论文信息 - Understanding it adoption decisions in small business: integrating current theories

2010

An empirical study on the applicability of an augmented technology acceptance model in the context of e-government initiatives in the Hong Kong special administrative region government

The success of the Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region's (HKSARG) e-government initiatives is dependent on the government employees' acceptance and use of the underpinning information, internet and communication technologies (IT). Unfortunately, only a few empirical researches have been conducted to investigate the drivers of IT usage in government workplaces.To predict IT usage, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) has been tested and demonstrated its predictive power in various contexts. But it does not provide guidance to managers because Davis grouped the antecedents to the TAM constructs as "external factors" so as to focus on the main part of the model and to keep it robust. Hence, these factors are the ultimate drivers that determine the users' behaviors.This research aims to improve the explanatory power of TAM by identifying and including resistance to change (RTC) as a relevant external factor with the assistance from Max Weber's Theory of Bureaucracy (TB). To test the augmented TAM, an email questionnaire survey to 700 randomly selected HKSARG IT users was conducted. Additional information was gathered from senior management to validate the survey results. The results show that the IT users in HKSARG are not valuing usefulness and ease of use of IT in the same manner as employees in most other contexts. In addition, the results confirm that RTC is a relevant and strong external variable to TAM. In line with theories, HKSARG employees, as a whole, tend to have above average level of resistance to change. But statistical test results also revealed that there are heterogeneous behavioural groups within HKSARG. Specifically, younger or more educated users are more willing to change. The existence of these groups has both practical and managerial implications for implementing change.In particular, it is argued that the government should not be viewed and understood monolithically. A better strategy for management to implement change is to target the younger or more educated users first for piloting and to build up sufficient user mass and exert peer pressure to older or less educated users for a more successful implementation of IT across all staff. Because of the weaknesses of the established policies, the HKSARG has an undesirable structural composition (high percentage of older and less educated employees) in the face of change. To tackle the high level of resistance to change, it is suggested that continuous training is a must. Moreover, the training packages should be tailor-made for various groups in the civil service to suit their specific needs and to enhance their capabilities. In the long term, it is recommended that the human resources management policies should be reviewed and modified with an aim to adjust the structural composition of the civil service toward a more change ready workforce. In addition, more research on the characteristics of the public sector is required for a better understanding of the real nature of these large bureaucratic organizations.

2003 - Information Systems Perspectives and Challenges in the Context of Globalization

Innovation Theories in Retrospect: The Case of Electronic Commerce Adoption in Small Business in New Zealand

A review of the technological innovation adoption literature on small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) provides useful insights into factors influencing innovation adoption but points to the need to introduce more determinants of innovation adoption to SMEs research. This research is interested in identifying these factors and hence, introducing more potential determinants to electronic commerce (EC) adoption research in SMEs. Therefore, this research attempts to extend the technological innovation theories to EC adoption research in SMEs by identifying potential constructs and factors from these theories and then checking their face validity using three case studies in New Zealand. This research endeavours to shortlist and discuss the most important determinants of EC adoption and to eliminate the least relevant ones.

2014

UNIVERSITY STAFF ADOPTION OF IPADS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY USING AN EXTENDED TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL

The adoption of iPads in the university sector has been widespread, with attention predominantly being directed to students’ adoption and use of iPads. However, there is a lack of empirical research which has critically examined the key factors influencing university staff adoption of iPads. The main objective of this research is to empirically examine key factors influencing adoption of iPads by university staff. An online survey was used to collect quantitative data to validate the measurement model and test hypothesised relationships in an extended TAM. The findings from the results of the data analyses show that university staff consider iPads to be easy to use and useful, with a high level of compatibility with their work. Social status had no influence on the attitude of university staff to using an iPad in their workplace. However, older university staff and/or university staff with no previous experience in using a similar technology such as an iPhone or smartphone found iPads less easy to use. Furthermore, a lack of formal university ICT support for end-users impacted negatively on the use of iPads by university staff. This research contributes to theory by validating and establishing support for an extended TAM which is contextualized for iPad adoption by university staff. This model has practical application because it is generalisable for a range of mobile computing devices and can be used to evaluate the adoption and use of mobile computing devices in a range of industries beyond the university sector.

