相关论文
2007 - European journal of histochemistry : EJH
An improved and cost-effective methodology for the reduction of autofluorescence in direct immunofluorescence studies on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues.

Interference by autofluorescence is one of the major shortcomes of immunofluorescence analysis by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). CLSM requires minimal tissue autofluorescence and reduced unspecific fluorescence background, requisites that become more critical when direct immunofluorescence studies are concerned. To control autofluorescence, different reagents and treatments can be used. Until now, the efficacy of the processes described depended on the tissue type and on the processing technique, no general recipe for the control of autofluorescence being available. Using paraffin sections of archival formalin-fixed murine liver, kidney and pancreas, we have found that previously described techniques were not able to reduce autofluorescence to levels that allowed direct immunofluorescence labelling. In this work, we aimed at improving currently described methodologies so that they would allow reduction of the autofluorescent background without affecting tissue integrity or direct immunofluorescence labelling. We have found that the combination of short-duration, high-intensity UV irradiation and Sudan Black B was the best approach to reduce autofluorescence in highly vascularised, high lipofuscins' content tissues, such as murine liver and kidney, and poorly vascularised, low lipofuscins' content tissues such as the pancreas. In addition, we herein show that this methodology is highly effective in reducing autofluorescent background to levels that allow detection of specific signals by direct immunofluorescence.

2010
Direct Noise Computation of the Flow over Cylindrical Cavities

A Direct noise computation is performed for a flow grazing a cylindrical cavity of an aspect ratio height-on-diameter equals to 1 and a velocity speed of 70 m/s, corresponding to a Reynolds number based on the diameter equals to 4.6×10. To realize this simulation, a cylindrical grid meshes the cavity to ensure a proper treatment of the wall and a Cartesian grid composes the mesh outside the cavity to keep an accurate resolution of the incoming boudary layer and of the acoustical waves. The use of these different types of grids is possible thanks to an overset grid method. The numerical results are then compared with the experimental database from the AEROCAV program. Discussions on the character of the recirculation and the prediction of the acoustic radiation is proposed.

2018 - Complex.
Social Networks through the Prism of Cognition

Human relations are driven by social events - people interact, exchange information, share knowledge and emotions, or gather news from mass media. These events leave traces in human memory. The initial strength of a trace depends on cognitive factors such as emotions or attention span. Each trace continuously weakens over time unless another related event activity strengthens it. Here, we introduce a novel Cognition-driven Social Network (CogSNet) model that accounts for cognitive aspects of social perception and explicitly represents human memory dynamics. For validation, we apply our model to NetSense data on social interactions among university students. The results show that CogSNet significantly improves quality of modeling of human interactions in social networks.

2017 - Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
Accurate Simulation of Parametrically Excited Micromirrors via Direct Computation of the Electrostatic Stiffness

Electrostatically actuated torsional micromirrors are key elements in Micro-Opto-Electro- Mechanical-Systems. When forced by means of in-plane comb-fingers, the dynamics of the main torsional response is known to be strongly non-linear and governed by parametric resonance. Here, in order to also trace unstable branches of the mirror response, we implement a simplified continuation method with arc-length control and propose an innovative technique based on Finite Elements and the concepts of material derivative in order to compute the electrostatic stiffness; i.e., the derivative of the torque with respect to the torsional angle, as required by the continuation approach.

2017 - 2017 6th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology and Accessibility (ICTA)
An investigation of the factors affecting the perception of gamification and game elements

While various studies have investigated the effects of gamification on learning, less concern is paid to investigate the effects of learners' differences on perception of gamification. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of age, gender and gaming frequency differences on the learners' perception of gamification and game elements. In this context, a gamified online Moodle Learning Management System (LMS) was developed where eighty three learners, from a public university in Tunisia, used it to learn "Object Oriented Design Methodology" and "Basic software" courses. The findings showed that gender and gaming frequency do not affect the perception of gamification but they do affect the perception of using game elements. These findings can be exploited by researchers, educators and practitioners to provide personalized and gamified learning experiences.

