 Abstract—The overall aim of this study is to examine the community perceptions and attitudes towards the use of the telecentre in Bario, Sarawak, Malaysia. A qualitative research approach was chosen as it offered an avenue to investigate perceptions, attitudes and motivations. In-depth interviews were conducted, using a structured questionnaire, to collect qualitative data from local community persons (including telecentre users and non-users) in Bario. A total of 20 people were interviewed. The study was conducted in June 2012. The study revealed that a significant number of the respondents did not currently use the telecentre, due to, inter alia, the presence of alternative internet access methods, the perceived high cost of using the telentre and slow/problematic internet connection at the telecentre. General opinion of the telecentre is positive, in that it is a communication tool for personal and business matters. In terms of perceived ease of use, the telecentre is not considered difficult to use; however very few respondents exhibited enjoyment in its use, citing that it was only a means to an end. Respondents perceived the telecentre to be useful overall, and some of those who were not able to use ICT or the telecentre nevertheless perceived that it had a business value to them. As this study is qualitative in nature, the sample size is considered small; hence, the generalisability of the research may be affected. Extension of the research findings using quantitative methods would prove beneficial for the validation of the findings. This is a first baseline study on communities' attitudes towards the telecentre more than a decade after the said telecentre was set up. The findings will be relevant to future studies of community-based ICT initiatives and the broader areas of information-seeking, information-seeking behaviour, and user needs.

 Abstract—Social networks (SNs) are growing rapidly as leading technologies for education and learning platform. They have the potential to create new contents and opportunities that increase student's motivation for learning. However,to have an effective implementation and adoption for such technologies,there is a need to identify factors influence the students' acceptance of such technologies as new learning tools. By relying on the Technology Acceptance Model - TAM model which focuses on perceived usefulness and perceive ease of use as well as behavior intention toward using new technology was used to examine the student's behavior intention toward using SNs as learning tools at University of Bahrain. A quantitative research approach was conducted using survey method.Data were collected from a sample of undergraduate students from Information Systems at the University of Bahrain. PLS was conducted to test the predictive power of the proposed factors of the research model. The study confirmed that perceived usefulness and perceived ease are vital factors for predicting the students' behavioral intention to use social networks as learning tools. Both factors have shown a direct impact on thestudents' behavioral intention. In addition, they were act as moderators for the impact of many factors such as computer self-efficacy, perceived enjoyment and perceived mobility value on the behavioral intention.

국내에서 모바일 기기와 모바일 인터넷의 광범위한 사용을 고려하면, 모바일 커머스 사이트에서의 만족도 와 실제구매에 영향을 미치는 요인을 밝혀내는 것은 중요하다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 1) 모바일 커머스 사 이트에서의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 변수와 2) 모바일 커머스에서의 구매자와 비구매자를 구분하는 결정변 수를 알아보았다. 이 두 가지 종속변수에 영향을 미칠 것으로 기대되는 독립변수로 기술수용모델 (TAM; Technology Acceptance Model), 지각된 쇼핑 가치 (perceived shopping values), 상호작용성 (interactivity)에서 제안된 변수들을 포함하였다. 본 연구 결과에 따르면, 모바일 커머스 사이트의 성능 (지 각된 사용의 용이성 및 유용성, 속도, 풍부한 콘텐츠, 맥락적 서비스)이 모바일 커머스 사이트에서의 만족도 에 영향을 미쳤다. 반면에, 모바일 사이트에서의 구매자와 비구매자를 결정하는 가장 큰 요인은 인간적 상 호작용성, 특히 사용자간 소통으로 드러났다.

•Using a sample of firms that implement CRM systems, we examine a collection of possible benefits for firms that choose to adopt these systems.•We find evidence of numerous operational benefits these systems provide for firms. Specifically, we find that following CRM system implementation firms show improvements in operational performance, operational efficiency, accounts receivable collectability, and earnings predictability.•These results are evidenced through increases in sales and operational cash flows, a reduction to the operating margin, a reduction of the allowance for doubtful accounts, more accurate management earnings forecasts, and improvements to other similar performance measures.

