相关论文
2011 - Molecular Informatics
SketchSort: Fast All Pairs Similarity Search for Large Databases of Molecular Fingerprints

Similarity networks of ligands are often reported useful in predicting chemical activities and target proteins. However, the naive method of computing all pairwise similarities of chemical fingerprints takes quadratic time, which is prohibitive for large scale databases with millions of ligands. We propose a fast all pairs similarity search method, called SketchSort, that maps chemical fingerprints to symbol strings with random projections, and finds similar strings by multiple masked sorting. Due to random projection, SketchSort misses a certain fraction of neighbors (i.e., false negatives). Nevertheless, the expected fraction of false negatives is theoretically derived and can be kept under a very small value. Experiments show that SketchSort is much faster than other similarity search methods and enables us to obtain a PubChem‐scale similarity network quickly.

2016 - Procedia Technology
Vertical Integration and Service Orchestration for Modular Production Systems Using Business Process Models

Abstract Individualized production challenges established manufacturing approaches in terms of modularization, flexibility and efficient reconfiguration. Modular production systems with high flexibility, capable of interacting with products and humans, and vertically integrated with the business environment provide new possibilities for overcoming these challenges. Such flexible manufacturing approaches require seamless integration between all involved parties from the enterprise resource planning level down to the shop floor. Service-oriented architectures with standards geared towards automation claim to provide easier development and integration of modular production systems. However, in order to support the desired flexibility and integrability, a coherent modeling approach for manufacturing processes is required, in particular focusing on the orchestration between production tasks, resources, humans and services. To address these challenges, we introduce in this contribution a system-level approach for flexible manufacturing comprised of reconfigurable modular production cells, which can be easily composed into production lines. Reconfigurability is achieved through exchangeable process components, the use of lightweight robot manipulators as versatile handling subsystems as well as a cell control scheme based on executable business process models to allow runtime service orchestration. The systemic approach can be applied to realize a customer specific production down to lot size one and was validated in a vertically integrated production line manufacturing an industrial product with high variability. The resulting system has been exhibited at different trade fairs and demonstrates our interpretation of the SmartFactory paradigm for individualized production.

2008 - SOFSEM
Clustering-Based Similarity Search in Metric Spaces with Sparse Spatial Centers

Metric spaces are a very active research field which offers efficient methods for indexing and searching by similarity in large data sets. In this paper we present a new clustering-based method for similarity search called SSSTree. Its main characteristic is that the centers of each cluster are selected using Sparse Spatial Selection (SSS), a technique initially developed for the selection of pivots. SSS is able to adapt the set of selected points (pivots or cluster centers) to the intrinsic dimensionality of the space. Using SSS, the number of clusters in each node of the tree depends on the complexity of the subspace it represents. The space partition in each node will be made depending on that complexity, improving thus the performance of the search operation. In this paper we present this new method and provide experimental results showing that SSSTree performs better than previously proposed indexes.

2016 - Modellierung
On the de-facto Standard of Event-driven Process Chains: Reviewing EPC Implementations in Process Modelling Tools

Nowadays, most process modelling tools implement popular modelling languages such as the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) or the Event-driven Process Chain (EPC). However, in contrast to BPMN, no effort has yet been undertaken to standardize the EPC language, thus rendering EPCs as being merely a de-facto standard for business process modelling. Subsequently, this paper addresses this issue by laying ground for a successful EPC standardization. To achieve this task, several process modelling tools have been evaluated regarding their implementation of the EPC language with the objective to derive consensus about important language constructs. The evaluation reveals that there is a high degree of variety in the way tools implement EPCs. Especially syntax, semantic and pragmatic of the EPC language are not perceived homogenously and, in fact, commonly neglected. Hence, our research provides valuable implications for further EPC standardization by highlighting the state-of-the-art of the EPC from a software point of view.

