相关论文
2012 - 2012 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation
The RoboEarth language: Representing and exchanging knowledge about actions, objects, and environments

The community-based generation of content has been tremendously successful in the World Wide Web - people help each other by providing information that could be useful to others. We are trying to transfer this approach to robotics in order to help robots acquire the vast amounts of knowledge needed to competently perform everyday tasks. RoboEarth is intended to be a web community by robots for robots to autonomously share descriptions of tasks they have learned, object models they have created, and environments they have explored. In this paper, we report on the formal language we developed for encoding this information and present our approaches to solve the inference problems related to finding information, to determining if information is usable by a robot, and to grounding it on the robot platform.

1999 - Sociological Research Online
Realtime Interviewing Using the World Wide Web

This paper outlines the adaptation of in-depth interviewing using World Wide Web-based interviewing software between the interviewer and their subject. Through a structured, realtime interviewing process the researcher is able to use the Internet to facilitate communication, recording interviews directly to a file without incurring the costs associated with traditional face-to-face or telephone interviews. The benefits of this approach are the ability of the researcher to conduct inexpensive interviewing over distances and elimination of transcription costs from the research process, allowing the researcher to undertake a wider range of interviews than may be possible on a limited budget. The interview method has problems associated with the depth of material available from this approach, the loss of paralinguistic cues and the limited size of the available sample, limitations that must be accounted for by any researcher considering using the approach.

2003 - Journal of professional nursing : official journal of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing
Predictors of student satisfaction in distance-delivered graduate nursing courses: what matters most?

This article describes a study designed to investigate graduate nursing students' satisfaction with a course taught via interactive video teleconferencing (IVT) and the World Wide Web/Internet (WWW/INT). A correlational research design examined the relationships among 5 learner attributes and 3 instructional variables and student satisfaction. Regression analyses identified learner attributes and instructional variables predictive of student satisfaction. Forty-three graduate nurse students were surveyed using a 59-item Student Satisfaction Survey (SSS). Learner attribute predictors included: (1) previous technology courses, (2) technology competence, (3) between-class technology usage, (4) age, and (5) remote-site group size. Instructional predictors were clustered into 3 dimensions: instructor/instruction, technology, and course management. Student satisfaction was a composite of overall satisfaction with the course and comparison with conventional classroom courses. Instructor/instruction explained 21 percent of the variance in course satisfaction scores. Overall instructor rating strongly correlated with satisfaction. The most potent finding was that good pedagogy is important to students' perceived satisfaction with distance education. Students acclimate to the instructional reality-traditional, campus-based face-to-face instruction, or technology-mediated distance education-and once accustomed, it is the quality and effectiveness of instructor and instruction, not the technology, that is associated with satisfaction. The findings of this study provide essential information to faculty responsible for the design and delivery of effective instruction and to students pursuing flexible and convenient options for advanced education.

2004 - Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing
Using technology to promote self-efficacy for healthy eating in adolescents.

PURPOSE To test the effects of a classroom and World Wide Web (WWW) educational intervention on self-efficacy (SE) for healthy eating (HE) and to examine the relationship of the theoretical concepts in a hypothesized model of eating behavior in adolescents. DESIGN A quasiexperimental pretest, posttest design was used in a random sample of students in two junior high schools. METHODS The intervention consisted of a combination of 5 hours of Web-based instruction and 10 hours of classroom curriculum, compared to nutrition education embedded in the standard school curriculum during a 1-month period. Participants completed six questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t tests, and Pearson's r correlation coefficient. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS The intervention group had significantly higher scores for SE for fruits and vegetables, SE for lower fat, usual food choices, and dietary knowledge of fat compared to the control group. No difference was found between groups in food consumption. Self-efficacy was significantly associated with dietary knowledge of lower fat, usual food choices, and was inversely associated with lower-fat consumption in the hypothesized model of eating behavior. The intervention was tailored to the social and developmental preferences of adolescents and effectively increased SE for HE. The mediating role of SE in the hypothesized model of adolescent eating behavior warrants further investigation.

