본 논문은 최근 관심과 연구가 증가하고 있는 공급망 가시성을 더 잘 이해하기 위해 IOS 가시성과 공급망 성과에 대해, 그리고 IOS 가시성의 영향력에 대한 새로운 개념을 제안하였다. 그리고 이를 위해 기업간 협력에서 IOS의 핵심적 역할에 대해 고찰하였으며, 기업간 IOS 가시성의 선행요인과 결과요인을 살펴보았다. IOS 가시성의 결정인자를 자원종속이론(RDT)과 관계적 관점(RV)으로 구분하여 두 이론의 설명력 차이를 경험적으로 검증하였고, 공급망 협력을 구매자-공급자 관점 모두를 수용하여 종합적인 분석방법을 시도하였다. 또한 IOS 가시성을 측정하기 위한 도구를 개발하였고 그것을 실증적으로 확인하였다. 연구결과, IOS 가시성이 공급망 성과에 매우 중요한 결정요인이고, 공급망 참여자간 관계특성요인이 IOS 가시성의 유의미한 결정인자이며, 공급망 협력관계에서는 자원종속이론보다 관계적 관점이 설명력과 타당성이 더 우세함이 확인되었다.

– To investigate the determinants of e‐commerce adoption in the retail sector using duration analysis., – The study proposes a conceptual model based on technology adoption and population ecology models. It identifies specific determinant factors organized under three areas: perceived benefits, organizational readiness, and external influences. Duration analysis is applied to data on 392 retailers., – Organizational readiness and external influences were the main driving factors of the adoption decision. There is no strong support for the perceived benefits construct. This suggests that e‐commerce adoption was to a great extent responsive to external pressures., – Major limitations include insufficient data. Future research can collect other types of data. Other extensions include the investigation of the effect of e‐commerce adoption, the construction of a formal theoretical model, and the collection of data from other countries., – The study provides guidelines to entry anticipation. It appears that many retailers mimetically responded to the online entry of other retailers. Managers should be also aware of the suitability of e‐commerce adoption to their organization. In order to be proactive, firms can put more emphasis on internal factors and rely less on outside signals in their strategies., – The paper investigates the e‐commerce adoption decision among retailers using a unique database collected from public sources, avoiding potential subjectivity bias. It traces the timing of e‐commerce adoption incorporating both fixed and time‐varying covariates.

– The purpose of this paper is to specifically investigate and prioritize the effects of 13 factors in determining ICT adoption in Nigerian universities., – The constructs of theoretical framework of technology‐organization‐environment (T‐O‐E) underpin the survey. The survey adopted in‐depth unstructured and semi‐structured interviews with 30 senior executives drawn purposefully from at least one university in each of the five state capitals in south‐eastern Nigeria., – Evidence from the study shows that, irrespective of the perceived competitive pressures and perceived benefits of ICT solutions, government‐owned universities are yet to exploit its full potentials in their operations. This behaviour is informed by incessant corrupt practices; irregular energy supply and internet connectivity/accessibility; lack of financial capacity, expert skills, managerial and technical flexibility/support; and poor regulatory policies and government supports., – The paper raised some challenges that will serve as points of departure to future researchers and provides university management, government, policy makers, and other stakeholders the bases for encouraging ICT adoption.

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate how customer power of environmental factors affects customer support (CS) engineers’ personal motivations in a knowledge-sharing context. The authors examine extrinsic (i.e. organizational rewards, reputation, and reciprocity) and intrinsic motivations (i.e. knowledge self-efficacy) affecting knowledge-sharing intentions based on the social exchange theory (SET) and self-efficacy theory. Furthermore, the authors introduce the concept of the social power theory to investigate the moderating effect of customer power on the relationships between personal motivations and knowledge-sharing intentions. , – This study collects 349 questionnaires of CS engineers from 16 countries, including the USA, China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. After the data collection, the research model and hypotheses are tested using partial least squares. , – The empirical results show that reputation, reciprocity, and knowledge self-efficacy are significantly and positively related to knowledge-sharing intentions. Also, the results show that customer power can significantly moderate the relationships between personal motivations and knowledge-sharing intentions. , – The findings help multinational corporations employ the perception of customer power to motivate CS engineers to share knowledge. Especially, the results can help organizations increase customer added value through effective knowledge sharing. , – The research model integrates personal motivations derived from the SET and self-efficacy theory and customer power of environmental factors. Additionally, this study is the first to investigate the moderating effect of customer power on employees’ personal motivations and behavioral intentions.

