相关论文
2006 - AMCIS
IT Governance in Virtual Communities: An exploration of the issues in the Caribbean context

With the increased usage of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to facilitate information sharing and exchange, there has been increased development of and participation in virtual communities. In the Caribbean context, virtual communities are being formed in various sectors (public, private, NGO) in the region for collaboration and information sharing purposes. With the reliance of virtual communities on information and communication technologies, effective IT governance may be critical to the success of a virtual community. This paper presents research which will examine the current state of IT governance in virtual communities in the Caribbean, using a research model. This research will then guide the development of an IT governance framework for virtual communities with special reference to the Caribbean context.

2012
An information security governance framework for the public Sector in Kenya

One of the main assets of any institution, be it a private company or a government institution, is information. This being the case, it is imperative for every institution to institute appropriate measures to ensure security of its information. Many reasons have been cited as contributories to breaches of information security. Among this reasons, one which has become quite salient is lack of information security governance framework for institutions to follow while implementing information security measures. Therefore, lack of information security governance framework having been identified as one of the main factors that contribute to the slow progress in implementation of information security measures in institutions including those in public sector then the study sought to propose an information security governance framework for ensuring security of IT resources in the public sector in Kenya. In an effort to actualize the study, several objectives that were meant to guide in carrying out our research were. To determine the effectiveness with which the public sector in Kenya is currently addressing the challenge of information security, to identify security challenges facing the public sector in Kenya, to identity the members of staff responsible for information security in public institutions in Kenya and to propose a framework for adoption in the public sector in Kenya for information security governance. To achieve the said objectives, the study used survey design as the research methodology, in which information was gathered through administration of questionnaires to a sample of respondents from public institution in Kenya. The institutions were drawn from the three main categories of institutions in the public sector i.e. Central Government, Local Government and State Corporations. For data analysis, SPSS statistical software version 16.0 was utilized. During data analysis there emerged some issues worth noting. In conclusion, the study demonstrated how each of the outlined objectives of the study was achieved. Further, recommendations were given for further study especially where it was recommended that a study need to be carried out to shed more light into the fact that in most of the institutions, it is the Unit Heads who are responsible for most of information security roles.

2019 - BMSD
On the Roles of Project, Program and Portfolio Governance

This work proposes a new motivation for a literature review on the concepts of roles in project, program and portfolio governance within organizational overall governance. Recent literature has been promoting a paradigm change in the way how the research and practitioner communities should approach project management. Under such change, it mattered to better understand in a first moment which drivers regarding project, program and portfolio governance roles motivated or, in part, enabled such change. In a second moment the focus was placed on the way how project, program and portfolio governance roles (whereas the concept of role demonstrates to need clarifications under the main standards and practitioners books) are addressed from that paradigm shift onwards. As a result, we concluded that current standards and practitioners books do not promote and effective integration with organizational governance, and although initiatives as Research Project Management promote a shift by addressing a required multidisciplinary approach on project management discipline, such governance alignment is yet to be achieved. The conclusion and final remarks on the future work, stresses onto the evidenced gaps in promoting a coherent set of theories, models and tools in project management discipline, and the apparent suitability of Enterprise Engineering discipline to address them.

2010 - MOEMS-MEMS
MOEMS for space application: the European Space Agency strategy for photonics components

Miniaturisation of scientific instrumentation for space applications leads to better use of the available resources (e.g. volume, mass and power) which can create the potential to integrate more complex functionality. MEMS and in particular MOEMS devices have already a wide range of applications in terrestrial industries (beamers, telecom switching, etc). MOEMS are, of course, very promising for future space applications because of their potential to reduce mass, size and consequently launch costs. However, ESA interest in MOEMS is above all generated by their mission enabling capabilities such as for example MEMS shutters or micro-mirrors for MOS (Multi-Object Spectrometers). The primary objective of this paper is to demonstrate the potential of Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MOEMS), and to illustrate the available European sources of MOEMS components for applications in space. The paper will also give a general overview of the ESA strategy for Photonics components with space applications in mind. This strategy is documented in the Photonics dossier currently being drafted to capture future technology needs related to European space activities for the forthcoming 5 years.

