Consensus, difference and ‘multiple communities’ in networked learning

The article reviews the popularity in networked learning designs for values of collaboration, and in particular, of community. Examples of this are drawn from the networked learning literature, highlighting corresponding arguments for networked learning providing the basis for a more democratic ethos within higher educational programmes. The authors critique the notion of ‘community’, especially its association with consensus and pressures to conform. They argue for an interpretation of community which would be more likely to take account of differences, without suppressing or ‘managing’ them, and cite examples of network learning structures which seem to be based on principles more sympathetic to this aim.

[1]  K. Strike Schools as Communities: Four Metaphors, Three Models, and a Dilemma or Two , 2000 .

[2]  J. Ravetz,et al.  Beyond Left and Right , 2004 .

[3]  S. Mann A personal inquiry into an experience of adult learning online , 2004 .

[4]  Management self-development : concepts and practices , 1981 .

[5]  Starr Roxanne Hiltz,et al.  Network Nation: Human Communication Via Computer , 1979 .

[6]  Jane Kenway,et al.  The Information Superhighway and Post-Modernity: The Social Promise and the Social Price , 1996 .

[7]  M. Collins Adult Education as Vocation: A Critical Role for the Adult Educator. , 1991 .

[8]  Paul Kei Matsuda Negotiation of Identity and Power in a Japanese Online Discourse Community. , 2002 .

[9]  H. Hirsch I. The Threnody of Liberalism , 1986 .

[10]  A. Kellerman,et al.  The Constitution of Society : Outline of the Theory of Structuration , 2015 .

[11]  Lee Sproull,et al.  Connections: New Ways of Working in the Networked Organization , 1991 .

[12]  David B. Clark The Concept of Community: A Re-Examination , 1973 .

[13]  Robin Usher,et al.  Telling a Story about Research and Research as Story-telling: Postmodern Approaches to Social Research , 2005 .

[14]  Davide Nicolini,et al.  Toward a Social Understanding of How People Learn in Organizations , 1998 .

[15]  D. Kolb Learning places: Building dwelling thinking online , 2000 .

[16]  Lee Sproull,et al.  Computers, Networks and Work. , 1991 .

[17]  E. Paice,et al.  Collaborative learning , 2003, Medical education.

[18]  F. C. P. Motta The theory of communicative action , 1991 .

[19]  Simeon J. Yates Gender, identity and CMC , 1997, J. Comput. Assist. Learn..

[20]  Nancy Fraser Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy , 2016, Public Space Reader.

[21]  Henry A. Giroux Border Crossings: Cultural Workers and the Politics of Education , 1991 .

[22]  D. Randy Garrison,et al.  Computer conferencing: the post‐industrial age of distance education , 1997 .

[23]  D. Hindman The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier , 1996 .

[24]  M. Reynolds Bright Lights and the Pastoral Idyll , 2000 .

[25]  K. Trehan,et al.  Classroom as Real World: Propositions for a pedagogy of difference , 2001 .

[26]  I. Young The Ideal of Community and the Politics of Difference , 1986 .

[27]  Giuseppe Mantovani,et al.  Is Computer-Mediated Communication Intrinsically Apt to Enhance Democracy in Organizations? , 1994 .

[28]  Vivien Hodgson Issues for democracy and social identity in CMC and Networked Learning , 2002 .

[29]  Daniel G. Bobrow,et al.  Network Community Design: A Social-Technical Design Circle , 2004, Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW).

[30]  E. Ellsworth Why Doesn't This Feel Empowering? Working Through the Repressive Myths of Critical Pedagogy , 1989 .

[31]  Pierre Falzon,et al.  Collaboration and underlying issues or the surprises of cooperative dialogues , 2004, Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW).

[32]  A. R. Stone Will the real body please stand up?: boundary stories about virtual cultures , 1991 .

[33]  Milton Fisk,et al.  Community and Morality , 1993, The Review of Politics.

[34]  A. Giddens Beyond Left and Right: The Future of Radical Politics , 1994 .

[35]  S. Turkle Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet , 1997 .

[36]  Vivien Hodgson,et al.  Virtual communities in education: culture or cultural artefact? , 2002 .

[37]  Kwok-Chi Ng Using E-mail to Foster Collaboration in Distance Education , 2001 .

[38]  Elizabeth D. Mynatt,et al.  Network Communities: Something Old, Something New, Something Borrowed ... , 2004, Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW).

[39]  Elizabeth Willis,et al.  Power, language, and identity: Voices from an online course , 2002 .

[40]  R. Boshier Socio-Psychological Factors in Electronic Networking , 1990 .

[41]  Erik van de Loo The clinical paradigm: Manfred Kets de Vries's reflections on organizational therapy , 2000 .

[42]  Wes Sharrock,et al.  On the Relevance of Habermas‘ Theory of Communicative Action for CSCW , 1997, Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW).

[43]  M. Pedler Developing the learning community , 1981 .