2011 - BPMN
Towards a BPMN 2.0 Ontology

The Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) is a widely used standard for business process modelling and maintained by the Object Management Group (OMG). However, the BPMN 2.0 specification is quite comprehensive and spans more than 500 pages. The definition of an element is distributed across different sections and sometimes conflicting. In addition, the structure of the elements and their relationships are described within the metamodel, however, further syntactical rules are defined within the natural text. Therefore, this paper defines an ontology that formally represents the BPMN specification. This ontology is called the BPMN 2.0 Ontology and can be used as a knowledge base. The description of an element is combined within the corresponding class and further explanations are provided in annotations. This allows a much faster understanding of BPMN. In addition, the ontology is used as a syntax checker to validate concrete BPMN models.

2015 - Handbook on Business Process Management
Business Process Quality Management

Process modeling is a central element in any approach to Business Process Management (BPM). However, what hinders both practitioners and academics is the lack of support for assessing the quality of process models – let alone realizing high quality process models. Existing frameworks are highly conceptual or too general. At the same time, various techniques, tools, and research results are available that cover fragments of the issue at hand. This chapter presents the SIQ framework that on the one hand integrates concepts and guidelines from existing ones and on the other links these concepts to current research in the BPM domain. Three different types of quality are distinguished and for each of these levels concrete metrics, available tools, and guidelines will be provided. While the basis of the SIQ framework is thought to be rather robust, its external pointers can be updated with newer insights as they emerge.

2011 - ENASE
Improving Quality of Business Process Models

Business process improvement is a key aspect for organizational improvement. We focus the business process improvement in the first stage of process lifecycle, design stage, because it is a means to avoid the propagation of errors to later stages, in which their detection and correction may be more difficult. Since business process improvement is centered in business process models, a proposal of certain steps based on measurement activities on conceptual models (measurement, evaluation and redesign) is described. The application of these steps in business process models produces an increase of the quality of them. Quality is defined as the level of understandability and modifiability, subcharacteristics of the usability and maintainability in ISO 9126. The steps for model improvement have been applied to a real hospital business process model. The model was modified by following expert opinions and modeling guidelines, thus leading to the attainment of a higher-quality model. Our findings clearly support the practical utility of measurement activities for business process model improvement.

2003 - Business Process Management
Structuring Business Objectives: A Business Process Modeling Perspective

Business process modeling assists an enterprise to achieve strategic objectives by providing methodology and tools to develop integrated business process models, however there is little discussion on how to identify the strategic objectives or how process and functional objectives link to the strategic objectives. On the other hand, decision-modeling literature offers well-established techniques for identification of strategic objectives and associated objectives networks but lacks discussion of the processes and functions aimed at achieving these objectives. That neither discipline can provide business with an overall solution is the main problem addressed by this paper through development of a formalized model for linking the two sets of objectives. The resulting model is used to analyze the links between different types of objectives and as a basis for a practical implementation procedure for business modeling. Concepts discussed in the paper are illustrated within a Human Resources context.

2003 - DaWaK
Similarity Search in Structured Data

Recently, structured data is getting more and more important in database applications, such as molecular biology, image retrieval or XML document retrieval. Attributed graphs are a natural model for the structured data in those applications. For the clustering and classification of such structured data, a similarity measure for attributed graphs is necessary. All known similarity measures for attributed graphs are either limited to a special type of graph or computationally extremely complex, i.e. NP-complete, and are, therefore, unsuitable for data mining in large databases. In this paper, we present a new similarity measure for attributed graphs, called matching distance. We demonstrate, how the matching distance can be used for efficient similarity search in attributed graphs. Furthermore, we propose a filter-refinement architecture and an accompanying set of filter methods to reduce the number of necessary distance calculations during similarity search. Our experiments show that the matching distance is a meaningful similarity measure for attributed graphs and that it enables efficient clustering of structured data.