“Building information technology” and “cost estimating” are two core skills of construction education. This study proposes a blended learning environment which can provide students with support for their face-to-face learning activities in the classroom and also give them the opportunity of “learning by doing” through their practice with construction projects in the web-based BIM & cost estimating system. Then the TAM3 (Technology Acceptance Model 3) theory was used to compare the expert and novice students' acceptance of this blended learning model. Finally, the path analysis method was used to verify the research hypotheses developed in this study based on the TAM3. Our result found that the blended learning environment was generally accepted by all the participating students and it could also enhance the students’ acceptance of the blending learning strategy that combines classroom-based and on-line learning. Even though there are significant differences between novices and experts in certain variables as found in this study, students can still achieve desirable learning results through repeated and continuous practice and learn how to solve problems through “learning from doing” and discussions with their peers inside and outside the classroom. As a consequence, they will have better learning results in the end.

—A number of studies have shown that e-learning implementation is not simply a technological solution, but a process of many different factors such as social and behavioural contexts. Yet little is known about the important rule of such factors in technology adoption and use in the context of developing countries such as Lebanon. Therefore, the main objective of our study is to empirically validate an extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (to include Social Norms and Quality of Work Life constructs) in the Lebanese context. A quantitative methodology approach was adopted in this study. To test the hypothesized research model, data were collected from 569 undergraduate and postgraduate students studying in Lebanon via questionnaire. The collected data were analysed using structural equation modeling (SEM) technique based on AMOS methods and in conjunction with multi-group analysis. As hypothesized, the results of the study revealed perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEU), social norms (SN) and Quality of Work life (QWL) to be significant determinants of students' behavioral intention (BI). This provides support for the applicability of the extended TAM in the Lebanese context. Implications to both theory and practice of this study are discussed at the end of the paper.

– The purpose of this paper is to propose a model to examine the impact of organizational support on behavioral intention (BI) regarding enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation based on the technology acceptance model (TAM)., – A research model is proposed which describes the effects of organizational support, both formal and informal, on factors of TAM. A survey questionnaire is developed to test the proposed model. A total of 700 of questionnaires are distributed to users in small and medium enterprises that have implemented ERP systems in Korea and 209 responses are used for analyses. Structural equation modeling is employed to test the research hypotheses., – The results indicate that the organizational support is an important factor for perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU). PU and PEOU seem to lead to a higher level of interest in the ERP system and BI to use the system. The most notable finding of our study is that organizational support is positively associated with factors of TAM., – The survey data used in this paper are collected from small‐ and medium‐sized companies in South Korea. Thus, the respondents in these firms might have been trained at different levels or on different modules of ERP, which would yield diversity in subject experience with different ERP systems., – To improve the efficiency and effectiveness of ERP implementation in a real world environment, organizations need to better understand user satisfaction. The TAM model provides a theoretical construct to explain how user satisfaction is affected.

– The purpose of this paper is to develop an extended model of technology acceptance to include behavioural beliefs (perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use), subjective norms, management support (at institutional and governmental levels) to examine the academics’ internet acceptance behaviour within the Pakistan and Turkish context. In addition to this, impact of cultural dimension individualism-collectivism (IC) is also examined on the basis of moderator construct. , – Data were collected from 380 academics’ using a cross-sectional survey. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling (partial least squares) in conjunction with multiple group analysis. , – The results revealed that proposed model achieved acceptable fit with the data (i.e. R2=39 per cent in intention) and most of the hypothesised relationships were supported. The results also revealed that culture showed a moderating effect on hypothetical relationships. Specifically, the effects of management support were stronger for the respondents having high on collectivist society (i.e. Pakistan). , – The study is useful in non-western cultural contexts. Specifically, in contrast to previous studies, diversity of individuals’ acceptance behaviour is examined in Turkey and Pakistan. Additionally, this study had examined moderating impact of cultural dimension (i.e. IC) over academic’s behavioural intention to accept the internet technology.