1990 - Computer Graphics Forum
Project DIGIS: Building Interactive Applications by Direct Manipulation

DIGIS is a design and implementation system for developers of general purpose interactive applications (IA). It is itself an interactive system that accomplishes its task by Direct Manipulation techniques, in principle without using a programming language. DIGIS is a generator in the form of a window‐based workbench. It has two input sources. One is a toolkit of predetined interaction tools consisting of prototypes and instances. The other is the set of predetined application procedures thai make up the application part of the IA. The application procedures do not handle user input but may handle textual or graphical screen output. The task of the developer is to build the user interface by selecting the appropriate interaction tools. tailor them to the interface, and tie them to application procedures. This includes the visual representations of interaction tools, their prompts, echoes and feedback. In the process he maps user input to parameter lists for the application procedures, and return parameters to interface output. DIGIS will also support the detinition of composite input (interaction patterns such as sequences). Unix and X are the initiat operating environment, adaption of the input sources to PCTE. OSF/Motif, and Open Look is feasible and anticipated.

2013 - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
GPU-Accelerated Forward and Back-Projections With Spatially Varying Kernels for 3D DIRECT TOF PET Reconstruction

We describe a GPU-accelerated framework that efficiently models spatially (shift) variant system response kernels and performs forward- and back-projection operations with these kernels for the DIRECT (Direct Image Reconstruction for TOF) iterative reconstruction approach. Inherent challenges arise from the poor memory cache performance at non-axis aligned TOF directions. Focusing on the GPU memory access patterns, we utilize different kinds of GPU memory according to these patterns in order to maximize the memory cache performance. We also exploit the GPU instruction-level parallelism to efficiently hide long latencies from the memory operations. Our experiments indicate that our GPU implementation of the projection operators has slightly faster or approximately comparable time performance than FFT-based approaches using state-of-the-art FFTW routines. However, most importantly, our GPU framework can also efficiently handle any generic system response kernels, such as spatially symmetric and shift-variant as well as spatially asymmetric and shift-variant, both of which an FFT-based approach cannot cope with.

2013
Solving the Direct Geometrico-Static Problem of 3-3 Cable-Driven Parallel Robots by Interval Analysis: Preliminary Results

This paper studies the direct geometrico-static analysis of under- constrained cable-driven parallel robots with 3 cables. The task consists in finding all equilibrium configurations of the end-effector when the cable lengths are assigned. An interval-analysis-based procedure is proposed to numerically find the real solutions of the problem for a robot of generic geometry. Three equation sets obtained by different approaches are implemented in the problem-solving algorithm and a comparison between the main merits and drawbacks of each one of them is reported.

2015 - ACE
Student Perceptions of Flipped Learning

Flipped learning has been the subject of signicant hype and attention but descriptions of the development and the evaluation of this pedagogical model are lacking. Flipped learning is an inverted teaching approach where students learn the basics via short videos at home, then come to class to complete challenges and clarify any misunderstandings. This paper describes how an IT unit was delivered using the ipped learning approach. A survey was used to determine how students perceived ipped learning. Students were generally positive about the approach, particularly the convenience and exibility of the ipped videos. Although face to face teaching time was reduced in this ipped learning implementation, students felt that they interacted more with their instructors and peers. Students felt strongly positive to walkthroughs and were mixed as to the need for the instructors face. Signicant eorts to produce high quality and engaging videos were made, but the survey suggested that students learnt the most during tutorial time. The relative importance of interactive tutorials is congruent with a large body of research and pedagogical approaches advocating the importance of active student-centred learning.

1997 - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering
A direct flexibility method

We present a Direct Flexibility Method (DFM) for the solution of finite element equations. This method is based on a decomposition of the finite element model into substructures, which may reduce to individual elements. Substructures are preprocessed by the Direct Stiffness Method (DSM) to generate free-free flexibility matrices for floating substructures. The interface problem is solved for the interface forces and the solution recovered over substructure interiors. The DFM shares with the DSM the advantages of being automatic, maintaining locality and sparseness, efficiently handling continuum elements, and requiring only the availability of element stiffness libraries. The new method appears to be advantageous for specific applications. These include: massively parallel processing, inverse problems, treatment of rigid members and inclusions, and use of underintegrated elements without spurious-mode stabilization.