2001 - The Indonesian Journal of Accounting Research

Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) dan Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), Apikasinya dalam Penggunaan Software Audit oleh Auditor

This research intends to reveal factors that influence the audit software usage of the auditor. The models that used to explain audit software usage are technology acceptance model (TAM) and theory of planned behavior (TPB). This research uses auditor as a unit analysis. Statistical tool that used in this research is Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) . Data are analyzed by using statistical software LISREL 8.30. This research prove that software characteristic is the greatly factor that determine audit software acceptance followed by organizational characteristic factor. Moreover this research also prove that software audit acceptance act as the factor that influence audit software usage. Eventhough it is not the only factor, there is not enough evidence to refute this hypothesis.

2020 - Future Internet

Commonly Used External TAM Variables in e-Learning, Agriculture and Virtual Reality Applications

In recent years information and communication technologies (ICT) have played a significant role in all aspects of modern society and have impacted socioeconomic development in sectors such as education, administration, business, medical care and agriculture. The benefits of such technologies in agriculture can be appreciated only if farmers use them. In order to predict and evaluate the adoption of these new technological tools, the technology acceptance model (TAM) can be a valid aid. This paper identifies the most commonly used external variables in e-learning, agriculture and virtual reality applications for further validation in an e-learning tool designed for EU farmers and agricultural entrepreneurs. Starting from a literature review of the technology acceptance model, the analysis based on Quality Function Deployment (QFD) shows that computer self-efficacy, individual innovativeness, computer anxiety, perceived enjoyment, social norm, content and system quality, experience and facilitating conditions are the most common determinants addressing technology acceptance. Furthermore, findings evidenced that the external variables have a different impact on the two main beliefs of the TAM Model, Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU). This study is expected to bring theoretical support for academics when determining the variables to be included in TAM extensions.

2012

Adoption of technologically-based innovations: the neglected role of bounded rationality

The purpose of this research is to examine the possibility of distinguishing between adopters and nonadopters when conceptualizing the drivers of the decision to adopt technologically based innovations. A second research objective is to examine factorial validity through the assessment of the explanatory power of the investigated conceptualization. In the pursuit of these objectives, the theory of bounded rationality represents the underlying theoretical framework, and Internet banking (IB) represents the nomological framework, in which two alternative conceptualizations, one for IB adopters and a second for nonadopters, are considered. “Intention to adopt” and “adoption” are the criterion variables, respectively. To meet the objectives of the study, two different populations are examined: adopters of IB and nonadopters. The former was used to examine the hypothesized framework for predictive validity against actual adoption; the latter was used to examine the predictive validity regarding intention to adopt. To collect data from IB adopters, the four leading banks, which account for approximately 73% of adopters, agreed to place a link to a Web-based questionnaire at the log-in page of their IB system inviting customers to participate in the study. Through this process, 858 useable questionnaires were produced. To reach the nonadopters population, a convenience sample of executive M.B.A. students from two leading Greek universities was employed. Respondents from this sample were screened to ensure that they had never used IB. This process yielded 418 useable questionnaires from the nonadopters population. A major finding from this investigation is that the decision to adopt improves the understanding of adopters regarding the benefits delivered by an innovation. Consequently, they hold a precise, less ambiguous perception of how specific innovation attributes translate into benefits. Hence, when recalling the decision process through which they adopted an innovation, adopters relate specific innovation attributes, including specific benefits received. This situation is displayed in the ability of a direct, first-order model to capture the relationships between specific innovation attributes and the adoption decision. In contrast, nonadopters, having no direct experience with the innovation, lack this familiarity. They require a significantly greater amount of information in order to associate innovation attributes with potential benefits. The intangibility of technologically based service innovation further increases a nonadopter's need for information. However, this increased need for information renders nonadopters subject to cognitive strain, which causes them to aggregate innovation attributes into more abstract constructs. That aggregation was displayed in the ability of a second-order model to capture the relationships between specific innovation attributes and the nonadopters' intention to adopt the innovation in the future. In both occasions though, the instrumental drivers of adoption represent the most powerful explicators of the adoption decision. From a practitioner's perspective, this study shows that managers can structure the content of their communication to facilitate the rise of societal drivers, but they should avoid relying on such elements to quicken the pace of the adoption rate. Rather, at the core of communication campaigns, practitioners should place brief and clear claims demonstrating the instrumental arguments in favor of the adoption decision.