vAssist (Voice Controlled Assistive Care and Communication Services for the Home) is a European project for which several research institutes and companies have been working on the development of adapted spoken interfaces to support home care and communication services. This paper describes the spoken dialog system that has been built. Its natural language understanding module includes a novel reference resolver and it introduces a new hierarchical paradigm to model dialog tasks. The user-centered approach applied to the whole development process led to the setup of several experiment sessions with real users. Multilingual experiments carried out in Austria, France and Spain are described along with their analyses and results in terms of both system performance and user experience. An additional experimental comparison of the RavenClaw and Disco-LFF dialog managers built into the vAssist spoken dialog system highlighted similar performance and user acceptance.

outcomes of technology-based training and determine the degree of importance of each factor. By means of regression analysis we investigated the role of seven important factors in E-Learning outcomes. We also determine the importance of each factor in comparison with other factors by means of principal component analysis and LMS technique. Based on aforementioned statements, the following two main questions of this research are considered:  Which variables have a significant effect on E-Learning outcomes?  How much is the effect of each variable on E-Learning outcomes?

modern world, organizations implement the Information System (IS) solution to achieve a range of business benefits and manage the huge amount of produced information. In spite of the importance of information system solution for organizations, the success rates of such IS implementation remain quite low. Although many investigations have been done on IS models and framework, the role of user in IS success measurement is neglected, especially in mandatory system usage. Therefore, more effective theoretical model of IS success measurement is needed for an organization's managers to get better understanding of the role of user to decrease existing failure risks. In order to clarify the aforementioned problem, this research reviewed prominent IS models, framework, and theory and compared them to each other. In this study, an exploratory phase followed to identify existing gap in IS models, framework, and theory. in IS success models and framework that have both academic and practical implications. This paper reports initial findings of related literature review by introducing an existing gap on the IS models. The remaining parts of the paper are organized in the following manner. The paper begins with summarizing the well-validated IS success models, framework, and theory and then literatures are presented. Next, existing gap was cleared by compare the IS models, framework, and theory. Finally, discussion and conclusion are presented.

markdownabstractThe purpose of this dissertation is to investigate how designers and marketers can promote the use of technologies aiding online consumers’ decisions. We examine the problem from two different viewpoints that highlight different strategies by which one can influence consumer behavior towards recommendation systems. Overall, this dissertation contributes to the academic literature in a number of ways. Firstly, it offers a first account of the role of anticipated emotions in technology and RA acceptance. Focusing on technology itself, RA use and RA output, it also confirms that the presentation of alternatives at the output stage, as well as the decision strategy implemented by the recommendation system itself, can enhance one’s evaluation of an RA. At a minimum, our findings underscore that these elements need to be considered when designing decision support systems. Understanding the mechanisms through which consumers make technology choices is of great importance for marketing managers when they develop new technology products, services and marketing communication campaigns. Finally, the dissertation presents three actionable ways through which managers and designers can increase RA acceptance and evaluation.

many research models about Information technology (IT) acceptance have yielded, and each with different sets of determinant factors of user acceptance behavior. In this paper, we review user acceptance literature and discuss four important models: Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), The Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM2), the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), and Technology Acceptance Model 3 (TAM3). All the evolution process focus on the key point that usage behavior are mediated by intention to use. Also we have made comparative analysis to their main determinants and made several recommendations for future research.

ion, e.g. addressing identity issues and IT use from a platform-dev elopment perspective. VI. CONCLUSION Identity is an important concept and the relationship between IT and identity needs to be explored further, since ITs have become an essential component of the interactions in which identities are constructed. To this end, we conducted an explorator y study of young adults’ interactions with their mobile phones to discover whether young adults’ personal identities are shaped through their interactions with these de vic s. Based on our findings, in consultation with relevant literature, we conceptualized mobile phone identity as having three interrelated dimensions that vary based on the meanings y ou adults attribute to their mobile phone use. Our findings imply that mobile phone identity is developed over time, as individuals’ interactions with their mobile phones become embedded in their daily lives. Further, we found that acting in ways that are congruent with the self-meanings attached to mobile phone use fosters a positive sense of se lf in young adults that can, in turn, affect the way they perceive, and interact with, t he world around them. On this basis, we suggested potential opportunities for future studies to advance research on IT and identity beyond the context of young adults and mobile phones. Developing understanding of the meanings individuals’ attach to the self in