1991 - Ecological Psychology
Social Affordances and Interaction I: Introduction

Recent extensions of the affordance concept to fundamental problems in the study of social knowing and interaction were the focus of one of the symposia at the Fifth International Conference on Event Perception and Action, at Miami University, Oxford, OH in July 1989. This article traces the history of ecological social psychology and reviews recent attempts to extend the application of the concept of affordance to the topics of social knowing and social interaction. Themes arising within three domains of contemporary ecological research are examined: (a) social perception research has stressed the direct perception of what other people afford the self and the perception of what other people are afforded in their transactions with the shared environment of surfaces, objects, places, and other persons; (b) in the study of social interaction, the emphasis recently has been on the processes of the perceiving and the assembling of social coordination, and also on the functions of social interaction in the acq...

2001
Grammaticalization of Verbs of Cognition and Perception

This paper is an exploration of the grammaticalization phenomena displayed by the verbs of cognition and perception. Drawing upon cross-linguistically...

2007 - Journal of General Internal Medicine
Patient–Provider and Patient–Staff Racial Concordance and Perceptions of Mistreatment in the Health Care Setting

ObjectivesTo determine what roles patient–provider and patient–staff racial concordance play on patients’ perceptions within the health care setting.Design, Setting, ParticipantsData from the Commonwealth Fund 2001 Quality of Care telephone survey. Analysis focused on the subsample of 6,066 adults who live in the continental United States and who reported having a regular provider or a usual source of care (n = 4,762).Measurements and ResultsWe analyzed patients’ responses about perceptions of disrespect, unfair treatment because of race and language, and the belief that he/she would have received better treatment if he/she belonged to a different race. We compared these perceptions of mistreatment with provider and staff racial concordance, controlling for sociodemographic variables. Contrary to our hypothesis, Hispanics were more likely to report being treated with disrespect if in a concordant relationship with their provider than if in a nonconcordant one (odds ratio [OR] 2.42, P < .01). Asians were less likely to report being treated unfairly because of race if in racially concordant relationships with providers than if in nonconcordant ones (P < .05). Hispanics were also less likely to perceive unfair treatment because of language when in concordant relationships with staff as compared to nonconcordant relationships with staff (P < .05).ConclusionsPatients’ perceptions of health care relationships may partially depend on racial concordance with providers and staff. The nature of the association between racial concordance and perceived disrespect varies by racial group, indicating that other race-specific factors may also need to be examined.

1995 - Philosophy of Science
The Metaphoric Origins of Objectivity, Subjectivity, and Consciousness in the Direct Perception of Reality

This paper utilizes the theories of metaphor of George Lakoff, Mark Johnson and Julian Jaynes to extend Jaynes' metaphor theory of consciousness by treating consciousness as an operator that works with 'covert behavior' so that humans can integrate temporally discontinuous percepts with concepts based on metaphoric extensions of the embodied schemas of direct and immediate perception and thereby transcend the limitations of direct perception. A theory of first-person expressions and covert behavior to account for self-conscious awareness as language-based is advanced. Subjectivity and objectivity are metaphors based on schemas of perception.

2012 - Frontiers in Psychology
Electrophysiological Potentials Reveal Cortical Mechanisms for Mental Imagery, Mental Simulation, and Grounded (Embodied) Cognition

Grounded cognition theory proposes that cognition, including meaning, is grounded in sensorimotor processing. The mechanism for grounding cognition is mental simulation, which is a type of mental imagery that re-enacts modal processing. To reveal top-down, cortical mechanisms for mental simulation of shape, event-related potentials were recorded to face and object pictures preceded by mental imagery. Mental imagery of the identical face or object picture (congruous condition) facilitated not only categorical perception (VPP/N170) but also later visual knowledge [N3(00) complex] and linguistic knowledge (N400) for faces more than objects, and strategic semantic analysis (late positive complex) between 200 and 700 ms. The later effects resembled semantic congruity effects with pictures. Mental imagery also facilitated category decisions, as a P3 peaked earlier for congruous than incongruous (other category) pictures, resembling the case when identical pictures repeat immediately. Thus mental imagery mimics semantic congruity and immediate repetition priming processes with pictures. Perception control results showed the opposite for faces and were in the same direction for objects: Perceptual repetition adapts (and so impairs) processing of perceived faces from categorical perception onward, but primes processing of objects during categorical perception, visual knowledge processes, and strategic semantic analysis. For both imagery and perception, differences between faces and objects support domain-specificity and indicate that cognition is grounded in modal processing. Altogether, this direct neural evidence reveals that top-down processes of mental imagery sustain an imagistic representation that mimics perception well enough to prime subsequent perception and cognition. Findings also suggest that automatic mental simulation of the visual shape of faces and objects operates between 200 and 400 ms, and strategic mental simulation operates between 400 and 700 ms.