2001 - ICIS

The Role of Personal Innovativeness and Self-Efficacy in Information Technology Acceptance: An Extension of TAM with Notions of Risk

Several research efforts over the last decade have attempted to augment the basic technology acceptance model (TAM) by identifying and testing determinants of the two key predictor beliefs of the model—perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use—and by identifying other extraneous variables that moderate various model relationships. This research is an attempt in the same direction. It addresses some key gaps and inconsistent findings in the TAM literature to further contribute to the refinement of TAM. In this endeavor, this research draws from social cognitive theory (SCT), computer self-efficacy (CSE), technology acceptance model (TAM), and the risk management literature to develop an extended TAM that includes new relationships between the model constructs and personal innovativeness and general and specific computer self-efficacy. The research will be conducted as a survey in the context of the personal digital assistant (PDA) technology.

2011 - Int. J. E Entrepreneurship Innov.

Mobile Banking Innovations and Entrepreneurial Adoption Decisions

This paper examines an individual’s entrepreneurial adoption decisions to use mobile banking for both business and social reasons. A conceptual model based on social cognitive theory is developed to explain an individual’s propensity to adopt mobile banking. The theoretical framework examines how advertising, experience, perceived risk, learning inclination, and entrepreneurial proclivity influence a person’s intention to use mobile banking. This paper stresses the role of financial risk in determining a person’s intention to use mobile banking and whether their entrepreneurial nature is influenced by their experience and advertising they are subjected to about the advantages or disadvantages of mobile banking. This paper ties together research on technological innovation with entrepreneurship and learning studies. The author stresses the importance for financial institutions to market the innovativeness of mobile banking whilst addressing security concerns. The impact of a person’s social environment through personal contacts and acquaintances underpins social cognitive theory and helps to understand the motives for a person adopting mobile banking. The paper integrates mobile banking literature with current thinking on the importance of entrepreneurship and learning influences to how a person adopts a technological innovation.

2020 - Comput. Hum. Behav.

Network Path Analysis for developing an enhanced TAM model: A user-centric e-learning perspective

Abstract The substantial use of Internet technologies for training and learning purposes of organisations has created a need to comprehend how various user-centric involvements can impact the recognized determinants of Information Technology design, acceptance and usage. This paper focuses at building a user centric framework for e-learning technologies, incorporating the constructs of security, privacy and trust with the proposal of a Network Path Analysis (NPA) algorithm. The existing Technology Acceptance Models (TAM) models are concerned with general e-commerce and retailing solutions alone. An enhanced version of the TAM model for the user-centric framework design of e-learning solutions is developed in this paper. An NPA algorithm focussing on the confirmatory data analysis of the dataset is developed to generate network models among the variables in e-learning solutions. User centric attributes, like Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Trust, Perceived Security, Perceived Privacy, Information Quality, Behavioral Intention to Use the System and Actual System Use are measured and analysed to create the enhanced model.

2008 - Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing

Restaurant Employees' Technology Use Intention: Validating Technology Acceptance Model with External Factors

ABSTRACT The study aims to examine if the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) works for restaurant operations using computing systems. In addition, we pursued other external variables, which were not included in the original TAM, to see how they affect perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and intention to use. The external factors were user characteristics, system quality and organizational support. The survey collected data from restaurants in Kentucky, and the response rate was 25% based on the total contacts eligible. SPSS 15.0 and AMOS 7.0 were used for the data analysis. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was the primary analysis used to examine the proposed hypotheses developed in fulfilling the study objectives. The SEM statistics supported all the proposed hypotheses but one. The SEM results were interpreted relative to industry implications.

2010

Reconceptualising Motivation in Adoption and Acceptance Research: Back to Basics

In the adoption and acceptance of technology, the technology acceptance model (TAM) has been a dominant influence. TAM, however, simplifies and trivialises the concept of motivation, (a concept not well developed and used in the IS field) by failing to recognise the fundamental needs influencing behaviour. This, in turn, restricts its use to design and use interventions to enhance adoption and use within an ICT-enabled organisational change project. Given this, this paper will re-conceptualise the concept of motivation by exploring the inner or intrinsic motivation influencing behaviour and will indicate how this motivation underlies the TAM variables. Further, using the concept of participative management we will explore how various organisational interventions might be designed to enhance user motivation to adopt and use a new system. Finally, these interventions are applied to an ongoing action research study to improve the success of implementing a document management system within a non-profit organisation.