ion and Generalization Relates to the researcher providing idiographic details of data interpretation leading to a theory describing human understanding and social action to Abstraction focused on the context of the study, as well as theories of digital literacy and technology adoption with the aim of informing future studies in a similar context. A single location was used in the 178 facilitate understanding on the part of the reader. research. For generalization to be a possibility, multiple locations and how the deviations between these locations impact on the study will have to be investigated. Such a study may facilitate generalization. However, for the purposes of the current study, no such generalizations were attempted. Diagonal Reasoning Relates to addressing possible theoretical preconceptions from the research design to the actual research findings. In the analysis phase undertaken in Section 7.3, the interpretations were done in line with the theoretical underpinnings of digital literacy and technology adoption. Any deviations due to context sensitivity are noted in that section. Multiple Interpretations Openness to the fact that participants can provide different interpretations of the same sequence of events. It was noted that, despite the participants experiencing similar challenges related to resource-constraints, their attitude and interpretations impacted their interaction with the learners differently. This led them to view digital literacy needs and challenges in the area differently. However, the collaboration undertaken by the participants enabled them to be informed about the views their peers had, and potentially cross-pollinated their view and interpretations of the phenomena they were experiencing. Suspicion Being aware of biases and distortions in narratives from participants The researcher anticipated differing accounts of similar experiences. A tool that was used extensively to counter this challenge was the semi-structure one-onone interviews. These semi-structured interviews were adapted slightly based on the responses of the participant interviewed. However, the main structure remained, sp as to capture as many of the attributes related to concepts being investigated as possible. The principles of hermeneutics clearly align with the empirical data and the associated findings. The significance of hermeneutics in explaining phenomena related to ICT was succinctly articulated by Boland (2002) and Cohen et al. (2007). As previously pointed out, Cohen et al. (2007) focused hermeneutics on the interaction of the researcher and the 179 participants, and the interpretations provided by researchers on the activities of the participants in relation to the phenomena under study. However, according to Boland (2002), the view of ICT as a hermeneutic process deviates from seeing ICT as a tool to achieve user objectives, socio-economic or otherwise, to seeing ICT as facilitating an environment of acting out interpretations, that is, actively appropriating meaning about our situations and ourselves. In the context of the current research, this would mean that ICT would extend beyond simple pedagogy to information dissemination and sharing between learners and teachers, between teachers, and among both learners and teachers. These aspirations may potentially be achieved through enhanced levels of digital literacy from both teachers and learners, which will clearly be facilitated by technology adoption. Having aligned the principles of hermeneutics to the findings and data of the current research, the next section undertakes the integration process in line with the sequential explanatory mixed method research. 7-4-2. Integration Each of the survey results will be combined with observation results as well as the interview results, where applicable. This will be complemented by literature or references to literature in order to support or contradict the empirical results. The integration process will use results from Tables 6.7, 6.8, and 6.11. For the participant observations in Table 6.8, ideas with no impact are excluded. Table 7-6 illustrates the integration process: Table 7-6: Integration of quantitative and qualitative results Quantitative Qualitative Survey Observation Interview

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v ACRONYMS vii LIST OF TABLES ix LIST OF FIGURES ix APPENDICES x