2008 - The Cerebellum
Cerebellum and Detection of Sequences, from Perception to Cognition

The idea that cerebellar processing is required in a variety of cognitive functions is well accepted in the neuroscience community. Nevertheless, the definition of its role in the different cognitive domains remains rather elusive. Current data on perceptual and cognitive processing are reviewed with special emphasis on cerebellar sequencing properties. Evidences, obtained by neurophysiological and neuropsychological lesion studies, converge in highlighting comparison of temporal and spatial information for sequence detection as the key stone of cerebellar functioning across modalities. The hypothesis that sequence detection might represent the main contribution of cerebellar physiology to brain functioning is presented and the possible clinical significance in cerebellar-related diseases discussed.

2006 - The American journal of psychiatry
Social perception as a mediator of the influence of early visual processing on functional status in schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE The potential of social cognition as a mediator of relations between neurocognition and functional status in schizophrenia has been suggested by correlational studies that link neurocognition to social cognition or link social cognition to functional status. The authors used structural equation modeling to test more directly whether one aspect of social cognition (social perception) mediates relations between basic visual perception and functional status in patients with schizophrenia. METHOD Seventy-five outpatients with schizophrenia were administered measures of early visual processing (computerized visual masking procedures), social perception (Half Profile of Nonverbal Sensitivity), and functional status (Role Functioning Scale). RESULTS Structural equation modeling supported social perception as a mediator of relations between early visual processing and functional status in schizophrenia. The mediation model indicated that early visual processing is linked to functional status through social perception, thereby supporting a significant indirect relationship. The direct relationship between early visual processing and functional status was significant in a model that did not include social perception but was not significant in the mediation model that included social perception. CONCLUSIONS Social cognition appears to be a key determinant of functional status in schizophrenia. Using a very basic measure of visual perception, the present study found that social perception mediates the influence of early visual processing on functional status in schizophrenia.

2012 - Topics in cognitive science
Music Perception and Cognition: A Review of Recent Cross-Cultural Research

Experimental investigations of cross-cultural music perception and cognition reported during the past decade are described. As globalization and Western music homogenize the world musical environment, it is imperative that diverse music and musical contexts are documented. Processes of music perception include grouping and segmentation, statistical learning and sensitivity to tonal and temporal hierarchies, and the development of tonal and temporal expectations. The interplay of auditory, visual, and motor modalities is discussed in light of synchronization and the way music moves via emotional response. Further research is needed to test deep-rooted psychological assumptions about music cognition with diverse materials and groups in dynamic contexts. Although empirical musicology provides keystones to unlock musical structures and organization, the psychological reality of those theorized structures for listeners and performers, and the broader implications for theories of music perception and cognition, awaits investigation.

2014
Multidimensional Models of Perception and Cognition

Contents: F.G. Ashby, Multivariate Probability Distributions. Part I:Similarity, Preference, and Choice. J.L. Zinnes, D.B. MacKay, A Probabilistic Multidimensional Scaling Approach: Properties and Procedures. G. De Soete, J.D. Carroll, Probabilistic Multidimensional Models of Pairwise Choice Data. U. Bo"ckenholt, Multivariate Models of Preference and Choice. D.M. Ennis, K. Mullen, A General Probabilistic Model for Triad Discrimination, Preferential Choice, and Two-Alternative Identification. N.A. Perrin, Uniting Identification, Similarity and Preference: General Recognition Theory. Part II:Interactions Between Perceptual Dimensions. W.T. Maddox, Perceptual and Decisional Separability. H. Kadlec, J.T. Townsend, Signal Detection Analyses of Dimensional Interactions. T.D. Wickens, L.A. Olzak, Three Views of Association in Concurrent Detection Ratings. Part III:Detection, Identification, and Categorization. J.P. Thomas, L.A. Olzak, Simultaneous Detection and Identification. D.M. Ennis, Modeling Similarity and Identification When There Are Momentary Fluctuations in Psychological Magnitudes. A.A.J. Marley, Developing and Characterizing Multidimensional Thurstone and Luce Models for Identification and Preference. Y. Takane, T. Shibayama, Structures in Stimulus Identification Data. R.M. Nosofsky, Exemplar-Based Approach to Relating Categorization, Identification, and Recognition. M.M. Cohen, D.W. Massaro, On the Similarity of Categorization Models. F.G. Ashby, Multidimensional Models of Categorization.

