相关论文
2006 - Reclaiming and Rice Cultivation
Application and think for innovating rice seed resources

Through disentombing and analyzing the structure and function of gene, the article researched molecular inheritance for rice idioplasm, it through hybrid midterm material and polymerizing multiple advantageous characters to breed super rice seed.

2009
Screening of rich selenium of rice variety from Hainan regions rich in selenium

Selenium is an important life element in the environment,and it has significant influences on human being and animals as well as plants.In this study we planted varieties of rice in Danzhou Hainan regions that are rich in selenium.The results showed that unpolished rice of different varieties of rice Se contents the amplitude of changes were 0.100～1.256 mg·kg-1,The average Se contents in unpolished rice of those fourteen rice varieties in their matured time was 0.378 mg·kg-1,higher than the level in the national(0.025±0.011)mg·kg-1.The result presented that the Se contents in unpolished rice,shoots,chafft of rice of all the 14 varieties were ranked as follows: chafftunpolished ricestem;Se contents in unpolished rice,shoots,chafft of rice of varieties types have significant difference,and so did ability of accumulation in Se,and at last we obtained three natural varieties related in this experiment with comparative contents in Se by data analysis.

2012
Performance of introduced irrigated rice varieties in Ruzizi plain, South Kivu province, DR Congo

Resume In the frame work of the rice production intensification by IFDC project in Ruzizi plain in the Sud Kivu province, DR Congo, The Catholic University of Bukavu (UCB) and Evangelical University in Africa (UEA) are collaborating in research to develop high yielding irrigated rice varieties in Ruzizi plain. This is necessary in order to increase rice production to substitute importation of malt. Increasing rice production in Ruzizi plain will also contribute to food security and poverty alleviation for farmers. Trials were carried out in a randomised block design with 3 replications in 4 irrigated rice areas, i.e., Luvungi, Luberizi, Sange and Kiringye. Twenty four introduced varieties and 3 local varieties were evaluated. Two varieties among the 24 introductions yielded up to 8 tons per ha while five yielded up to 7 tons per ha. The local varieties yielded 2.5 tons per ha or less. The highest yield was recorded from Luberizi. The introduction; RW 17, RW 5, RW 9, RW 13 and V 27 yielded between 7.5 and 8 tons per ha. These varieties have low spikelet sterility and can thus be recommended to farmers. Fertilisation trials are also under way to assess potential of these lines for breeding purposes.

2020
Temperatura de secagem e qualidade de sementes de arroz

Using high quality seeds is important for the influence or yield of crops. The quality of the seeds can be observed during several different production processes, including the drying process, such as the inhibitory use or the water content of the seed mass, thus decreasing its metabolic activity and pest incidence. The objective of the work to evaluate the effect of drying temperature on the initial quality of rice seeds. For the tests, rice seeds of the cultivar IRGA 424 RI were used with a water content of 22%. After harvesting, seeds were divided into two temperatures, they were dried at different temperatures, the first experiment consisted of two temperatures of 30 and 37 ° C in the seed mass and the second experiment of four temperatures of 25, 30, 35 and 40 oC ± 2 ° C with false-bottom stationary dryers. After drying, the seeds were evaluated for physiological quality by testing the first germination count (PCG), germination (G) and seedling length (CP). The collected data were submitted to the Tukey test with 5% significance. The results indicate the analysis of two experiments with the use of a temperature of 40 ° C in the seed mass that provides rice seeds of the cultivar IRGA424RI with higher initial quality.

2013 - Plant Genetic Resources
Phenotypic characterization of indigenous rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm collected from the state of Nagaland, India

Nagaland is one of the eight states in the north-eastern region of India, where a considerable diversity exists in cultivated rice. Recent exploration in this tribal-dominated state has resulted in a collection of 130 rice accessions growing under diverse agroecological conditions. The agromorphological characterization data of 124 rice landraces revealed a significant variability in plant architecture and grain morphological and quality traits. Multivariate analyses including principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were performed to assess the patterns of morphological variation. The PCA extracted 12 components, which explained 75.4% of the total variation for 38 quantitative and qualitative traits. The cluster analysis grouped 124 rice landraces into five clusters, and the number of landraces in each cluster ranged from 1 to 59. The correlations among the traits are discussed, which will be useful in considering traits for genetic improvement in grain yield and quality. The landraces have been conserved in the national genebank for further utilization.