2018 - 2018 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM)
One Size Does Not Fit All: Predicting Product Returns in E-Commerce Platforms

Providing easy and hassle-free product returns have become a norm for e-commerce companies. However, this flexibility on the part of the customer causes the respective e-commerce companies to incur heavy losses because of the delivery logistics involved and the eventual lower resale value of the product returned. In this paper, we consider data from one of the leading Indian e-commerce companies and investigate the problem of product returns across different lifestyle verticals. One of the striking observations from our measurements is that most of the returns take place for apparels/garments and the major reason for the return as cited by the customers is the “size/fit” issue. Here we develop, based on past purchase/return data, a model that given a user, a brand and a size of the product can predict whether the user is going to eventually return the product. The methodological novelty of our model is that it combines concepts from network science and machine learning to make the predictions. Across three different major verticals of various sizes, we obtain overall F-score improvements between 10%–25% over a naïve baseline where the clusters are obtained using simple random walk with restarts.

2013 - Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management at Cornell University Research Paper Series
Does Inventory Productivity Predict Future Stock Returns? A Retailing Industry Perspective

We find that inventory productivity strongly predicts future stock returns among a sample of publicly listed U.S. retailers during the period from 1985 to 2010. A zero-cost portfolio investment strategy, which consists of buying from the two highest and selling from the two lowest quintiles formed on inventory turnover, earns more than 1% average monthly abnormal return benchmarked to the Fama-French-Carhart four-factor model. Our results are robust to different measures of inventory productivity, distinct from the well-known firm characteristics known to generate abnormal returns, and not driven by a particular sub-sample period. A longitudinal analysis of portfolio returns over longer holding periods shows that, while inventory productivity is predictive of stock returns, its information dissipates about 1-2 years after release.

2004
The Congruence of Shareholder and Bondholder Governance

A control device for varying the ratio of a hydrostatic transmission or torque converter in response to changes in the load and speed of the prime mover during the transmission. The device senses the load by sensing changes in the vacuum of the intake manifold and senses the speed by utilizing a gear pump driven by the prime mover with the output of the gear pump being modified to correspond to the power curve of the prime mover by either pressure relief means or use of a cam system. The sensed conditions of speed and load are utilized to provide a combined signal to operate a servo which makes adjustments in the ratio of the transmission. In several embodiments, the output of the combined signal is applied to a pilot spool of the servo device through a bar linkage which also is part of the throttle linkage so that changes in load and speed of the prime mover during operation will cause adjustments in the throttle setting.

2019 - Journal of Engineering and Technology Management
Determinants of maintenance performance: A resource-based view and agency theory approach

Abstract This study aims to examine the effects of maintenance service firms’ resources and capabilities on maintenance performance, measured by the turnaround time of medical devices (TAT). The theoretical framework used in this study is based on the resource-based view (RBV) and agency theory (AT). The hypotheses were tested using information on 764 medical devices and 60 maintenance service providers, resulting in 1403 maintenance transactions. As such, our data sample is significantly larger than those used in previous studies in this area. For this study we used a variation of the proportional hazards model, the conditional frailty gap time hazards model. The empirical analysis of this research is among the first to quantify how the performance of maintenance providers is affected by the core constructs of both the resource-based view and agency theory, using statistical evidence.

2000 - Latin American Economics
Telecommunications Liberalization and Regulatory Governance: Lessons from Latin America

