Geochemical Monitoring Considerations for the FutureGen 2.0 Project

Abstract Geochemical monitoring is an essential component of a suite of monitoring technologies designed to evaluate CO 2 mass balance and detect possible loss of containment at the FutureGen 2.0 geologic sequestration site near Jacksonville, IL. This presentation gives an overview of the potential geochemical approaches and tracer technologies that were considered, and describes the evaluation process by which the most cost-effective and robust of these were selected for implementation.

[1]  Peter Rose,et al.  The application of the polyaromatic sulfonates as tracers in geothermal reservoirs , 2001 .

[2]  Paul D. Thorne,et al.  FutureGen 2.0 Monitoring Program: An Overview of the Monitoring Approach and Technologies Selected for Implementation , 2014 .

[3]  Michelle R. Bright,et al.  Design and package of a 14CO2 field analyzer: the Global Monitor Platform (GMP) , 2011, Optical Engineering + Applications.

[4]  Manish X. Gupta,et al.  Validation and application of cavity-enhanced, near-infrared tunable diode laser absorption spectrometry for measurements of methane carbon isotopes at ambient concentrations. , 2013, Environmental science & technology.

[5]  M. Salehpour,et al.  Evaluation of intracavity optogalvanic spectroscopy for radiocarbon measurements. , 2013, Analytical chemistry.

[6]  Vince R. Vermeul,et al.  Overview of the CO2 Geological Storage Site for the FutureGen Project in Morgan County Illinois, USA , 2014 .

[7]  Corinne Le Quéré,et al.  Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis , 2013 .

[8]  J. Amonette,et al.  Transport of perfluorocarbon tracers and carbon dioxide in sediment columns – Evaluating the application of PFC tracers for CO2 leakage detection , 2014 .

[9]  H. Rollins,et al.  The effect of moisture content on retention of fluorocarbon tracers on sand , 2005 .

[10]  S. Gíslason,et al.  Carbon Storage in Basalt , 2014, Science.

[11]  Mark Moody,et al.  Evaluating the Suitability for CO2 Storage at the FutureGen 2.0 Site, Morgan County, Illinois, USA , 2013 .

[12]  P. Saripalli,et al.  Potential method for measurement of CO2 leakage from underground sequestration fields using radioactive tracers , 2008 .

[13]  S. Lehman,et al.  A New Automated Extraction System for 14C Measurement for Atmospheric Co2 , 2010, Radiocarbon.

[14]  Thomas H. Wilson,et al.  Atmospheric and soil-gas monitoring for surface leakage at the San Juan Basin CO2 pilot test site at Pump Canyon New Mexico, using perfluorocarbon tracers, CO2 soil-gas flux and soil-gas hydrocarbons , 2013 .

[15]  M. Whiticar Stable isotope geochemistry of coals, humic kerogens and related natural gases , 1996 .

[16]  D. Murnick,et al.  Intracavity optogalvanic spectroscopy. An analytical technique for 14C analysis with subattomole sensitivity. , 2008, Analytical Chemistry.

[17]  R. Betts,et al.  Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing. Chapter 2 , 2007 .

[18]  Linda Stalker,et al.  Tracers - Past, present and future applications in CO2 geosequestration , 2013 .

[19]  Terrence Sullivan,et al.  Feasibility of a perfluorocarbon tracer based network to support monitoring, verification, and accounting of sequestered CO₂. , 2012, Environmental science & technology.

[20]  Garret Veloski,et al.  Atmospheric tracer monitoring and surface plume development at the ZERT pilot test in Bozeman, Montana, USA , 2010 .

[21]  Wallace S. Broecker,et al.  The CarbFix Pilot Project–Storing carbon dioxide in basalt , 2011 .

[23]  Grant S. Bromhal,et al.  The use of tracers to assess leakage from the sequestration of CO2 in a depleted oil reservoir, New Mexico, USA , 2007 .

[24]  Manish X. Gupta,et al.  Deployment of a carbon isotope ratiometer for the monitoring of CO2 sequestration leakage. , 2011, Analytical chemistry.

[25]  S. Borri,et al.  Molecular gas sensing below parts per trillion: radiocarbon-dioxide optical detection. , 2011, Physical review letters.

[26]  Klaus J. Stetzenbach,et al.  Trace enrichment of fluorinated organic acids used as ground-water tracers by liquid chromatography. , 1982, Environmental science & technology.

[27]  D. Murnick,et al.  14C analysis via intracavity optogalvanic spectroscopy , 2010 .

[28]  J. Shaw,et al.  Measurement of advective soil gas flux: results of field and laboratory experiments with CO2 , 2013, Environmental Earth Sciences.

[29]  R. Klusman,et al.  Comparison of surface and near-surface geochemical methods for detection of gas microseepage from carbon dioxide sequestration , 2011 .

[30]  Spatiotemporal changes in CO2 emissions during the second ZERT injection, August–September 2008 , 2010 .

[31]  Nu Nu Wai,et al.  Dyes as tracers for vadose zone hydrology , 2003 .

[32]  Klaus S. Lackner,et al.  Envisioning carbon capture and storage: expanded possibilities due to air capture, leakage insurance, and C-14 monitoring , 2009 .

[33]  R. Dietz,et al.  The atmospheric background of perfluorocarbon compounds used as tracers. , 2007, Environmental science & technology.