2015
Hybrid Rice Seed Treatment with Pesticides Improves Its Physiological Quality and Performance

Pathogens in the soil or transmitted by seeds can reduce the stand of plants, affecting the yield of the crop. Furthermore, in the case of rice, the low temperature is a limiting factor in culture. The treatment of seeds with insecticides is an alternative to reduce the damage caused by pests incidents during the early stages of plant development and in some cases, may assist in the germination of seeds exposed to low temperatures. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of seed treatment with insecticides in the physiological quality and yield of hybrid rice seeds, cv. Inov CL. For this, three experiments were conducted with treated seeds in different doses of thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin and fipronil totaling seven treatments, including the control (no product). In the first experiment, it was determined seed germination to 10°C, 13°C, 16°C, 20°C and 25°C. In the second experiment, it was assessed seed vigor through accelerated aging, cold test and emergency field. The third experiment was carried out into the field to observe the number of panicles m-2 and crop yield. It is concluded that treatment of hybrid rice seeds, cv. Inov CL with thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin and fipronil increases the germination percentage of seed and early seedling performance. Treatment of hybrid rice seeds, cv. Inov CL with thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin provides greater germination and early seedling performance compared to treatment with fipronil. Treatment of hybrid rice seeds, cv. Inov CL with thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin in dosages of 500 mL 100 kg-11 of seeds or 500 mL 45 kg-1 of seeds increases grain yield.

2016 - The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics
Solubility of grape seed oil in supercritical CO2: Experiments and modeling

Abstract The solubility of grape ( Vitis vinifera L.) seed oil in supercritical CO 2 was measured in the temperature range 313–343 K and pressure range 20–50 MPa using the dynamic technique. Several data and global trends were reported. The results show that, at constant temperature, the solubility increases with the increase in pressure, while the effect of the temperature is different for low and high pressure. The experimental data were modeled by eight density-based models and a thermodynamic model based on the Peng-Robinson equation of state. By best fitting procedures, the “free parameters” of the various models were calculated: in general, all the tested models have proved to be able to predict the solubility of grape seed oil in supercritical CO 2 . Differences in model capabilities have been discussed based on the main characteristics of the various models, evidencing their distinct and common features. The predictive capability of the thermodynamic model was comparable to that of the density-based models.

2006 - Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research
Parameter Analysis on Twisting Rope Machine of Rice Seed Rope Twisting Machine

Direct seeding of rice was a conventional plant technology in china. It has many advantages, such as the omission of seeding beds and heavy work for transplanting seeds, carrying seeds and inserting seeds, therefore can save labor and improve work efficiency. The technology of rice seeds rope direct seeding was introduced. The linear velocity of rice seeds rope locomotion and the number of twisting rice seed rope in piece length is analyzed, and the correlative conclusion is drawn. The result would offer the well base of theoretic for improving the machine capability in the future.

2009 - Food Chemistry
A feasibility study on on-line determination of rice wine composition by Vis–NIR spectroscopy and least-squares support vector machines

Abstract The feasibility of visible and near infrared (Vis–NIR) spectroscopy and least-squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) for on-line determination of rice wine composition was investigated. A circle-light fibre spectrometer system was designed to collect transreflectance spectra of rice wine samples in round brown glass bottles with the bottle sealed and the labels removed. Statistical equations were established between reference data and Vis–NIR spectra by LS-SVM. Compared to partial least squares regression (PLSR), the performance of LS-SVM was slightly better, with higher correlation coefficients for validation ( r val ) of 0.915, 0.888 and 0.872, and lower root mean square error of validation (RMSEP) of 0.168 (%(V V −1 )), 0.146 (g L −1 ) and 0.033 for alcohol content, titratable acidity, and pH, respectively. Based on the results, it was concluded that the Vis–NIR spectrometer system was suitable for on-line wine quality determination, and LS-SVM was a reliable multivariate method for NIR analysis.