1973 - American Political Science Review
Schema Theory: An Information Processing Model of Perception and Cognition

The world is complex, and yet people are able to make some sense out of it. This paper offers an information-processing model to describe this aspect of perception and cognition. The model assumes that a person receives information which is less than perfect in terms of its completeness, its accuracy, and its reliability. The model provides a dynamic description of how a person evaluates this kind of information about a case, how he selects one of his pre-existing patterns (called schemata) with which to interpret the case, and how he uses the interpretation to modify and extend his beliefs about the case. It also describes how this process allows the person to make the internal adjustments which will serve as feedback for the interpretation of future information. A wide variety of evidence from experimental and social psychology is cited to support the decisions which went into constructing the separate parts of the schema theory, and further evidence is cited supporting the theory's system-level predictions. Since the schema theory allows for (but does not assume) the optimization of its parameters, it is also used as a framework for a normative analysis of the selection of schemata. Finally, a few illustrations from international relations and especially foreign-policy formation show that this model of how people make sense out of a complex world can be directly relevant to the study of important political processes.

The Perception and Cognition of Environmental Distance: Direct Sources of Information

Daniel R. Montello
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D. R. Montello

Abstract:Research on direct sources of information for the perception and cognition of environmental distance is reviewed. Environmental distances are relatively large and cannot be perceived in entirety from a single place.Directly-acquired knowledge of environmental distance is based on the sensorimotor apprehension of information fromthe body or from the environment during locomotion. The paper is organized around the idea that distance knowledge is derived from multiple, partially redundant information sources. After briefly discussing general issues, I review literature on direct sources of distance information,including environmental features, travel time, and travel effort. Theories of how these sources provide information about distance are considered. To date, only information from environmental features has received much empirical support as a direct source of distance knowledge, particularly to the extent that the features segment routes into vistas. Key weaknesses in the empirical literatureare discussed, and importantresearch directions are identified.

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引用
Paths with More Turns are Perceived as Longer: Misperceptions with Map-Based and Abstracted Path Stimuli
Perceptual and motor skills
2015
Studying Cities to Learn about Minds: Some Possible Implications of Space Syntax for Spatial Cognition
2012
Effects of scene density and richness on traveled distance estimation in virtual environments
APGV '11
2011
Building a Model of the Environment from a Route Perspective for Human–Robot Interaction
Int. J. Soc. Robotics
2015
The effects of perceived complexity and perceived time and distance on path choice behavior and walking
2009
The Effect of Goals on Memory for Human Mazes in Real and Virtual Space
2009
Assessment of active commuting behaviour: walking and bicycling in Greater Stockholm
2011
Choosing the scale and extent of maps for navigation with mobile computing systems
2007
Distance cognition in virtual environmental space: Further investigations to clarify the route-angularity effect
Psychological research
2006
Object-Oriented Dynamic GIS for Transportation Planning
1996
Mathematical Modeling of the Effects of Speech Warning Characteristics on Human Performance and Its Application in Transportation Cyberphysical Systems
IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
2016
Training metric accuracy in distance estimation skill: pictures versus words
2006
There or not there? A multidisciplinary review and research agenda on the impact of transparent barriers on human perception, action, and social behavior
Front. Psychol.
2015
The Influence of Turns on Distance Cognition
2004
Explaining visible behaviour
2005
Modeling and Prediction of Pedestrian Behavior based on the Sub-goal Concept
Robotics: Science and Systems
2012
Cognitive models of geographical space
Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci.
1999
Basic Theory of Measure-Based Models
2014
Multiscale Modeling by Time-Evolving Measures
2014
Contextualized Search by Nearness
DS@CONTEXT
2015