– The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a growing body of research on cloud computing, by studying the small to medium‐sized enterprise (SME) adoption process. If SMEs have access to scalable technologies they could potentially deliver products and services that in the past only large enterprises could deliver, flattening the competitive arena., – By adopting the Technological, Organisational and Environmental (TOE) framework as a theoretical base, this qualitative exploratory study used semi‐structured interviews to collect data in 15 different SMEs and service providers in the north east of England. The north east of England was selected as it is a region that aspires to become home to innovative digital firms and most of the companies in the region are SMEs., – The main factors that were identified as playing a significant role in SME adoption of cloud services were: relative advantage, uncertainty, geo‐restriction, compatibility, trialability, size, top management support, prior experience, innovativeness, industry, market scope, supplier efforts and external computing support. In contrast, this study did not find enough evidence that competitive pressure was a significant determinant of cloud computing adoption., – These findings have important implications and great value to the research community, managers and information and communication technologies (ICT) providers, in terms of formulating better strategies for cloud computing adoption. For service providers, using the research model in this study can assist in increasing their understanding of why some SMEs choose to adopt cloud computing services, while seemingly similar ones facing similar market conditions do not. Also, cloud computing providers may need to improve their interaction with SMEs which are involved in the cloud computing experience, in an effort to create a healthy environment for cloud computing adoption, and to remove any vagueness surrounding this type of technology., – This study is an attempt to explore and develop an SME cloud computing adoption model that was theoretically grounded in the TOE framework. By adopting the TOE framework this study has shown that the three contexts of this framework (technological, organisational, and environmental) are connected to each other.

– The paper examines the circumstances of success in telematic use and strategic effects resulting from the implementation and use of such technologies from SMEs in the Greek Market., – The analysis is based on a three‐phased triangulated research methodology; that is literature review, interviews from 15 logistics directors and a questionnaire survey of 73 logistics SMEs in Greece., – The basic finding that has been derived from both phases 2 and 3 (survey and interviews) is that although the penetration of telematics is still low in Greece, logistics operators understand the importance of mobile services and they already know which they plan to their customers., – An inherent limitation of this survey is the fact that it address, like all surveys, the requirements of its respondents only, without taking into account., – This paper explores customer perceptions and requirements for the implementation of mobile real‐time support services for city logistics. The requirements, elicited by the results of the survey, are used to propose a systemic representation of a real‐time vehicle management mechanism for urban transportation.

– Human resources information systems (HRIS) are becoming increasingly important in helping modern organizations manage their human assets effectively. Yet, HRIS adoption remains an under‐researched phenomenon. The purpose of this paper to isolate the factors that influence the organizational adoption of HRIS in public sector organizations., – Adopting the technology‐organization‐environment model as an analytical framework, the paper draws on qualitative evidence from 16 interviews across 11 Australian public sector organizations., – The authors find that champions in public sector organizations should demonstrate HRIS benefits before their adoption can succeed. With standardization trends adopted by HRIS vendors, complete organizational fit between adopted HRIS and business processes may be elusive for adopters suggesting that post‐adoption vendor support must be negotiated if costly customizations are to be minimized. In addition to various organizational factors, including management commitment and human capability, the authors also find that broader environmental factors including regulatory compliance can have a deep impact on the success of HRIS adoption by creating urgency in adoption intentions., – There is paucity of research concerning HRIS adoption in the public sector which presents unique challenges due to its idiosyncrasies. This paper contributes to the existing body knowledge by investigating the role of technological, organizational, and environmental factors and their interactions. It provides an improved understanding of the challenges related to HRIS adoption in public sector organizations.