2013 - Nucleic Acids Research
WormBase 2014: new views of curated biology

WormBase (http://www.wormbase.org/) is a highly curated resource dedicated to supporting research using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. With an electronic history predating the World Wide Web, WormBase contains information ranging from the sequence and phenotype of individual alleles to genome-wide studies generated using next-generation sequencing technologies. In recent years, we have expanded the contents to include data on additional nematodes of agricultural and medical significance, bringing the knowledge of C. elegans to bear on these systems and providing support for underserved research communities. Manual curation of the primary literature remains a central focus of the WormBase project, providing users with reliable, up-to-date and highly cross-linked information. In this update, we describe efforts to organize the original atomized and highly contextualized curated data into integrated syntheses of discrete biological topics. Next, we discuss our experiences coping with the vast increase in available genome sequences made possible through next-generation sequencing platforms. Finally, we describe some of the features and tools of the new WormBase Web site that help users better find and explore data of interest.

1998 - Internet Res.
Marketing opportunities in the digital world

With the birth of the World Wide Web, the current decade has witnessed tremendous evolution in the media environment, and indicates that electronic commerce, defined as the electronic exchange of information, goods, services, and payments, has finally come of age. Despite the fast‐growing popularity of electronic commerce and presence of many companies on the virtual market, the opportunities offered by this new environment are still unknown. Many marketers still approach the Web based on the traditional mass communication model. The paper addresses the opportunities offered by the Web to marketers. Its approach considers the Web as a two‐way communication model in which four different communication states can take place. The paper also suggests the necessity of new concepts and models for marketers to manage their Web sites, and then presents the opportunities supporting the marketers’ objectives in the new environment.

2007
The Online Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease; Chapter 3.1: Metabolism and Metabolic Disease Resources on the Web, Page 1

1. The World Wide Web has changed the way people shop, communicate, and learn. It also has fundamentally changed the way information is shared. The Web has had a particularly profound effect in the life sciences, in which the rapid compilation and exchange of large volumes of information increasingly is becoming the norm. 2. Hundreds of online databases containing tens of gigabytes of biochemical or genetic data, along with hundreds of online tutorials covering thousands of biomedical subjects, are now available on the Web. These information-rich Web resources are becoming integral to many aspects of modern biology and biomedical research. 3. This chapter reviews some of the key online database that are dedicated to explaining or displaying up-to-date information on metabolism, metabolic pathways, and metabolic diseases, including (1) metabolic pathway databases, (2) metabolomic databases, (3) genetic and metabolic disease databases, (4) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and mutation databases, and (5) sequence databases. 4. Most online metabolic pathway databases are image-rich tools that are designed to facilitate the exploration of metabolism and metabolites across many different species. These databases also serve as a backbone to facilitate many practical applications in biology, including comparative genomics, targeted genome annotation, metabolite tracing, diet prediction, metabolic engineering, and metabolic simulation. Metabolic pathway databases often have served as the basis for understanding the genetic origins of newly discovered metabolic disorders, tracing the chemical or enzymatic origins of disease-associated metabolites, and suggesting potential dietary and drug interventions to treat inborn errors of metabolism. 5. Metabolomic databases such as the Human Metabolite Database (HMDB); ( http://www.hmdb.ca) tend to offer a much more comprehensive view of human metabolism by combining detailed chemical data [such as assigned mass spectometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of pure metabolites] that would appeal to clinical chemists with detailed sequence, pathway, genetic, physiologic, and disease information that would appeal to clinicians and medical geneticists. 6. Online genetic/metabolic disease databases such as Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM); ( http://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=OMIM) and MetaGene ( http://www.metagene.de/index.html) are critical in providing up-to-date information and context to the many hundreds of inherited conditions that have been found or identified over the last quarter century. The growth in the number of online genetic and metabolic resources over the last decade has paralleled the growth in online resources and online databases for metabolic pathways and metabolomics. 7. Web-based SNP and mutation databases represent an important resource for understanding the molecular basis of many genetic disorders, including inherited metabolic diseases. Fundamentally, SNP and mutation databases provide key insights into the molecular-scale defects that affect the expression or activity of many disease-associated proteins. Because disease mutations rarely are reported in the literature and because the quantity of known disease mutations is so large, the existence of these online databases is critical to ensuring that this information is not lost to the scientific community. 8. Today's Web-based resources provide a remarkably rich collection of data, images, movies, and diagrams that can be searched, browsed, and displayed easily. They also offer flexibility in exploring the details of almost any human disease, gene, metabolite, or metabolic pathway that has ever been found or described.

