相关论文
2012 - IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
A Low-Complexity Solution to Decode Diversity-Oriented Block Codes in MIMO Systems with Inter-Symbol Interference

In this paper we first propose a block-code based general model to combat the Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) caused by frequency selective channels in a Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) system and/or by asynchronous cooperative transmissions. The general model is not only exemplified by the Time-Reversed Space-Time Block Code (TR-STBC) scheme, but also by the Asynchronous Cooperative Liner Dispersion Codes (ACLDC) scheme. In these schemes a guard interval has to be inserted between adjacent transmission blocks to mitigate the effect of ISI. Consequently, this could degrade the effective symbol rate for a small block size. A larger block size would enhance the effective symbol rate and also substantially increase the decoding complexity. In the general model proposed in this paper, we further present a novel low-complexity breadth-adjustable tree-search algorithm and compare it with Sphere-Decoding (SD) based algorithms. With simulation results we will illustrate that our algorithm is able to achieve the optimal performance in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) with a complexity much lower than the SD-based algorithms, whether the ACLDC or TR-STBC scheme is employed. Through simulations we further demonstrate that when the block size of the ACLDC is equivalent to 20, the complexity of the proposed algorithm is only a fraction of 10-8 that of the Maximum Likelihood (ML) algorithm. This would allow us to practically enhance the effective symbol rate without any performance degradation.

2004 - 2004 IEEE 59th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC 2004-Spring (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37514)
Performance of combined channel coding and space-time block coding with antenna selection

We analyzed the performance of the serial concatenation of convolutional coding with space-time block coding. We obtained an error bound for the space-time coded system with ideal channel interleaving. Our results indicated that these error bounds are in a good agreement with the exact BER performance especially at low BER levels where error bounds become more significant. We have also shown that the use of antenna selection at the receiver side only effects the SNR coding gain, but not the overall diversity order. This phenomena was evident for both the fast and block flat fading channel models. Moreover, we have shown that the receiver performance is affected significantly by channel interleaving. In that, a comparison between the quasi-static and fast fading channels was conducted where it was shown that the time diversity order dominates the overall system diversity. Furthermore, we have noted that the use of antenna selection results in almost the same SNR reduction regardless of the channel model used.

2020 - Imaging and Sensing for Unmanned Aircraft Systems: Volume 2: Deployment and Applications
Image transmission in UAV MIMO UWB-OSTBC system over Rayleigh channel using multiple description coding (MDC)

Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes (OSTBC) and multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) communication system are new techniques with high performance that have many applications in wireless telecommunications. This chapter presents an image transfer technique for the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in a UWB system using a hybrid structure of the MIMO-OSTBC wireless environment in multiple description coding (MDC) deals. MDC technique for image transmission is a new approach in which there is no record of it so far. This ensures that in the packet loss scenario due to channel errors, images with acceptable quality with no need for retransmission can be reconstructed. The proposed system is implemented using a different number of transmitter and receiver antennas UAV. Assuming a Rayleigh model for the communication channels, the MDC image transmission performance is compared with single description coding (SDC). Experimental results confirm that the proposed hybrid method has better performance than the SDC.

2005 - WiMob'2005), IEEE International Conference on Wireless And Mobile Computing, Networking And Communications, 2005.
A new metric for space-time block codes with imperfect channel estimates

In this paper, a new metric for the decision rule of the space-time block (STB) codes having imperfect estimate of the channel fading parameters is derived. Estimation errors of these fading parameters have high impact on the performance of the STB code as the decision rule is dependent on these fading parameters. By including the variance of the channel estimation error in the decoder metric derivation of the STB codes, we derive an exact probability distribution function (pdf) of the received signals conditioned on the estimated channel parameters and transmitted symbol sequences. A modified decision rule is easily found from this and compared with the state-of-the-art scheme proposed by Tarokh. Performance comparison shows that significant improvement is achieved in terms of error rate and system complexity, especially for quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The derived decision rule converges to the ideal case for no estimation error and to Tarokh's decision rule for high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

2007 - 2007 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications
An Efficient Detector for Non-Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes with Receiver Antenna Selection

A new architecture for detection of layered quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes (LQOSTBC) with receiver antenna selection over Rayleigh fading channels is presented. The LQOSTBC transmitter consists of a full-rate quasi-orthogonal space-time block code unit, plus one antenna operating as V-BLAST. The LQOSTBC receiver selects nR out of a total of NR available antennas using a low-complexity, nearly optimal algorithm. The proposed receiver is based on successive interference cancellation (SIC) and the QR decomposition, suggesting a simple hardware implementation. It is designed for zero-forcing (ZF) criterion and a spatially uncorrelated channel. Reduced complexity is achieved by means of a convenient rearrangement of the channel matrix elements. The detection scheme proposed is compared to similar, recently reported techniques.