The role of the state changed in Latin American and Caribbean countries between 1985 and 1995 as eight regulatory commissions were created (for the 19 countries in our regional sample). This institutional innovation was part of the liberalization process that has permeated the hemisphere. This study examines the determinants of telephone lines per capita, using economic, institutional and regulatory variables. Lacking information on total investment, we use lines as a proxy for telecommunications investment. The economic variables have the expected impacts. Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita affects investment in a positive way: telecommunications services are income-elastic. Openness (exports plus imports as a percentage of GDP) captures significant external links which require telecommunications to coordinate the production and delivery of goods and services. This variable had a positive (but not statistically significant) impact. Similarly, greater population density was a significant determinant of lines per capita for this particular sample of countries (reflecting lower cost of service for urban areas). Building on the work of Levy and Spiller (Regulations, Institutions, and Commitment: Comparative Studies of Telecommunications, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1996), we introduce institutional indices to capture the effects of political democracy, economic freedom, and a sound regulatory framework. The latter captures the degree of independence of the regulatory body, enforcement powers, neutrality, and mechanisms for resolving conflicts. It might be viewed as a proxy for serious reform initiatives (including reduction of entry barriers and privatization). The regulatory framework and freedom factors have significant positive impacts on telephone lines per capita. Another important explanatory variable is the number of cellular phones per capita. The positive impact is consistent with cellular being a complement for fixed line telephony. Alternatively, the positive impact could reflect a "competition effect" whereby competitive entrants in a liberalized sector stimulate improved performance (and additional investment) by incumbent wire-line firms.

2017 - Cybernetics and Systems
Decoding the Dynamics of Value Cocreation in Consumer Tribes: An Agency Theory Approach

ABSTRACT In the last decade, marketing studies have tried to define methodologies, models, and tools to support organizations in developing pathways “oriented to” and “based on” the value cocreation. To shed light on these dynamics, using the interpretative lens offered by Agency Theory, this study investigates the sociocultural and cognitive/figurative roots of the process of emergence of consumer tribes in which and by which value cocreation takes place. This paper offers a possible advancement in knowledge useful to define approaches, models, and instruments able to better explain and manage the dynamics of value cocreation.

1995 - Inf. Manag.
System development effectiveness: An agency theory perspective

Abstract Agency theory can be used to explain the effectiveness of system development methods. As the cost of computing decreases and end user computing technology becomes feasible, end-user departments are developing their own application systems. Agency theory suggests that end-users will desire greater autonomy over their computing in order to avoid the agency costs that arise in traditional MIS development. This study provides empirical support for the proposition that user development allows end-user departments to minimize the agency costs resulting from the work of the MIS department. Data were collected from 162 users of 59 different applications in 30 organizations. The results indicate that user development is more effective than MIS development. Among user-developed application systems, departmental applications are more effective than corporate applications.

2005 - American Journal of Political Science
Green Clubs and Voluntary Governance: ISO 14001 and Firms' Regulatory Compliance

Voluntary programs have become widespread tools for governments and nongovernmental actors looking to improve industry's environmental and regulatory performance. Voluntary programs can be conceptualized as club goods that provide nonrival but potentially excludable benefits to members. For firms, the value of joining a green club over taking the same actions unilaterally is to appropriate the club's positive brand reputation. Our analysis of about 3,700 U.S. facilities indicates that joining ISO 14001, an important nongovernmental voluntary program, improves facilities' compliance with government regulations. We conjecture that ISO 14001 is effective because its broad positive standing with external audiences provides a reputational benefit that helps induce facilities to take costly progressive environmental action they would not take unilaterally.

2006 - Latin American Economics
Improving Fiscal Governance and Curbing Corruption: How Relevant are Autonomous Audit Agencies?

This research underscores the limits of institutional design and constitutional engineering for improving the performance of government auditing. External factors, such as the functioning of the national system of fiscal control, the cycle of legislative accountability and the balance of political powers, matter greatly. A critical and often dysfunctional link is that between the AAA and their main principal, the legislature, as mediated by the legislature's public accounts committee. This functional relationship is particularly important in the monocratic and collegiate models of external auditing where the autonomous audit agency acts as an advisory body to the legislature, such as in Argentina. It is a crucial relationship to enforce ex post government accountability in financial matters through the annual certification of public accounts and the discharge of government.

1992
The Theory of Agency and Organizational Analysis

This paper distinguishes three overlapping literatures in agency theory, that focused on the theory of the firm or the positive theory of agency approach, that labeled as the risk and information or decision theoretic approach, and that denoted as the sociological or organizational or integrative social science approach. After describing each approach, the paper offers some criticisms of the economics-based approaches to agency from the perspective of other social science literatures and suggests some areas that should be of significant interest to scholars seeking to develop an agency-based theory of organizations. The paper concludes with some research questions that should be addressed in future work on agency and organizations.The publisher introduced significant errata during the publication process. This version, with corrections inserted, was posted in order to make a corrected copy generally available.