2011 - 2011 11th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots
Robotic roommates making pancakes

In this paper we report on a recent public experiment that shows two robots making pancakes using web instructions. In the experiment, the robots retrieve instructions for making pancakes from the World Wide Web and generate robot action plans from the instructions. This task is jointly performed by two autonomous robots: The first robot opens and closes cupboards and drawers, takes a pancake mix from the refrigerator, and hands it to the robot B. The second robot cooks and flips the pancakes, and then delivers them back to the first robot. While the robot plans in the scenario are all percept-guided, they are also limited in different ways and rely on manually implemented sub-plans for parts of the task. We will thus discuss the potential of the underlying technologies as well as the research challenges raised by the experiment.

2007 - Theory Pract. Log. Program.
N3Logic: A logical framework for the World Wide Web

The Semantic Web drives toward the use of the Web for interacting with logically interconnected data. Through knowledge models such as Resource Description Framework (RDF), the Semantic Web provides a unifying representation of richly structured data. Adding logic to the Web implies the use of rules to make inferences, choose courses of action, and answer questions. This logic must be powerful enough to describe complex properties of objects but not so powerful that agents can be tricked by being asked to consider a paradox. The Web has several characteristics that can lead to problems when existing logics are used, in particular, the inconsistencies that inevitably arise due to the openness of the Web, where anyone can assert anything. N3Logic is a logic that allows rules to be expressed in a Web environment. It extends RDF with syntax for nested graphs and quantified variables and with predicates for implication and accessing resources on the Web, and functions including cryptographic, string, math. The main goal of N3Logic is to be a minimal extension to the RDF data model such that the same language can be used for logic and data. In this paper, we describe N3Logic and illustrate through examples why it is an appropriate logic for the Web.

2006 - J. Comput. Mediat. Commun.
Hyperlink Analyses of the World Wide Web: A Review

We have recently witnessed the growth of hyperlink studies in the field of Internet research. Although investigations have been conducted across many disciplines and topics, their approaches can be largely divided into hyperlink network analysis (HNA) and Webometrics. This article is an extensive review of the two analytical methods, and a reflection on their application. HNA casts hyperlinks between Web sites (or Web pages) as social and communicational ties, applying standard techniques from Social Networks Analysis to this new data source. Webometrics has tended to apply much simpler techniques combined with a more in-depth investigation into the validity of hypotheses about possible interpretations of the results. We conclude that hyperlinks are a highly promising but problematic new source of data that can be mined for previously hidden patterns of information, although much care must be taken in the collection of raw data and in the interpretation of the results. In particular, link creation is an unregulated phenomenon and so it would not be sensible to assume that the meaning of hyperlinks in any given context is evident, without a systematic study of the context of link creation, and of the relationship between link counts, among other measurements. Social Networks Analysis tools and techniques form an excellent resource for hyperlink analysis, but should only be used in conjunction with improved techniques for data collection, validation and interpretation.

2005 - Comput. Environ. Urban Syst.
The emergence of geoportals and their role in spatial data infrastructures

Abstract Geoportals are World Wide Web gateways that organize content and services such as directories, search tools, community information, support resources, data and applications. This paper traces the emergence of geoportals, outlining the significance of developments in enterprise GIS and national spatial data infrastructures (SDIs), with particular reference to the US experience. Our objectives are principally pedagogic, in order to relate the development of geoportals to SDI initiatives and to review recent technological breakthroughs––specifically the development of direct access facilities for application services and metadata records, and the facility to utilize services directly from conventional desktop GIS applications. We also discuss the contributions that geoportals and SDI have made to simplifying access to GI, and their contribution to diffusing GI concepts, databases, techniques and models. Finally, the role of geoportals in electronic government (e-Government) is considered.