2011 - Optics express
Space-time block code based MIMO encoding for large core step index plastic optical fiber transmission systems.

The performance of Space-Time Block Codes combined with Discrete MultiTone modulation applied in a Large Core Step-Index POF link is examined theoretically. A comparative study is performed considering several schemes that employ multiple transmitters/receivers and a fiber span of 100 m. The performance enhancement of the higher diversity order configurations is revealed by application of a Margin Adaptive Bit Loading technique that employs Chow's algorithm. Simulations results of the above schemes, in terms of Bit Error Rate as a function of the received Signal to Noise Ratio, are provided. An improvement of more than 6 dB for the required electrical SNR is observed for a 3 × 1 configuration, in order to achieve a 10(-3) BER value, as compared to a conventional Single Input Single output scheme.

2001 - Proceedings. 2001 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37252)
Maximal symbolwise diversity in non-orthogonal space-time block codes

The general structure of non-orthogonal space-time block codes with arbitrary rate and number of antennas is investigated. Design principles are introduced, which guarantee that the increase in rate does not compromise performance.

2002 - EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing
Differential Space-Time Block Code Modulation for DS-CDMA Systems

A differential space-time block code (DSTBC) modulation scheme is used to improve the performance of DS-CDMA systems in fast time-dispersive fading channels. The resulting scheme is referred to as the differential space-time block code modulation for DS-CDMA (DSTBC-CDMA) systems. The new modulation and demodulation schemes are especially studied for the down-link transmission of DS-CDMA systems. We present three demodulation schemes, referred to as the differential space-time block code Rake (D-Rake) receiver, differential space-time block code deterministic (D-Det) receiver, and differential space-time block code deterministic de-prefix (D-Det-DP) receiver, respectively. The D-Det receiver exploits the known information of the spreading sequences and their delayed paths deterministically besides the Rake type combination; consequently, it can outperform the D-Rake receiver, which employs the Rake type combination only. The D-Det-DP receiver avoids the effect of intersymbol interference and hence can offer better performance than the D-Det receiver.

2002
A design of quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes with full diversity

Space-time block codes from orthogonal designs proposed by Alamouti (1998), and Tarokh-Jafarkhani-Calderbank (1999) have attracted considerable attention lately due to their fast maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding and full diversity. However, the maximum symbol transmission rate of a space-time block code from complex orthogonal designs for complex constellations is only 3/4 for three and four transmit antennas. Jafarkhani (see IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.49, no.1, p.1-4, 2001), and Tirkkonen-Boariu-Hottinen (see ISSSTA 2000, p.429-32, September 2000) proposed space-time block codes from quasi-orthogonal designs, where the orthogonality is relaxed to provide higher symbol transmission rates. With the quasi-orthogonal structure, these codes still have a fast ML decoding, but do not have the full diversity. We design quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes with full diversity by properly choosing the signal constellations. In particular, we propose that half symbols in a quasi-orthogonal design are from a signal constellation A and another half of them are optimal selections from the rotated constellation e/sup j/spl phi///spl Ascr/. The optimal rotation angles /spl phi/ are obtained for some commonly used signal constellations. The resulting codes have both full diversity and fast ML decoding.