ed view, input and output components (labelled C1 in the original overview 2.2 The Technological Part of a Smart Home 15 [1]) representing the hardware part of the system, and features which describe the software components responsible for communicating with the human users, subsumed under the term dialogue principles (labelled C2 to C5 [1]). Already on these aspects a computerized home has a much higher variability than, for example, a desktop computer. Understanding relevant aspects and influencing factors requires a broader perspective. Input devices in a smart home can vary widely. The simplest category are physical devices such as wall switches which consist of a hardware based interface that enables a limited number of states (e.g., boolean on/off). On the other end of the spectrum, complex virtual devices such as smart phones, tablets or wall-mounted panels integrate a large number of basic logic operations enabled by software interfaces. Inbetween the two extremes we find a broad variety of devices which, for example, represent internet of things [6], characterized by a potentially arbitrary combination of hardand software components. A user would use very different devices and flexibly choose locations to trigger actions in the system, for example, to switch on a light. This triggering process involves very different steps and procedures on the technical and interactional level. The borders between input/output and dialogue features are, in comparison to the original definition and to the interaction with stand-alone computers, blurred and much more complex. When considering the interaction between a computerized system and a human as a sequence, then the next step would be the evaluation of the consequences an input has caused. The evaluation should be supported by features of the system. Examples for such features have been enumerated by Norman [7] which are, for example, feedback, mapping, constraints. Feedback that corresponds to an interaction with a conventional everyday thing [7] or with a conventional computer typically appears on the same location where a trigger was issued. A user can see the system reaction, for example, by showing the hourglass until the system responds by starting a program. With conventionally equipped homes this is similar. When a light switch is pressed the light bulb starts to glow in the same room and feedback is observable immediately. There were already exceptions of this immediacy in the past. For example, when light switches mounted indoors are responsible for controlling external lights. These simple changes make potential problems obvious. Figure 2.2 shows scenes I frequently come across; buildings where outside lights are glowing during the day – probably because of suboptimal feedback on the location where the trigger happened. Fig. 2.2 Lanterns switched on during day time 16 2 Why Is It Called Human Computer Interaction, but Focused on Computers Instead? In conventional computing there has been a continual increase in the number of devices that were remote from the location of their controls. In office environments, for example, where printers are not in the same room as the computers. Direct feedback like the sound of the printer was not observable any more, but was simulated on the desktop. In the context of the smart home, devices that are remote controlled have become the standard with the effect that direct feedback is no longer available. Turning on lights from the smart phone or from a smart switch requires appropriate feedback to the triggering person. Different modalities on the input as well as on the output level further increase the complexity. This small excursion shall point out the potential complexity and problems of interaction in a smart home. But despite of a wide body of literature pertaining to smart home control systems these and other even basic HCI aspects are not appropriately considered in current smart home systems. One of the reasons for this shortcoming is, beside others, a limited focus in related research. A query in the databases of IEEE, Elsevier or ACM reveals a few thousand of smart-home related publications. However, a recent meta analysis by [8] points out that the majority of related research is focused on technical aspects. One conclusion the authors draw is that “. . . the smart living domain is still a domain of technicians, and therefore the technical-related challenges have a higher priority.” Also earlier publications [9–13] come to the conclusion that there is too a strong focus on technology and technological solutions in related research. The result is a technology push [8, 11, 12, 14] rather than demand or user pull [15], sometimes even a disregard of user interests [16]. One episode that illustrates the problem happened when I gave one of my talks. I was presenting results achieved and the data generated within the project described in more detail in Chap. 7. The work I was presenting was attacked by a man who worked in the area of theoretical informatics and simulations. He specifically criticised the amount of data that had been collected. In his opinion my datapoints were miniscule. He pointed out that within simulations multiples of millions of datapoints can be generated in a fraction of the time the field study I presented lasted. Obviously there is still a lack of understanding that there are aspects to be considered relevant beside the current hype of big data. As will be discussed in more detail in Chap. 6 it is important that smart home research goes beyond simulations in artificial circumstances. The focus on technical aspects in the main stream of smart home research does not mean that the HCI community completely ignored the developments. Work addressing the potential dangers and challenges of the smart home is observable for quite a long time, but did not seem to get attention in the degree the technological aspects did. Critical voices on the smart home from the perspective of HCI appeared shortly after the concept of the smart home was announced. In 1985 [7] sketched those developments more as a threat than an opportunity. A general criticism expressed, for example by [17] is that instrumental aspects in general dominate HCI, which is particularly problematic in regard to the smart home. As will be pointed out in detail in Chap. 6 the design and evaluation of basic interaction mechanisms has been done under quite artificial circumstances. The results that were achieved are questionable. This development was certainly not the original objective of the ACM SigCHI, as observable in the original publication [1]. Another source of information 2.3 Shining a Light on Human Aspects 17 that supports this view is the first author of the work, Tom Hewett himself, whom I had the honour to meet at the end of the 1990s in Vienna when he stayed with my institute as a guest professor. He always motivated the students, mainly students of computer science, to consider human aspects in computing to a higher extent. He did the same within instructive and inspiring conversations with us staff members, showing us the variety of aspects of cognitive psychology and their potentials in HCI. The following section shines a light on some of them. 2.3 Shining a Light on Human Aspects It would be beyond the scope of this book to go into detail about the entire human characteristics that would be relevant to a smart home. General characteristics of the information processing approach have anyway been addressed in numerous publications covering basics of perception, characteristics of memory, thinking or problem solving and output capabilities such as tactility, speech or gestures, for example [18, 19]. These basics will therefore not be repeated at this point. The following sections are focused on those human capabilities which are considered just as important, particularly in regard to the smart home, but which, for several reasons did not receive the attention they deserved [1, 3]. The first section addresses the two dimensions which are of central importance in the reasoning of this book: intelligence and wisdom. The former, more precisely its synonym smartness, is the starting point of the problems addressed in this book and the latter is serving as the eponymous concept of the new paradigm to be achieved. 2.3.1 Shining a Light on Intelligence The term intelligence is used in different scientific disciplines with different meanings. Because of that this section starts by clarifying those differences. Artificial intelligence (AI) as the first concept to be addressed, constitutes a central element of today’s smart environments and addresses the capabilities of computers to assume intelligent behaviour. Ambient intelligence (AmI) is considered the state-of-the-art evolutionary step of AI [2] and covers computational capabilities that characterize smart environments [2, 20] the smart home is one of which. AmI makes possible [2] “. . . aiming at a proactive, but sensible support of people in their daily lives” by providing the following exemplary functions: AmI environments are able to interpret the state of the environment they are integrated in; they can represent information and knowledge associated with the environment; model, simulate and represent virtual entities (agents) in the environment; plan decisions; and plan and execute actions. These functions are achieved by the combination of operational technologies [2] (basic hardware such as sensors and actuators) and AI. The latter enables advanced forms of interaction between humans and the technical system 18 2 Why Is It Called Human Computer Interaction, but Focused on Computers Instead? and constitutes an indispensable part differentiating AmI from conventional smart technology. However, in the impression of [2] AmI is often build without AI, concentrated on operational technology and therefore is not able to provide the advancements AI would be capable of. Like AI