2011 - BIS
Framework for Business Process and Rule Integration: A Case of BPMN and SBVR

In the current heavily regulated business world, organisations struggle to establish a consistent view of their policies and operating procedures. These are generally captured through process modeling and business rule modeling, resulting in separate representations of rules and actual practice. The separation of the two models leads to increased risk of noncompliance, as well as reduced benefits from process improvement initiatives. So far, little guidance exists for organisations who struggle to consolidate their existing process models and business rules into one holistic model. In this paper we propose a preliminary framework that provides an overarching scope for the consolidation of existing business process models and business rule descriptions. The framework is supported by a collection of mapping methods (currently based on BPMN and SBVR) that assist business modelers in identifying inconsistencies between their existing business process models and business rule repositories, and thus helps to establish a coherent view of organizational policies and procedures.

2007 - Expert Syst. Appl.
Composition of executable business process models by combining business rules and process flows

Emergency of Web services has promoted a new paradigm of a business process which is called the Service-Oriented Business Process (SOBP). The SOBP uses Web services as an implementation platform for activities that belong to a business process, and is modeled with a Business Process Definition Language (BPDL). A de facto standard of BPDLs is the Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL4WS), but the BPEL4WS requires extra mechanisms to explicitly specify process states in a process model and to separate business rules from process flows. By specifying the states explicitly and separating the business rules, a SOBP gets abilities to rapidly monitor a process in execution time, to efficiently define state-dependent process behavior, to freely change the business rules without modification of the flow, and to firmly guarantee business security by hiding the rules. In order to explicitly specify the process states and to separate the business rules from the process flow, an approach to a state-driven specification of a business process is suggested in this paper. The suggested state-driven approach inserts process states into a process model using process units, and separates the business rules from the process flow by regarding the states as the milestones which indicate where the rules are separated. Because the suggested approach supports a composition of a BPEL4WS executable process by combining the business rules and the process flow, the suggested approach can be used as a complementary design method of a BPEL4WS process model, and not as a substitute method of the BPEL4WS model.

2010 - S-BPM ONE
BPM 2.0: Business Process Management Meets Empowerment

Traditional approaches for business process management assume that process models remain unchanged. However, businesses today have to adapt their business process models to new market changes instantaneously. Current methods for business process management approaches and their supporting information systems turn out to be too time-consuming and costly. This contribution suggests a new business process management concept (BPM 2.0) along with a corresponding software system that increase the flexibility of businesses by allowing employees to improve ”their” business processes. A case study at a large European construction firm critically examines the feasibility both of the concept as well as the software system.

2012 - SSDBM
Efficient Similarity Search in Very Large String Sets

String similarity search is required by many real-life applications, such as spell checking, data cleansing, fuzzy keyword search, or comparison of DNA sequences. Given a very large string set and a query string, the string similarity search problem is to efficiently find all strings in the string set that are similar to the query string. Similarity is defined using a similarity (or distance) measure, such as edit distance or Hamming distance. In this paper, we introduce the State Set Index (SSI) as an efficient solution for this search problem. SSI is based on a trie (prefix index) that is interpreted as a nondeterministic finite automaton. SSI implements a novel state labeling strategy making the index highly space-efficient. Furthermore, SSI's space consumption can be gracefully traded against search time. We evaluated SSI on different sets of person names with up to 170 million strings from a social network and compared it to other state-of-the-art methods. We show that in the majority of cases, SSI is significantly faster than other tools and requires less index space.

2013 - ECIS
Towards A Minimal Cost Of Change Approach For Inductive Reference Model Development

Business Process Management (BPM) has advanced to be one of the most intensely discussed topics in Information Systems (IS) research. Based on the growing maturity of its concepts, methods and techniques BPM has, furthermore, gained tremendous importance in organizational practice. More and more organizations develop and use individual business process models as a fundament for their operations. As the development of individual business process models is a complex and expensive endeavour, organisations aim at reusing and adapting already existing business process models, so called reference models. However, so far only a limited amount of reference models for selected domains exist, which makes the development of new and reliable reference models a highly relevant issue. In this contribution, we present a new heuristic approach for the inductive development of reference process models based on existing individual process models. Our approach focuses on minimal cost of change (MCC) (based on minimal graph edit distance) when adapting the developed reference model to match the underlying individual process models. Furthermore, an according software prototype supporting automated inductive reference model development is presented as a proof of concept. Finally, our approach is compared to other state of the art approaches in this field in order to qualitatively evaluate its feasibility and usefulness.