2008 - IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Optimal Diversity Performance of Space Time Block Codes in Correlated Distributed MIMO Channels

This paper investigates optimal transmission of space-time block codes (STBCs) in distributed multiple-input multiple-output (D-MIMO) Rayleigh fading channels. The optimal diversity performance is achieved through transmit power allocation implemented at the receiver based on transmit and receive correlations to minimize the average symbol error rate (SER). Evaluation of SER performance of uncoded STBCs over a generalized distributed antenna (DA) topology is first presented, with exact analytical SER expressions derived for MQAM and MPSK symbols. SER upper bounds are also derived, based on which two criteria for complexity reduced antenna subset selection with sub-optimal power allocation are further proposed, whose performance approaches optimal over correlated D-MIMO channels. Moreover, a novel simplified but close SER approximation scheme is devised to significantly facilitate optimal SER calculation. We continue to thoroughly analyze how the optimal diversity is affected by large scale fading, targeted data rate, antenna correlations and transmit power. Finally, we develop a surprisingly close and useful analogy between open loop STBCs in co-located MIMO and optimal STBCs in D-MIMO with minimum feedback (i.e., n bits for n DAs in Criterion 2 with power allocation scheme 2 which equally allocates power to the selected DAs). Extensive simulation results have been presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our analysis.

2012 - IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
Performance Analysis of Orthogonal Space-Time Block Code With Minimum-Selection Generalized Selection Combining Receiver Over Rayleigh Fading

An orthogonal space-time block code (OSTBC) with a minimum-selection generalized selection combining (MS-GSC) receiver is proposed and analyzed. The motivation behind the proposition of this scheme is a reduction in complexity and processing power at the receiver, compared with a conventional OSTBC system utilizing the maximum-ratio-combining receiver. In addition, it was shown that the OSTBC/MS-GSC can achieve similar performance, compared with the OSTBC/GSC with reduced processing when the predetermined threshold is optimized. In the analysis of this OSTBC/MS-GSC system over a Rayleigh-fading channel, the moment-generating function is presented, where it can be conveniently used to numerically compute the symbol error rate (SER). The average number of branches that is being selected for processing at the receiver is computed and compared. The analytical results are validated by the simulation results.

1999 - IEEE Trans. Commun.
Space-time codes for high data rate wireless communication: performance criteria in the presence of channel estimation errors, mobility, and multiple paths

Space-time coding is a bandwidth and power efficient method of communication over fading channels that realizes the benefits of multiple transmit antennas. Specific codes have been constructed using design criteria derived for quasi-static flat Rayleigh or Rician fading, where channel state information is available at the receiver. It is evident that the practicality of space-time codes will be greatly enhanced if the derived design criteria remain valid in the absence of perfect channel state information. It is even more desirable that the design criteria not be unduly sensitive to frequency selectivity and to the Doppler spread. This paper presents a theoretical study of these issues beginning with the effect of channel estimation error. Here it is assumed that a channel estimator extracts fade coefficients at the receiver and for constellations with constant energy, it is proved that in the absence of ideal channel state information the design criteria for space-time codes is still valid. The analysis also demonstrates that standard channel estimation techniques can be used in conjunction with space-time codes provided that the number of transmit antennas is small. We also derive the maximum-likelihood detection metric in the presence of channel estimation errors. Next, the effect of multiple paths on the performance of space-time codes is studied for a slowly changing Rayleigh channel. It is proved that the presence of multiple paths does not decrease the diversity order guaranteed by the design criteria used to construct the space-time codes. Similar results hold for rapid fading channels with or without multiple paths. The conclusion is that the diversity order promised by space-time coding is achieved under a variety of mobility conditions and environmental effects.

2005 - IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Application of quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes in beamforming

It is well known that when channel information is available at the transmitter, transmit beamforming scheme can be employed to enhance the performance of a multiple-antenna system. Recently, Jongren et al. and Zhou-Giannakis proposed a new performance criterion based on partial channel side information at the transmitter. With this criterion, an optimal beamforming matrix was constructed for the orthogonal space-time block codes. However, the same method has not been applied to the recently proposed quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes (QSTBCs) due to the nonorthogonal nature of the quasi-orthogonal designs. In this paper, the issue of combining beamforming with QSTBCs is addressed. Based on our asymptotic analysis, we extend the beamforming scheme from Jongren et al. and construct the beamforming matrices for the quasi-orthogonal designs. The proposed beamforming scheme accomplishes high transmission rate as well as high-order spatial diversity. The new QSTBC beamformer can be presented as a novel four-directional or eight-directional eigen-beamformer that works for systems with four or more transmit antennas. Simulations for systems with multiple transmit antennas demonstrate significant performance improvement over several other widely used beamforming methods at various SNRs and for channels with different quality of feedback.