2016 - HCI

TAM Reloaded: A Technology Acceptance Model for Human-Robot Cooperation in Production Systems

The cooperation and collaboration between humans and robots is getting ever closer: While the human body was historically protected by a large safety distance, more and more organizations let robots and humans work hand-in-hand. This means that humans and robots are sharing physical space and are engaging in direct contact with each other. One factor that predicts successful human-robot interaction is the acceptance of the robot by the human. In general, only when a product covers human needs and expectations, it is perceived to be useful and hence accepted. This paper aims at presenting an acceptance model with regard to the cooperation between humans and robots that is based on prior acceptance models while also taking ethical, legal and social implications (ELSI) into account.

2010 - Journal of Applied Sciences

Prediction of User Acceptance and Adoption of Smart Phone for Learning with Technology Acceptance Model

This study examines how the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) can be used as a practical tool for early user acceptance and adoption of testing mobile communication devices for learning by evaluating the relationships among perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude towards using, behavioural intentions to use and actual use. In the study, 60 potential users were presented with an introductory demonstration of smart phone for a digital systems course. Following the demonstration, data on user perceptions and attitudes about smart phones were gathered based on this initial exposure. Subjects with prior experience using the smart phones were eliminated from further analysis resulting in a final sample of 40 users. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to assess the overall model and influence of each variable of interest in determining actual use of smart phone. The analysis showed that both the user perceptions and attitudes have significant positive effects on behavioural intention and actual use of smart phone. Implications of these findings for practice and research are examined.

2011 - 2011 IEEE 4th International Conference on Cloud Computing

MADMAC: Multiple Attribute Decision Methodology for Adoption of Clouds

Cloud Adoption decisions tend to involve multiple, conflicting criteria (attributes) with incommensurable units of measurements, which must be compared among multiple alternatives using imprecise and incomplete available information. Multi-attribute Decision Making (MADM) has been shown to provide a rational basis to aid decision making in such scenarios. We present a MADMAC framework for cloud adoption, consisting of 3 Decision Areas (DA) referred to as the Cloud Switch, Cloud Type and Vendor Choice. It requires the definition of Attributes, Alternatives and Attribute Weights, to construct a Decision Matrix and arrive at a relative ranking to identify the optimal alternative. We also present a taxonomy organized in a two level hierarchy: Server-centric clouds, Client-centric clouds and Mobile-centric clouds, which further map to detailed, specific applications or workloads. DSS presented showing algorithms derived from MADMAC can compute and optimize CA decisions separately for the three stages, where the attributes differently influence CA decisions. A modified Wide-band Delphi method is proposed for assessing the relative weights for each attribute, by workload. Relative ranks are calculated using these weights, and the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method is used to generate value functions for all the alternatives, and rank the alternatives by their value to finally choose the best alternative. Results from application of the method to four different types of workloads show that the method converges on reasonable cloud adoption decisions. MADMAC's key advantage is its fully quantitative and iterative convergence approach based on proven multi-attribute decision methods, which enables decision makers to comparatively assess the relative robustness of alternative cloud adoption decisions in a defensible manner. Being amenable to automation, it can respond well to even complex arrays of decision criteria inputs, unlike human decision makers. It can be implemented as a web-based DSS to readily support cloud decision making world-wide, and improved further using fuzzy TOPSIS methods, to address concerns about preferential inter-dependence of attributes, insufficient input data or judgment expertise.

2006 - Electron. Commer. Res. Appl.

B2B e-commerce adoption decisions in Taiwan: The interaction of cultural and other institutional factors

Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce has become an important initiative among firms in the last few years. This study is based on data derived from over 20 interviews with CEOs, CIOs, and MIS managers in electronics and textile companies in Taiwan. This study contributes to existing literature by describing the degree to which various organizational, industrial, governmental and cultural factors influence B2B e-commerce adoption decisions in Taiwan. It is one of the first studies investigating the interaction of B2B e-commerce adoption decision factors and provides insights into the impact of Chinese culture on B2B adoption. Results indicate that organizational, industrial, governmental, and cultural factors do indeed influence B2B e-commerce adoption decisions. In addition, the nature of the cultural influence is dictated by industry conditions.