the self-report questionnaire that faithfully reflects the emotional factors related to electronic commerce systems. The second study focused on determining the important graphic design factors from the customer’s perspective. The causal relations between the emotional factors and design factors were established in the third study, and verified in the final study. Results indicate that it is possible to manipulate the graphic design factors of the customer interface in order to induce a target emotion, such as trustworthiness. These results have important implication for the design and implementation of emotionally usable electronic commerce systems.

portuguesO setor agroindustrial tem crescido, a nivel mundial, a um ritmo muito consideravel ao longo dos ultimos anos. Exemplo deste crescimento e o setor de producao de cogumelo, cuja especificidade do processo produtivo obriga a que os recursos empregues sejam otimizados e controlados ao mais infimo detalhe. Em virtude de a literatura nao apresentar uma solucao transversal para o setor de atividade referido, propusemo-nos a desenhar uma proposta tecnologica de um sistema de informacao para o setor da producao de cogumelo. A proposta apresentada, composta por 13 blocos funcionais interligados, foi o resultado de uma analise critica dos requisitos tecnicos e funcionais do Grupo Sousacamp – um exemplo de organizacao pertencente ao setor de producao de cogumelo – a luz das teorias de adocao de tecnologias ao nivel das organizacoes. EnglishThe agri-food industry has been growing at a considerable pace over the recent years. An example of this growth is the mushroom production sector, whose specificities associated with the production process enforce a very controlled management of all the resources applied to that activity. Considering that the existing literature does not present a transverse solution to the referred activity sector, we have endured in an effort to present a technological proposal for an information system directed to the mushroom production sector. The presented proposal, composed by 13 interconnected functional blocks, is the result of a detailed analysis to the technical and functional requirements of Sousacamp Group – a leading organization from the mushroom production sector – merged with the arguments and perspectives presented by technology adoption theories.

ion and Generalization Relates to the researcher providing idiographic details of data interpretation leading to a theory describing human understanding and social action to Abstraction focused on the context of the study, as well as theories of digital literacy and technology adoption with the aim of informing future studies in a similar context. A single location was used in the 178 facilitate understanding on the part of the reader. research. For generalization to be a possibility, multiple locations and how the deviations between these locations impact on the study will have to be investigated. Such a study may facilitate generalization. However, for the purposes of the current study, no such generalizations were attempted. Diagonal Reasoning Relates to addressing possible theoretical preconceptions from the research design to the actual research findings. In the analysis phase undertaken in Section 7.3, the interpretations were done in line with the theoretical underpinnings of digital literacy and technology adoption. Any deviations due to context sensitivity are noted in that section. Multiple Interpretations Openness to the fact that participants can provide different interpretations of the same sequence of events. It was noted that, despite the participants experiencing similar challenges related to resource-constraints, their attitude and interpretations impacted their interaction with the learners differently. This led them to view digital literacy needs and challenges in the area differently. However, the collaboration undertaken by the participants enabled them to be informed about the views their peers had, and potentially cross-pollinated their view and interpretations of the phenomena they were experiencing. Suspicion Being aware of biases and distortions in narratives from participants The researcher anticipated differing accounts of similar experiences. A tool that was used extensively to counter this challenge was the semi-structure one-onone interviews. These semi-structured interviews were adapted slightly based on the responses of the participant interviewed. However, the main structure remained, sp as to capture as many of the attributes related to concepts being investigated as possible. The principles of hermeneutics clearly align with the empirical data and the associated findings. The significance of hermeneutics in explaining phenomena related to ICT was succinctly articulated by Boland (2002) and Cohen et al. (2007). As previously pointed out, Cohen et al. (2007) focused hermeneutics on the interaction of the researcher and the 179 participants, and the interpretations provided by researchers on the activities of the participants in relation to the phenomena under study. However, according to Boland (2002), the view of ICT as a hermeneutic process deviates from seeing ICT as a tool to achieve user objectives, socio-economic or otherwise, to seeing ICT as facilitating an environment of acting out interpretations, that is, actively appropriating meaning about our situations and ourselves. In the context of the current research, this would mean that ICT would extend beyond simple pedagogy to information dissemination and sharing between learners and teachers, between teachers, and among both learners and teachers. These aspirations may potentially be achieved through enhanced levels of digital literacy from both teachers and learners, which will clearly be facilitated by technology adoption. Having aligned the principles of hermeneutics to the findings and data of the current research, the next section undertakes the integration process in line with the sequential explanatory mixed method research. 7-4-2. Integration Each of the survey results will be combined with observation results as well as the interview results, where applicable. This will be complemented by literature or references to literature in order to support or contradict the empirical results. The integration process will use results from Tables 6.7, 6.8, and 6.11. For the participant observations in Table 6.8, ideas with no impact are excluded. Table 7-6 illustrates the integration process: Table 7-6: Integration of quantitative and qualitative results Quantitative Qualitative Survey Observation Interview