2008 - Communications Technology
A New Full-diversity Space-time Block Code

In this paper,the inferential reasoning process of the space-time code design criteria is introduced in the frequency non-selective slow fading channels.Some performance analysis and comparison of several existing space-time codes are also done.Through reconstructing the DBOAST space-time block code,a new performance optimal space-time code called ABCD is proposed,in this case that there are 4 transmit antennas,which can achieve a rate of 2 symbols pcu and get full diversity.The new code combines the structure characteristics of Alamouti and Threaded Algebraic Space-Time(TAST) Block Codes.The simulation results show that the ABCD code provides larger second-order mutual information and thus is of a superior performance.

2008
On Fast-Decodable Space-Time Block Codes

In this paper, we focus on full-rate, fast-decodable space-time block codes (STBCs) for 2 x 2 and 4 x 2 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission. We first derive conditions for reduced-complexity maximum-likelihood decoding, and apply them to a unified analysis of two families of 2 x 2 STBCs that were recently proposed. In particular, we describe a reduced- complexity sphere decoding algorithm suitable for QAM signal constellations. Next, we derive a novel reduced-complexity 4 x 2 STBC, and show that it outperforms all previously known codes with certain constellations.

1999 - Conference Record of the Thirty-Third Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers (Cat. No.CH37020)
Combining transmit antenna weights and orthogonal space-time block codes by utilizing side information

Multiple transmit and receive antennas can be used in wireless systems to achieve high data rate communications. Previously, space-time codes have been developed that utilize some of the capacity available. These codes are developed under the assumption that the transmitter has no knowledge about the channel. However we consider the case when the transmitter has partial, but not perfect, knowledge about the channel and how to adjust the antenna weights at the transmitter. A criterion is derived that optimally determines the transmit antenna weights when well known orthogonal space-time block codes are used. Simulation results using eight transmit antennas are included to demonstrate the performance.

2004 - IEEE Transactions on Communications
Exact symbol-error probability analysis for orthogonal space-time block codes: two- and higher dimensional constellations cases

Exact expressions are obtained for the symbol-error probability of orthogonal space-time block codes at the output of the coherent maximum-likelihood decoder in the general case of arbitrary input signal constellation and code. Such expressions are derived for the cases of both deterministic (fixed) and random Rayleigh/Ricean fading channels, and both the two- and higher dimensional constellations.

2002 - 2002 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing
Performance analysis of space-time block codes in time-varying Rayleigh fading channels

In this paper, we provide the performance analysis of pilot symbol assisted modulation (PSAM) for transmit diversity with space-time block codes (STBC) in time-varying Rayleigh fading channels. For the performance evaluation, the average bit error rate of transmit diversity with STBC is derived when the channel estimation error exists. Using the result, the average BER in time-varying channels is evaluated when the PSAM is employed.

2009 - IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.
Performance Analysis of -PSK/ -QAM Modulated Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes in Keyhole Channels

It is known that the keyhole or pinhole effect can severely degrade the performance of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems. In this paper, the outage probability and error probability of orthogonal space-time block codes with m transmit and n receive antennas over keyhole fading channels are analyzed. Closed-form outage probability and symbol/bit error rate expressions are derived with M-ray phase-shift keying (M-PSK) and M-ray quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) signaling. It is found that the exact error probability expressions have two different forms for m = n and m ne n, respectively. Furthermore, when m ne n, approximate error rate expressions are derived at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), whereas there are no asymptotic expressions for m = n. Simulation results are provided to verify our analytical results.

2014 - IEEE Transactions on Communications
Spatially Modulated Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes with Non-Vanishing Determinants