1999 - Inf. Soc.
Information Privacy in the Marketspace: Implications for the Commercial Uses of Anonymity on the Web

While there is no question that the commercial development of the World Wide Web is still in its infancy and growing rapidly, this development faces a serious barrier to ultimate commercialization. In this article we develop the argument that the primary barrier to the successful commercial development of the Web is the current lack of consumer trust in this new commercial medium. This lack of trust is engendered primarily by the industry's documented failure to respond satisfactorily to mounting consumer concerns over information privacy in electronic, networked environments. We examine how such concerns are affecting the growth and development of consumer-oriented commercial activity on the World Wide Web and investigate the implications of these concerns for potential industry response. In the short run, the commercial development of the Web depends on giving consumers the opportunity to be anonymous when engaging in information exchanges and online transactions. Ultimately, however, commercial Web pro...

2000 - Decis. Support Syst.
Prediction of Internet and World Wide Web usage at work: a test of an extended Triandis model

Abstract The Internet/World Wide Web (WWW) has significantly impacted every facet of operations in organizations. As information systems, including Decision Support Systems, are rapidly moving to the Internet platform to facilitate remote access and group cooperation, it is crucial to understand the adoption process of the Internet. This paper studies various factors affecting Internet/WWW usage in working environments. Previous studies on Internet or WWW usage have adopted the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as their research framework. As such, important factors, such as facilitating conditions and social factors, which we consider important in explaining the use of the Internet/WWW, were left out. Therefore, a more comprehensive theoretical model is constructed for this study by modifying the Triandis social psychological model based on the results of previous studies. Factor analysis and multiple regression were used to analyze data collected from 241 questionnaires. The results support our modified model. Facilitating conditions and social factors are confirmed as the two most important factors affecting Internet/WWW usage. Other significant factors include perceived near-term consequences and perceived complexity. All new paths that we have added to the original Triandis model are found to be significant. The proposed model should provide a valuable alternative theoretical basis for technology adoption studies in the future.

2016
Introduction to Random Graphs

From social networks such as Facebook, the World Wide Web and the Internet, to the complex interactions between proteins in the cells of our bodies, we constantly face the challenge of understanding the structure and development of networks. The theory of random graphs provides a framework for this understanding, and in this book the authors give a gentle introduction to the basic tools for understanding and applying the theory. Part I includes sufficient material, including exercises, for a one semester course at the advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate level. The reader is then well prepared for the more advanced topics in Parts II and III. A final part provides a quick introduction to the background material needed. All those interested in discrete mathematics, computer science or applied probability and their applications will find this an ideal introduction to the subject.

1997 - Proceedings 1997 IEEE Knowledge and Data Engineering Exchange Workshop
Grouping Web page references into transactions for mining World Wide Web browsing patterns

Web-based organizations often generate and collect large volumes of data in their daily operations. Analyzing such data involves the discovery of meaningful relationships from a large collection of primarily unstructured data, often stored in Web server access logs. While traditional domains for data mining, such as point of sale databases, have naturally defined transactions, there is no convenient method of clustering web references into transactions. This paper identifies a model of user browsing behavior that separates web page references into those made for navigation purposes and those for information content purposes. A transaction identification method based on the browsing model is defined and successfully tested against other methods, such as the maximal forward reference algorithm proposed in (Chen et al., 1996). Transactions identified by the proposed methods are used to discover association rules from real world data using the WEBMINER system.

1997 - IEEE Multim.
Visually Searching the Web for Content

New visual information in the form of images, graphics, animations and videos is published on the World Wide Web at an incredible rate. However, cataloging it exceeds the capabilities of current text-based Web search engines. WebSeek provides a complete system that collects visual information from the Web by automated agents, then catalogs and indexes it for fast searching and retrieval.

2004 - ACM Trans. Internet Techn.
Selective Markov models for predicting Web page accesses

The problem of predicting a user's behavior on a Web site has gained importance due to the rapid growth of the World Wide Web and the need to personalize and influence a user's browsing experience. Markov models and their variations have been found to be well suited for addressing this problem. Of the different variations of Markov models, it is generally found that higher-order Markov models display high predictive accuracies on Web sessions that they can predict. However, higher-order models are also extremely complex due to their large number of states, which increases their space and run-time requirements. In this article, we present different techniques for intelligently selecting parts of different order Markov models so that the resulting model has a reduced state complexity, while maintaining a high predictive accuracy.