2019 - Trans. Petri Nets Other Model. Concurr.
Evaluating Conformance Measures in Process Mining using Conformance Propositions (Extended version)

Process mining sheds new light on the relationship between process models and real-life processes. Process discovery can be used to learn process models from event logs. Conformance checking is concerned with quantifying the quality of a business process model in relation to event data that was logged during the execution of the business process. There exist different categories of conformance measures. Recall, also called fitness, is concerned with quantifying how much of the behavior that was observed in the event log fits the process model. Precision is concerned with quantifying how much behavior a process model allows for that was never observed in the event log. Generalization is concerned with quantifying how well a process model generalizes to behavior that is possible in the business process but was never observed in the event log. Many recall, precision, and generalization measures have been developed throughout the years, but they are often defined in an ad-hoc manner without formally defining the desired properties up front. To address these problems, we formulate 21 conformance propositions and we use these propositions to evaluate current and existing conformance measures. The goal is to trigger a discussion by clearly formulating the challenges and requirements (rather than proposing new measures). Additionally, this paper serves as an overview of the conformance checking measures that are available in the process mining area.

2011 - Expert Syst. Appl.
APROMORE: An advanced process model repository

Business process models are becoming available in large numbers due to their widespread use in many industrial applications such as enterprise and quality engineering projects. On the one hand, this raises a challenge as to their proper management: how can it be ensured that the proper process model is always available to the interested stakeholder? On the other hand, the richness of a large set of process models also offers opportunities, for example with respect to the re-use of existing model parts for new models. This paper describes the functionality and architecture of an advanced process model repository, named APROMORE. This tool brings together a rich set of features for the analysis, management and usage of large sets of process models, drawing from state-of-the art research in the field of process modeling. A prototype of the platform is presented in this paper, demonstrating its feasibility, as well as an outlook on the further development of APROMORE.

2012 - CAiSE Workshops
Towards Gesture-Based Process Modeling on Multi-touch Devices

Contemporary tools for business process modeling use menu-based interfaces for visualizing process models and interacting with them. However, pure menu-based interactions have been optimized for applications running on desktop computers and are limited regarding their use on multi-touch devices. At the same time, the increasing distribution of mobile devices in business life as well as their multi-touch capabilities offer promising perspectives for intuitively defining and adapting business process models. Additionally, multi-touch tables could improve collaborative business process modeling based on natural gestures and interactions. In this paper we present the results of an experiment in which we investigate the way users model business processes with multi-touch devices. Furthermore, a core gesture set is suggested enabling the easy definition and adaption of business process models on these devices. Overall, gesture-based process modeling and multi-touch devices allow for new ways of (collaborative) business process modeling.

2016 - IEEE Software
Learning from Quality Issues of BPMN Models from Industry

Many organizations use business process models to document business operations and formalize business requirements in software-engineering projects. The Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), a specification by the Object Management Group, has evolved into the leading standard for process modeling. One challenge is BPMN's complexity: it offers a huge variety of elements and often several representational choices for the same semantics. This raises the question of how well modelers can deal with these choices. Empirical insights into BPMN use from the practitioners' perspective are still missing. To close this gap, researchers analyzed 585 BPMN 2.0 process models from six companies. They found that split and join representations, message flow, the lack of proper model decomposition, and labeling related to quality issues. They give five specific recommendations on how to avoid these issues.

2012 - Inf. Syst.
On the refactoring of activity labels in business process models

Large corporations increasingly utilize business process models for documenting and redesigning their operations. The extent of such modeling initiatives with several hundred models and dozens of often hardly trained modelers calls for automated quality assurance. While formal properties of control flow can easily be checked by existing tools, there is a notable gap for checking the quality of the textual content of models, in particular, its activity labels. In this paper, we address the problem of activity label quality in business process models. We designed a technique for the recognition of labeling styles, and the automatic refactoring of labels with quality issues. More specifically, we developed a parsing algorithm that is able to deal with the shortness of activity labels, which integrates natural language tools like WordNet and the Stanford Parser. Using three business process model collections from practice with differing labeling style distributions, we demonstrate the applicability of our technique. In comparison to a straightforward application of standard natural language tools, our technique provides much more stable results. As an outcome, the technique shifts the boundary of process model quality issues that can be checked automatically from syntactic to semantic aspects.