This paper proposes a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission scheme for M-ary modulations, called Spatially Modulated Orthogonal Space-Time Block Coding (SM-OSTBC), based on the concept of Spatial Constellation (SC) codewords introduced by Le at el. . In the proposed scheme, transmit codeword matrices are generated by multiplying SC matrices with codewords constructed from Orthogonal Space-time Block Codes (O-STBC). The maximum spectral efficiency of the proposed scheme is equal to (n_T-2+ log_2 M) bpcu, where n_T is the number of transmit antennas and M is the modulation order. The SC matrices provide a means of carrying information bits together with the O-STBC codewords and allow the SM-OSTBC scheme to achieve second-order transmit diversity by satisfying the non-vanishing determinant property. A systematic method to design the SC codewords for an even number of transmit antennas greater than 3 is presented. A single-stream maximum-likelihood (ML) decoder, which requires a low computational complexity thanks to the structure of the SM-OSTBC codewords and to the orthogonality of the O-STBCs, and a sphere decoder with further reduced signal processing complexity are developed. The bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed scheme is studied by using both theoretical union bound analysis and computer simulations. Finally, simulation results are presented in order to compare BER performance, energy efficiency and decoding complexity of the proposed scheme with those of several existing MIMO transmission schemes.

Limited feedback unitary precoding for orthogonal space-time block codes

Robert W. Heath
|
David James Love
|
R. Heath
|
D. Love

Abstract:Orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBCs) are a class of easily decoded space-time codes that achieve full diversity order in Rayleigh fading channels. OSTBCs exist only for certain numbers of transmit antennas and do not provide array gain like diversity techniques that exploit transmit channel information. When channel state information is available at the transmitter, though, precoding the space-time codeword can be used to support different numbers of transmit antennas and to improve array gain. Unfortunately, transmitters in many wireless systems have no knowledge about current channel conditions. This motivates limited feedback precoding methods such as channel quantization or antenna subset selection. This paper investigates a limited feedback approach that uses a codebook of precoding matrices known a priori to both the transmitter and receiver. The receiver chooses a matrix from the codebook based on current channel conditions and conveys the optimal codebook matrix to the transmitter over an error-free, zero-delay feedback channel. A criterion for choosing the optimal precoding matrix in the codebook is proposed that relates directly to minimizing the probability of symbol error of the precoded system. Low average distortion codebooks are derived based on the optimal codeword selection criterion. The resulting design is found to relate to the famous applied mathematics problem of subspace packing in the Grassmann manifold. Codebooks designed by this method are proven to provide full diversity order in Rayleigh fading channels. Monte Carlo simulations show that limited feedback precoding performs better than antenna subset selection.

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引用
MIMO networking with imperfect channel state information
2007
Pre-coded Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes over MIMO Channel and its Analysis for Antenna Selection Technique
2014
Limited feedback for x-structured precoding in spatial-multiplexing MIMO systems
2013 9th International Conference on Information, Communications & Signal Processing
2013
Precoder design for distributed antenna systems based on channel angular domain information
2009 International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems
2009
IBI Cancellation Based on Limited Channel Feedback for OFDM Systems over Channels with Large Delay Spreads
GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference
2009
Multiple-Antenna Interference Cancellation and Detection for Two Users Using Quantized Feedback
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
2011
Using Quantized Feedback to Cancel Interference in Multiple Access Channels
2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM 2010
2010
Pre-processing optimization for IBI mitigation in an OFDM system over channels with large delay spreads
Phys. Commun.
2010
Static and Differential Quantization Codebook Design for MIMO Precoding Systems
IEEE GLOBECOM 2007 - IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference
2007
Optimal power control in MIMO systems with quantized feedback - [transactions papers]
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
2008
Distributed Beamforming in Wireless Multiuser Relay-Interference Networks With Quantized Feedback
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
2010
Feedback-aided selective subspace retransmission for outage-free spatial multiplexing
2007 6th International Conference on Information, Communications & Signal Processing
2007
Bit Allocation Schemes for MIMO Equal Gain Precoding
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
2011
Hybrid transmit waveform design based on beam-forming and orthogonal space-time block coding
Proceedings. (ICASSP '05). IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2005.
2004
Limited Feedback Design of MIMO Systems with Zero-forcing DFE Using Grassmann Codebooks
2007 10th Canadian Workshop on Information Theory (CWIT)
2007
A design framework for limited feedback MIMO systems with zero-forcing DFE
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
2008
Quantization Methods for Equal Gain Transmission With Finite Rate Feedback
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
2007
Multiple-Antenna Interference Cancellation and Detection for Two Users Using Precoders
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing
2009
Improved Diversity with Limited Feed back for more than two users
2012
Interference Cancellation Anddetection for More Than Two Users
2014