- 6.3.1 Moment-Resisting Frame (MRF).- 6.3.2 Concentrically Braced Frame (CBF).- 6.3.3 Eccentrically Braced Frame (EBF).- 6.3.4 Knee-Brace-Frame (KBF).- 6.3.5 Applications.- 6.4 Concrete Structures.- 6.4.1 Moment-resisting Frames.- 6.4.2 Shear Wall Structures.- 6.4.3 Coupled Shear Walls.