1998 - Science
Strong regularities in world wide web surfing

One of the most common modes of accessing information in the World Wide Web is surfing from one document to another along hyperlinks. Several large empirical studies have revealed common patterns of surfing behavior. A model that assumes that users make a sequence of decisions to proceed to another page, continuing as long as the value of the current page exceeds some threshold, yields the probability distribution for the number of pages that a user visits within a given Web site. This model was verified by comparing its predictions with detailed measurements of surfing patterns. The model also explains the observed Zipf-like distributions in page hits observed at Web sites.

2004 - WWW '04
Adaptive web search based on user profile constructed without any effort from users

Web search engines help users find useful information on the World Wide Web (WWW). However, when the same query is submitted by different users, typical search engines return the same result regardless of who submitted the query. Generally, each user has different information needs for his/her query. Therefore, the search result should be adapted to users with different information needs. In this paper, we first propose several approaches to adapting search results according to each user's need for relevant information without any user effort, and then verify the effectiveness of our proposed approaches. Experimental results show that search systems that adapt to each user's preferences can be achieved by constructing user profiles based on modified collaborative filtering with detailed analysis of user's browsing history in one day.

2004 - Nucleic acids research
Sfold web server for statistical folding and rational design of nucleic acids

The Sfold web server provides user-friendly access to Sfold, a recently developed nucleic acid folding software package, via the World Wide Web (WWW). The software is based on a new statistical sampling paradigm for the prediction of RNA secondary structure. One of the main objectives of this software is to offer computational tools for the rational design of RNA-targeting nucleic acids, which include small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), antisense oligonucleotides and trans-cleaving ribozymes for gene knock-down studies. The methodology for siRNA design is based on a combination of RNA target accessibility prediction, siRNA duplex thermodynamic properties and empirical design rules. Our approach to target accessibility evaluation is an original extension of the underlying RNA folding algorithm to account for the likely existence of a population of structures for the target mRNA. In addition to the application modules Sirna, Soligo and Sribo for siRNAs, antisense oligos and ribozymes, respectively, the module Srna offers comprehensive features for statistical representation of sampled structures. Detailed output in both graphical and text formats is available for all modules. The Sfold server is available at http://sfold.wadsworth.org and http://www.bioinfo.rpi.edu/applications/sfold.

Mfold web server for nucleic acid folding and hybridization prediction

Michael Zuker
|
M. Zuker

Abstract:The abbreviated name, 'mfold web server', describes a number of closely related software applications available on the World Wide Web (WWW) for the prediction of the secondary structure of single stranded nucleic acids. The objective of this web server is to provide easy access to RNA and DNA folding and hybridization software to the scientific community at large. By making use of universally available web GUIs (Graphical User Interfaces), the server circumvents the problem of portability of this software. Detailed output, in the form of structure plots with or without reliability information, single strand frequency plots and 'energy dot plots', are available for the folding of single sequences. A variety of 'bulk' servers give less information, but in a shorter time and for up to hundreds of sequences at once. The portal for the mfold web server is http://www.bioinfo.rpi.edu/applications/mfold. This URL will be referred to as 'MFOLDROOT'.

摘要：缩写名称MFold Web服务器描述了万维网(WWW)上可用于预测单链核酸二级结构的许多密切相关的软件应用程序。该网络服务器的目标是为广大科学界提供使用RNA和DNA折叠和杂交软件的便捷途径。通过使用普遍可用的网络图形用户界面(图形用户界面)，服务器绕过了该软件的可移植性问题。具有或不具有可靠性信息的结构图、单链频率图和‘能量点图’形式的详细输出可用于单序列的折叠。各种各样的“批量”服务器提供的信息较少，但时间更短，一次最多可以处理数百个序列。MFold Web服务器的门户是http://www.bioinfo.rpi.edu/applications/mfold.此URL将被称为‘MFOLDROOT’。

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