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between investments in information technology, manufacturing plant strategies and their impact on business process outsourcing (BPO) in manufacturing plants. Using survey data from US manufacturing plants, we develop a theoretical framework for studying the antecedents of BPO at the plant level. Our analysis suggests that the level of information technology (IT) investments, as a percentage of plant sales, is positively associated with the outsourcing of plant production activities. We also find that plants with higher levels of in-house software infrastructure are less likely to outsource plant support business processes. Furthermore, we find that plant manufacturing strategies and other plant-specific characteristics, such as production volume and the degree of worker unionization, also have a significant impact on the types of business processes that are outsourced. Managerial and research implications of our research into the antecedents of BPO are summarized.

[Abstract] This paper examines the extent to which the adoption of CRM software packages is a pre-requisite of customer orientation strategies of small firms. This is done by conducting an empirical investigation into the internal determinants of CRM adoption behavior of 179 randomly selected small firms in the Northern Jutland region of Denmark. The results suggest that top managers in these firms endorse the strategic value of customer orientation to their businesses but do not consider CRM software packages as necessary for building strong relationships with their customers. This suggests that small firms may make their CRM adoption/rejection decisions on the basis of a trade-off between expected benefits from using the available CRM packages compared with alternative modes of achieving customer loyalty.

XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is emerging as the industry standard platform for application integration and many organizations are either adopting the technology or seriously evaluating this option. One of the major concerns of the senior management in such an endeavor is the cost associated with the decision. In this paper, a model is proposed to evaluate an organization’s position in an XML adoption space by evaluating its current level of IT sophistication. The model identifies critical factors necessary for the successful adoption of XML technology along three dimensions – intranet, extranet and Internet. A simulation experiment is conducted to find the most cost effective strategy for allocating the resources to achieve the desired goal. Two options are evaluated under the constraint that the organization can increment the diffusion level of a factor only by a fixed amount. It has been observed that improving the factor that has the highest significance in the dimension in which the company needs to improve most is a more effective strategy than improving the diffusion level of the factor that has organization-wide highest importance.

XBRL is an emerging innovation that has the potential to play an important role in the electronic production and consumption of financial information. Since the organizational adoption of XBRL is not well understood, we use an exploratory approach grounded in qualitative data to provide an analysis of the reasons for its relatively limited uptake in Australia. Our analysis synthesises a technology-organization-environment adoption model that explains the XBRL innovation outcome in this context. The research confirms the usefulness of this approach for studying network innovations in electronic business and markets, and extends it to a novel innovation domain. It adds a new dimension to such studies by emphasizing the interactions that occur between innovation adoption factors in the diffusion of complex network innovations. The research also has implications for policy-makers and adoption decision-makers in Australia and other similar contexts.