1989
Purification and Some Properties of Two α-Glucosidases in Glutinous Rice Seed

Two α-glucosidases were highly purified from glutinous rice seed by fractionation with am monium sulfate, CM-Sepharose CL-6B ion-exchange column chromatography, gel filtration, and preparative disc electrophoresis. The molecular weights were estimated to be 9.3×104 for α-glucosidase I and 8.6×104 for α-glucosidase II by SDS disc electrophoresis. The pH optima were 4.5 for α-glucosidase I and 4.3 for α-glucosidase II, and the pH stabilities of both enzymes were in the range of pH 3.5-10. α-Glucosidase I and α-glucosidase II were stable up to 40 and 50°C, respectively. The both α-glucosidases attacked not only maltose but also soluble starch. The Km values for maltose were 4.8 mM for α-glucosidase I and 2.0 mM for α-glucosidase II, and those for soluble starch were 1.7 mM for α-glucosidase I and 1.1 mM for α-glucosidase II, in the concentration of non-reducing terminal glucose. The ratios of the V values of hydrolyses of maltose to those of soluble starch were 100 : 118 for α-glucosidase I and 100 : 148 for α-glucosidase II.

1994 - Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture
Assessing the nitrogen requirements of rice crops with a chlorophyll meter

Soil and plant analyses to estimate nitrogen (N) fertiliser requirements of rice plants continues to be a research priority because of the major influence of N fertiliser on rice yield, production economics, and concerns regarding excess N in our soil, water, and air. Significant achievements have been made using a portable chlorophyll meter to determine the need for additional N fertiliser. This report summarises recent progress with the Minolta SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter in predicting the need for additional N. The meter does not measure N or chlorophyll concentration; rather it provides immediate, on-site, quantitative measurements of leaf greenness that have been correlated (r2 = 0.62) with rice plant N needs during the 10 days before and after the panicle differentiation growth stage. The SPAD meter measurements taken on the most recently matured leaf can range from 25 to 44 depending on N uptake and growth stage. At SPAD readings >40, additional N fertiliser has not increased yields. It is recognised that SPAD values are influenced by plant growth stage, cultivar, leaf thickness, plant population, and any soil or climate factor causing leaf chlorosis. Users should understand that SPAD values do not indicate how much N to apply, they only indicate the need for additional N. SPAD meter technology does not replace other proven N management practices. However, used in combination with other N management tools, the chlorophyll meter can improve N fertiliser practices for rice.

2017
RICE SEED TREATMENT AND RECOATING WITH POLYMERS : PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY AND RETENTION OF CHEMICAL PRODUCTS 1

The use of chemical seed treatment is an important tool in the protection of seedlings and has contributed to the increase of rice yield (Oryza sativa L.). The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality and quantify the retention of chemical products in rice seeds treated with insecticide and fungicide coated with polymers. Six seed treatments were used: control, phytosanitary treatment and phytosanitary treatment and coating with the polymers, Florite 1127, GV5 Solid Resin, Polyseed CF and VermDynaseed. The physiological quality was evaluated by the test of germination and vigor by first count tests, germination speed index, shoot length, radicle length, seedling dry mass and sand emergence. To determine the retention of the active ingredients metalaxyl-M and thiamethoxam, an equipment called extractor was used. The experiment was organized in a completely randomized design (DIC) and the averages were separated by the Scott Knott test (p≤0.05). Seed treatment with the fungicide and insecticide, coated with the polymers, Florite 1127, Solid Resin GV5, Polyseed CF and VermDynaseed, did not affect the physiological quality of rice seeds. Solid Resin GV5, Polyseed CF and VermDynaseed polymers were efficient at retaining thiamethoxam in the rice seeds, preventing some of the active ingredients of the insecticide from being leached through the sand columns immediately after the simulated pluvial precipitation.