eModeration is an essential aspect of quality assurance in electronic learning, but eModeration systems are not a regular feature of assessment in educational institutions. One reason could be the lack of evidence-based requirements to guide the implementation and evaluation of eModeration systems. To ensure adoption, it is important that eModeration system requirements comply with technology acceptance requirements. The purpose of this paper is to determine the adoption requirements for the development of an eModeration system. We employ a critical literature review as methodology to extract an initial set of eModeration requirements from the literature. The initial set of eModeration requirements are then used as a basis for eliciting requirements from technology acceptance models. The lack of eModeration systems especially in the secondary school environment necessitated a focus on pre- adoption requirements, which was a challenge since most technology acceptance models assume the use of a system. The Human, Organisation and Technology model is useful in supporting pre-adoption requirements and was thus selected as the basis for synthesising the refined set of requirements. The contribution is a set of requirements that should be useful in the design and evaluation of eModeration systems towards ensuring adoption and use.

e-Government services are becoming one of the most important and efficient means by which governments (G) interact with businesses (B) and citizens (C). This has brought not only tremendous opportu ...

e-Business organizations must frequently face changes in their systems to stay competitive. However, it is not guaranteed the new systems will be acceptable for the workers. The EBTAM model is proposed in this paper as a way to study acceptance before actual deployment of a new system. This model takes into account other models reported in the literature, but it is essentially oriented towards small and medium-sized organizations, which have limited resources. The model was subject to a study with three companies, and the obtained results were useful to further simplify the model.