Within the complex context of high performance computing (HPC), the factors influencing technology adoption decisions remain largely unexplored. This study extends Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) and Human-Organization-Technology fit (HOT-fit) theories into an integrated model, to explore the impact of ten factors on cloud computing adoption decisions in the HPC context. The results suggest that adopters and non-adopters have different perceptions of the indirect benefits, adequacy of resources, top management support, and compatibility of adopting cloud computing for HPC. In addition, perceptions of the indirect benefits and HPC competences can be used to predict the cloud computing adoption decision for HPC. This is one of the first studies in the information systems (IS) literature exploring the factors impacting the cloud computing adoption decision in the important context of HPC. It integrates two influential technology adoption theories and enhances understanding of the key factors influencing organizations’ cloud computing adoption decisions in this context.

With the recognition of the importance of organizational knowledge management (KM), researchers have paid increasing attention to knowledge management systems (KMS). However, since most prior studies were conducted in the context of Western societies, we know little about KMS diffusion in other regional contexts. Moreover, even with the increasing recognition of the influence of social factors in KM practices, there is a dearth of studies that examine how unique social cultural factors affect KMS diffusion in specific countries. To fill in this gap, this study develops an integrated framework, with special consideration on the influence of social cultures, to understand KMS diffusion in Chinese enterprises. In our framework, we examine how specific technological, organizational, and social cultural factors can influence the three-stage KMS diffusion process, that is, initiation, adoption, and routinization. This study provides a holistic view of the KMS diffusion in Chinese enterprises with practical guidance for successful KMS implementation.

With the recent legislation providing financial incentives to physicians who acquire electronic health record systems, we will be afforded an opportunity to study incentivized adoption of technology coupled with the threat of future penalties for non-adoption. This research uses institutional theory to propose factors that are expected to influence the adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) by independent physician practices in the coming years. The study presents a model describing the role of coercive, mimetic, and normative forces on adoption intent. Payer incentives/penalties as well as dominant healthcare delivery partners will exert coercive pressures on physician practices. Additionally, since physicians identify with their own specialties, it is expected that they will also be subject to mimetic forces resulting from successful adoption by similar specialists, particularly given their concerns about expected benefits from these systems. Finally, normative forces resulting from the successful interoperation of electronic health records among regional providers should influence physician adoption. The ability to partner with other physicians and healthcare providers or vendors adopting the same system should increase individual practice adoption intent in the presence of coercive, mimetic, and/or normative forces.

With the ongoing process of building business networks in today’s economy, businessto-business integration (B2B Integration) has become a strategic tool for utilizing and optimizing information exchange between business partners. Industry and academia have made remarkable progress in implementing and conceptualizing different kinds of electronic inter-company relationships in the last years. Nevertheless, academic findings generally focus exclusively on certain aspects of the research object, e.g. document standards, process integration or other descriptive criteria. Without a common framework these results stay unrelated and their mutual impact on each other remains largely unexplained. In this paper we explore motivational factors of B2B integration in practice. In a research project using a uniform taxonomy (eXperience methodology) we classified real-world B2B integration projects from a pool of over 400 case studies using a pre-developed framework for integration scenarios. The result of our partly exploratory research shows the influence of the role of a company in the supply chain and its motive to invest in a B2B solution.

With the increased interest among organizations in managing Information Technology (IT) projects as a portfolio, there has been a growing need for research on factors influencing adoption of IT Project Portfolio Management (ITPPM). ITPPM allows organizations to improve the alignment of IT projects with organizational strategy, by balancing the risks and returns from inter-related projects. To contribute to our understanding of ITPPM, this study examines the adoption of ITPPM through the theoretical lens of diffusion of innovation. Using the technology, organization, and environment (TOE) framework, we model ITPPM adoption and test our model using survey data from 302 project managers. Our results show that an organization's external pressure, ITPPM costs, organizational support, quality of data on existing IT projects, number of IT projects within the organization, and business resistance are significantly related to the adoption decision. We also find interesting results in how expected benefits of ITPPM and compatibility are perceived as equally important by both adopters and nonadopters. In light of the increasingly complex IT project management environment faced by organizations, our paper helps managers to understand and focus on key enablers of ITPPM adoption and better manage ITPPM inhibitors.