2012 - Comput. Stand. Interfaces
BPMN: An introduction to the standard

Abstract The Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) is the de-facto standard for representing in a very expressive graphical way the processes occurring in virtually every kind of organization one can think of, from cuisine recipes to the Nobel Prize assignment process, incident management, e-mail voting systems, travel booking procedures, to name a few. In this work, we give an overview of BPMN and we present what are the links with other well-known machineries such as BPEL and XPDL. We give an assessment of how the OMG's BPMN standard is perceived and used by practitioners in everyday business process modeling chores.

Graph Matching Algorithms for Business Process Model Similarity Search

Remco M. Dijkman
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Marlon Dumas
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Luciano García-Bañuelos
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R. Dijkman
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M. Dumas
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L. García-Bañuelos
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Luciano García-Bañuelos

Abstract:We investigate the problem of ranking all process models in a repository according to their similarity with respect to a given process model. We focus specifically on the application of graph matching algorithms to this similarity search problem. Since the corresponding graph matching problem is NP-complete, we seek to find a compromise between computational complexity and quality of the computed ranking. Using a repository of 100 process models, we evaluate four graph matching algorithms, ranging from a greedy one to a relatively exhaustive one. The results show that the mean average precision obtained by a fast greedy algorithm is close to that obtained with the most exhaustive algorithm.

摘要：我们研究了根据存储库中所有流程模型相对于给定流程模型的相似度对它们进行排序的问题。我们特别关注图匹配算法在这一相似性搜索问题中的应用。由于相应的图匹配问题是NP-完全问题，我们寻求在计算复杂性和计算排序质量之间找到折衷。使用一个包含100个流程模型的知识库，我们评估了四种图匹配算法，从贪婪算法到相对穷举的算法。结果表明，快速贪婪算法得到的平均精度与最穷举算法接近。

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引用
Business Modeling and Software Design: 10th International Symposium, BMSD 2020, Berlin, Germany, July 6-8, 2020, Proceedings
BMSD
2020
Discovering mapping between artifact-centric business process models and execution logs
2011
Semantic Model Alignment for Business Process Integration
2014
Process Mining: Towards Comparability of Healthcare Processes
ITBAM
2016
Vectorial Signature for Matching Business Process Graphs
2014 International Conference on Advanced Networking Distributed Systems and Applications
2014
An Automated Approach for Assisting the Design of Configurable Process Models
IEEE Transactions on Services Computing
2015
m3 - A Behavioral Similarity Metric for Business Processes
ZEUS
2011
Evaluation Measures for Similarity Search Results in Process Model Repositories
ER
2012
Similarity Search for Scientific Workflows
Proc. VLDB Endow.
2014
Behavioral Similarity - A Proper Metric
BPM
2011
Semantic Process Fragments Matching to Assist the Development of Process Variants
2015 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing
2015
Complex mapping discovery for semantic process model alignment
iiWAS
2010
Process Model Storage Solutions: Proposition and Evaluation
AP-BPM
2013
Enabling effective workflow model reuse: A data-centric approach
Decis. Support Syst.
2017
Breadth First Search Sequence based Method for Efficient Process Retrieval
2014
A Linguistic Graph-Based Approach for Web News Sentence Searching
DEXA
2013
The Impact of Change Task Type on Maintainability of Process Models
2010
The Impact of Sequential and Circumstantial Changes on Process Models
ER-POIS@CAiSE
2010
An empirical evaluation of process mining algorithms based on structural and behavioral similarities
SAC '12
2012
Efficient Selection of Process Mining Algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Services Computing
2013