2012 - International Journal of Computing

Application of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in M-Banking Adoption in Kenya

Mobile phones with Mobile Commerce technology are becoming more readily available in Kenya. Similarly many financial institutions and mobile phone service providers are teaming up to provide banking services to customers via the mobile phone. However the number of people who choose to adopt or use such technologies is still relatively low. Therefore there is need to assess the acceptance of such technologies to establish factors that hinder or promote their acceptance. This study applied Technology Acceptance Model to examine the factors that influence the adoption of M-banking in Kenya. The study specifically focused on the evaluation of MKesho, an M-banking application in Kenya. A survey was conducted to gather data which was coded in SPSS 16. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to analyze the data and Structural Equation Modeling using Analysis of Moment Structures was used to validate the research model. Out of a total of 450 questionnaires distributed to M-Kesho users, 395 were returned and validated. The analysis revealed that Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Self Efficacy and Perceived Credibility significantly influenced customers‘ attitude towards usage of M-banking. The results of the data analysis contributes to the body of knowledge by demonstrating that the above factors are critical in attitude towards usage of M-banking in a developing country context. The implications of the results form a good basis for providing practical recommendations to the banking industry, and directions for further work.

2010 - The International Journal of Business and Management

Factors Affecting the Adoption of Online Banking An Integration of Technology Acceptance Model and Theory of Planned Behavior

Online banking has emerged as one of the most profitable e-commerce applications over the last decade. This study investigates which factors affect the adoption of Online banking in Isfahan province of Iran. We developed a theoretical model based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with theory of planned behavior (TPB) model. We designed a questionnaire and used it to survey a randomly selected sample of customers of national bank of Iran. A total of 500 pieces of questionnaire papers are given out to the community randomly. However those questionnaires that not fill in properly and completely have been taken out. Hence, the actual sample used for the study is 349 respondents. We analyzed the data using Structured Equation Modeling (SEM) to evaluate the strength of the hypothesized relationships; the results provide support of the integrated TAM and TPB models and confirm its robustness in predicting customers' intention of adoption of online banking. The results indicated that the intention to use online banking is positively affected mainly by perceived behavioral control and perceived usefulness.

2014 - Inf. Manag.

The adoption of software measures: A technology acceptance model (TAM) perspective

The use of software measures for project management and software process improvement has been encouraged for many years. However, the low level of acceptance and use of software measures in practice has been a constant concern. In this paper we propose and test a model which explains and predicts the use of software measures. The model is based on the technology acceptance model (TAM) and operationalizes the perceived usefulness construct according to the ''desirable properties of software measures.'' Our research provides guidance for software engineers in selecting among different software measures and for software metrics coordinators who are planning measurement programs.

2010 - Journal of biomedical informatics

The Technology Acceptance Model: Its past and its future in health care

Increasing interest in end users' reactions to health information technology (IT) has elevated the importance of theories that predict and explain health IT acceptance and use. This paper reviews the application of one such theory, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), to health care. We reviewed 16 data sets analyzed in over 20 studies of clinicians using health IT for patient care. Studies differed greatly in samples and settings, health ITs studied, research models, relationships tested, and construct operationalization. Certain TAM relationships were consistently found to be significant, whereas others were inconsistent. Several key relationships were infrequently assessed. Findings show that TAM predicts a substantial portion of the use or acceptance of health IT, but that the theory may benefit from several additions and modifications. Aside from improved study quality, standardization, and theoretically motivated additions to the model, an important future direction for TAM is to adapt the model specifically to the health care context, using beliefs elicitation methods.

1991 - Inf. Syst. Res.

Predicting User Intentions: Comparing the Technology Acceptance Model with the Theory of Planned Behavior

Information systems IS cannot be effective unless they are used. However, people sometimes do not use systems that could potentially increase their performance. This study compares two models that predict an individual's intention to use an IS: the technology acceptance model TAM and the theory of planned behavior TPB. The comparison was designed to be as fair as possible, not favoring one model over the other. Both TAM and TPB predicted intention to use an IS quite well, with TAM having a slight empirical advantage. TAM is easier to apply, but only supplies very general information on users' opinions about a system. TPB provides more specific information that can better guide development.

Understanding it adoption decisions in small business: integrating current theories

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The electronic word of mouth as a context variable in the hotel management decision-making process

Introducing basic systematic requirements engineering practices in small organizations with an easy to adopt method

An empirical test of three mediation models for the relationship between personal innovativeness and user acceptance of technology

Virtual Community Practices and Social Interactive Media: Technology Lifecycle and Workflow Analysis

The dynamics of trust in B2C e-commerce: a research model and agenda

Factor Analysis of E-commerce Adoption Benefits: A Case of Egyptian Travel Agents