2013 - Rice
WikiPathways for plants: a community pathway curation portal and a case study in rice and arabidopsis seed development networks

BackgroundNext-generation sequencing and ‘omics’ platforms are used extensively in plant biology research to unravel new genomes and study their interactions with abiotic and biotic agents in the growth environment. Despite the availability of a large and growing number of genomic data sets, there are only limited resources providing highly-curated and up-to-date metabolic and regulatory networks for plant pathways.ResultsUsing PathVisio, a pathway editor tool associated with WikiPathways, we created a gene interaction network of 430 rice (Oryza sativa) genes involved in the seed development process by curating interactions reported in the published literature. We then applied an InParanoid-based homology search to these genes and used the resulting gene clusters to identify 351 Arabidopsis thaliana genes. Using this list of homologous genes, we constructed a seed development network in Arabidopsis by processing the gene list and the rice network through a Perl utility software called Pathway GeneSWAPPER developed by us. In order to demonstrate the utility of these networks in generating testable hypotheses and preliminary analysis prior to more in-depth downstream analysis, we used the expression viewer and statistical analysis features of PathVisio to analyze publicly-available and published microarray gene expression data sets on diurnal photoperiod response and the seed development time course to discover patterns of coexpressed genes found in the rice and Arabidopsis seed development networks. These seed development networks described herein, along with other plant pathways and networks, are freely available on the plant pathways portal at WikiPathways (http://plants.wikipathways.org).ConclusionIn collaboration with the WikiPathways project we present a community curation and analysis platform for plant biologists where registered users can freely create, edit, share and monitor pathways supported by published literature. We describe the curation and annotation of a seed development network in rice, and the projection of a similar, gene homology-based network in Arabidopsis. We also demonstrate the utility of the Pathway GeneSWAPPER (PGS) application in saving valuable time and labor when a reference network in one species compiled in GPML format is used to project a similar network in another species based on gene homology.

1997
Removal of the pericarp and testa of seeds of japonica and indica rice (Oryza sativa) at various oxygen concentrations has opposite effects on germination

The germination of intact, dehusked, and peeled seeds (caryopses) of the japonica rice cultivar Sasanishiki, harvested 30, 40, 47 and 60 days after anthesis, and of the indica rice cultivar Assam IV, harvested 14 and 28 days after anthesis, was examined. Dehusking strongly inhibited germination of Sasanishiki seeds, with the exception that seeds harvested 30 days after anthesis gave minimal germination percentages even when left intact. Peeling (removal of the pericarp and testa) restored or enhanced germination, and 60-100% of seeds germinated after 10 days. By contrast, the rank order of germination of Assam IV seeds was intact, dehusked, and peeled seeds, with peeled seeds yielding germination percentages of 100%. In Sasanishiki, inhibition of germination of peeled seeds was observed at reduced oxygen concentrations (1-4% oxygen). This inhibition might explain the inhibitory effects of dehusking on germination of seeds from the japonica cultivar. It is possible that the testa and pericarp, which cover the embryos of dehusked seeds, acted as a barrier to the diffusion of oxygen to the embryo.

2008 - Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Productivity of direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa) under varying seed rates, weed control and irrigation levels

A field experiment was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 2000-05 to establish the agrotechnology, viz seed rate, weed control, irrigation schedule for direct-seeded rice (Oryza saliva L.). The experiment was conducted with 14 treatments; 3 seed rates (50, 100 and 150 kg/ha), 2 weed control methods (chemical and integrated), 2 irrigation schedules (irrigation at 2 and 3 days after receding of applied water) and 2 transplanting treatments, viz transplanting of 25 days old nursery on the day of direct sowing and transplanting 25 days after direct sowing. The result revealed that direct-seeded rice with 50 kg seed/ha gave 6.82 tonnes/ha yield which was 0.25 tonnes/ha more than the transplanted crop sown 25 days after direct sowing having the same age as in direct-seeded crop. Seed rate of 50 kg/ ha produced significantly more yield than 100 and 150 kg/ha. Integrated weed control and irrigation at 2 days' interval gave significantly more grain yield than those of chemical weed control and 3 days' irrigation interval treatments. The maximum yield (7.59 tonnes/ha) was under transplanting of 25-days-old seedlings on the day of direct sowing. But the direct-seeded rice did not require labour, water and management for nursery raising. Moreover, the water productivity of direct-seeded rice was more than that of crop transplanted on the day of direct sowing had an advantage of 25 days and it was less by 0.025 kg grains/m 3 . The integrated weed control appeared essential for raising direct-seeded rice. Direct-seeded rice matured 12 days earlier than the transplanted crop.