2005 - Manag. Sci.
Governance and CEO Turnover: Do Something or Do the Right Thing?

We study how corporate governance affects firm value through the decision of whether to fire or retain the chief executive officer CEO. We present a model in which weak governance---which prevents shareholders from controlling the board---protects inferior CEOs from dismissal, while at the same time insulates the board from pressures by biased or uninformed shareholders. Whether stronger governance improves retain/replace decisions depends on which of these effects dominates. We use our theoretical framework to assess the effect of governance on the quality of firing and hiring decisions using data on the CEO dismissals of large U.S. corporations during 1994--2007. Our findings are most consistent with a beneficent effect of weak governance on CEO dismissal decisions, suggesting that insulation from shareholder pressure may allow for better long-term decision making. This paper was accepted by Brad Barber, finance.

1994 - Managerial Auditing Journal
Agency Theory and the Internal Audit

Agency theory is extensively employed in the accounting literature to explain and predict the appointment and performance of external auditors. Argues that agency theory also provides a useful theoretical framework for the study of the internal auditing function. Proposes that agency theory not only helps to explain and predict the existence of internal audit but that it also helps to explain the role and responsibilities assigned to internal auditors by the organization, and that agency theory predicts how the internal audit function is likely to be affected by organizational change. Concludes that agency theory provides a basis for rich research which can benefit both the academic community and the internal auditing profession.

1999 - Administrative Science Quarterly
Institutionalized Action and Corporate Governance: The Reliance on Rules of CEO Succession

This paper follows an institutional theory of action in exploring the consequences of formal and informal rules on the chief executive officer (CEO) succession process. An analysis of the competing risks of insider versus outsider CEO succession in U.S. industrial corporations provides evidence that boards rely on both past precedents and formal internal labor markets for executive succession and the selection of insiders versus outsiders as CEOs. To exclude alternative explanations that view rules as epiphenomenal, I examine the moderating effects of performance, late CEO departures, the founder's power, and board structure on reliance on rules. The results show substantial inertia in the rules of CEO succession, consistent with an institutionalized action perspective. The findings suggest that rules both enable and constrain board decision making.

2003 - Journal of Finance
Entrenchment and Severance Pay in Optimal Governance Structures

This paper explores how motivating an incumbent CEO to undertake actions that improve the effectiveness of his management interacts with the firm's policy on CEO replacement. Such policy depends on the presence and the size of severance pay in the CEO's compensation package and on the CEO's influence on the board of directors regarding his own replacement (i.e., entrenchment). We explain when and why the combination of some degree of entrenchment and a sizeable severance package is desirable. The analysis offers predictions about the correlation between entrenchment, severance pay, and incentive compensation.

1998 - Academy of Management Journal
Internationalization and Firm Governance: The Roles of CEO Compensation, Top Team Composition, and Board Structure

Using the complementary lenses of information-processing and agency theories, this study tests the proposition that the complexity resulting from a firm's degree of internationalization will be acc...

2004 - IO: Firm Structure
Agency Theory and Executive Compensation: The Case of Chinese State‐Owned Enterprises

This article examines the extent to which agency theory may explain chief executive officer (CEO) compensation in Chinese state‐owned enterprises during the 1980s. We find support for the agency theory: CEO pay sensitivity decreases with the variance of performance. Moreover, the performance sensitivity of CEO pay increases with the marginal return to executive action. While the elasticity of pay to sales is slightly smaller than that found for conventional firms in the West generally, our estimate of the semielasticity of pay with respect to profitability is comparable with estimates for regulated industries in the United States.

Stewardship Theory or Agency Theory: CEO Governance and Shareholder Returns

Lex Donaldson
|
J. H. Davis
|
L. Donaldson
|
James H. Davis

Abstract:Agency theory argues that shareholder interests require protection by separation of incumbency of rôles of board chair and CEO. Stewardship theory argues shareholder interests are maximised by shared incumbency of these rôles. Results of an empirical test fail to support agency theory and provide some support for stewardship theory.

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