Modeling of STATCOM in Load Flow Formulation

This chapter presents an easy modeling of STATCOM into a recent Newton–Raphson (NR) load flow method. This load flow formulation is based on power and current injection mismatches. In this new load flow, the current mismatch equations are used to represent the PQ buses while the power mismatches are used for PV buses. This load flow formulation decreases the required number of equations, the computation time and improves the convergence performance especially in case of PV buses. The developed STATCOM model is considered as an application for the representation of PV buses in the new NR power and current injection mismatches load flow formulation. In this model, the connected buses with STATCOM are converted to PV buses with zero active power generation and the voltage magnitudes are fixed at the pre-request values. The controlled buses are incorporated in load flow algorithm as power injection mismatch equations. The parameters of STATCOM can be calculated during the iterative process using simple equations based on its configuration.

[1]  Ghadir Radman,et al.  Power flow model/calculation for power systems with multiple FACTS controllers , 2007 .

[2]  Narendra Kumar,et al.  An Advanced Static Synchronous Compensator Model to Reuse Newton and Decoupled Power Flow Codes , 2011 .

[3]  Laszlo Gyugyi,et al.  Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems , 1999 .

[4]  N. Martins,et al.  An augmented Newton–Raphson power flow formulation based on current injections , 2001 .

[5]  Yankui Zhang,et al.  Power injection model of STATCOM with control and operating limit for power flow and voltage stability analysis , 2006 .

[6]  Chen Shen,et al.  The steady state characteristics of a StatCom with energy storage , 2000, 2000 Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting (Cat. No.00CH37134).

[7]  Sandoval Carneiro,et al.  Power-flow analysis of the IEEE8500-Node Test Feeder using the Current Injection Method , 2010, IEEE PES T&D 2010.

[8]  N. Martins,et al.  Three-phase power flow calculations using the current injection method , 2000 .

[9]  H. F. Wang,et al.  Application of cell immune response modelling to power system voltage control by STATCOM , 2002 .

[10]  Salah Kamel,et al.  Analysis and Modeling of a Unified Power Flow Controller in Newton-Raphson Load Flow , 2012 .

[11]  Xiao-Ping Zhang,et al.  Flexible AC Transmission Systems: Modelling and Control , 2006 .

[12]  A.H.M.A. Rahim,et al.  Robust damping controller design for a static compensator , 2002 .

[13]  Vander Menengoy da Costa,et al.  Developments in the analysis of unbalanced three-phase power flow solutions , 2007 .

[14]  K. K. Sen,et al.  STATCOM-STATic synchronous COMpensator: theory, modeling, and applications , 1999, IEEE Power Engineering Society. 1999 Winter Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36233).

[15]  Mohammed H. Haque,et al.  Use of energy function to evaluate the additional damping provided by a STATCOM , 2004 .

[16]  P.A.N. Garcia,et al.  Power Factor Correction on Distribution Networks Including Distributed Generation , 2007, 2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting.

[17]  G. T. Heydt,et al.  Power flow control and power flow studies for systems with FACTS devices , 1998 .

[18]  Salah Kamel,et al.  Modeling and Analysis of Voltage and Power Control Devices in Current Injections Load Flow Method , 2013 .

[19]  Jose Luiz Rezende Pereira,et al.  A new tool for multiphase electrical systems analysis based on current injection method , 2013 .

[20]  P.A.N. Garcia,et al.  Four wire Newton-Raphson power flow based on the current injection method , 2004, IEEE PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition, 2004..

[21]  P.A.N. Garcia,et al.  Three-Phase Power Flow Based on Four-Conductor Current Injection Method for Unbalanced Distribution Networks , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[22]  Enrique Acha,et al.  FACTS: Modelling and Simulation in Power Networks , 2004 .

[23]  F. V. Gomes,et al.  Improvements in the representation of PV buses on three-phase distribution power flow , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[24]  H. Mokhlis,et al.  Reusability techniques in load-flow analysis computer program , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[25]  Vander Menengoy da Costa,et al.  A second order power flow based on current injection equations , 2005 .

[26]  Y. Wang,et al.  Co-ordinated control of generator excitation and STATCOM for rotor angle stability and voltage regulation enhancement of power systems , 2002 .

[27]  C. Horwill,et al.  STATCOM: a new era of reactive compensation , 2002 .

[28]  Sandoval Carneiro,et al.  Voltage control devices models for distribution power flow analysis , 2001 .

[29]  N. Martins,et al.  Developments in the Newton Raphson power flow formulation based on current injections , 1999 .

[30]  Laszlo Gyugyi,et al.  Dynamic compensation of AC transmission lines by solid-state synchronous voltage sources , 1994 .

[31]  M. A. Abido,et al.  Analysis and assessment of STATCOM-based damping stabilizers for power system stability enhancement , 2005 .

[32]  K. R. Padiyar,et al.  Tuning and performance evaluation of damping controller for a STATCOM , 2003 .

[33]  Salah Kamel,et al.  A simple implementation of power mismatch STATCOM model into current injection Newton–Raphson power-flow method , 2014 .

[34]  S. Carneiro,et al.  Unbalanced three-phase distribution system load-flow studies including induction machines , 2006, 2006 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting.

[35]  Salah Kamel,et al.  Improved NR current injection load flow using power mismatch representation of PV bus , 2013 .

[36]  P.A.N. Garcia,et al.  Comparisons between the three-phase current injection method and the forward/backward sweep method , 2010 .

[37]  Claudio A. Canizares,et al.  STATCOM Modeling for Voltage and Angle Stability Studies , 2003 .