1996 - International Journal of Pest Management
Weed seeds in rice seed shipments: A case study

Abstract The Seed Health Unit of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) conducts seed quarantine tests of incoming and outgoing rice seeds. Forty‐eight percent of the incoming shipments did not carry the necessary phytosanitary certificate from the point of origin. Fifteen percent of the incoming rice seed shipments and 0.3% of the outgoing rice seed shipments were contaminated with weed seeds. Twenty weed species were identified as rice seed contaminants. Echinochloa spp. were the most frequent, with as many as 436 seeds per seed‐lot. Storage fungi Penicillium spp., Aspergillus sp. and Rhizopus sp. were detected in incoming Echinochloa spp. weed seeds. Pathogenic seedborne fungi such as Bipolaris oryzae and Fusarium moniliforme were detected from IRRI field‐collected Echinochloa spp. seeds. More care in processing rice seeds for germplasm exchange is needed to prevent weed seed contamination and spread.

2013 - Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
Rice Seed Cultivar Identification Using Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging and Multivariate Data Analysis

A near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging system was developed in this study. NIR hyperspectral imaging combined with multivariate data analysis was applied to identify rice seed cultivars. Spectral data was exacted from hyperspectral images. Along with Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (SIMCA), K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm (KNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), a novel machine learning algorithm called Random Forest (RF) was applied in this study. Spectra from 1,039 nm to 1,612 nm were used as full spectra to build classification models. PLS-DA and KNN models obtained over 80% classification accuracy, and SIMCA, SVM and RF models obtained 100% classification accuracy in both the calibration and prediction set. Twelve optimal wavelengths were selected by weighted regression coefficients of the PLS-DA model. Based on optimal wavelengths, PLS-DA, KNN, SVM and RF models were built. All optimal wavelengths-based models (except PLS-DA) produced classification rates over 80%. The performances of full spectra-based models were better than optimal wavelengths-based models. The overall results indicated that hyperspectral imaging could be used for rice seed cultivar identification, and RF is an effective classification technique.

2005 - Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B
Identification of rice seed varieties using neural network.

A digital image analysis algorithm based color and morphological features was developed to identify the six varieties (ey7954, syz3, xs11, xy5968, xy9308, z903) rice seeds which are widely planted in Zhejiang Province. Seven color and fourteen morphological features were used for discriminant analysis. Two hundred and forty kernels used as the training data set and sixty kernels as the test data set in the neural network used to identify rice seed varieties. When the model was tested on the test data set, the identification accuracies were 90.00%, 88.00%, 95.00%, 82.00%, 74.00%, 80.00% for ey7954, syz3, xs11, xy5968, xy9308, z903 respectively.

2017 - Agriculture and Natural Resources
Image analysis based on color, shape and texture for rice seed (Oryza sativa L.) germination evaluation

Abstract Computer software—the Rice Seed Germination Evaluation System (RSGES)—was developed which can evaluate a rice seed image for germination prediction by using digital image processing and an artificial neural networks technique. The digital images are taken with a normal digital camera or mobile phone camera, which is very easy for farmers to process. RSGES consists of six main processing modules: 1) image acquisition, 2) image preprocessing, 3) feature extraction, 4) germination evaluation, 5) results presentation and 6) germination verification. The experiment was conducted on seed of the Thai rice species CP-111 in Bangkok and Chiang Mai, Thailand. RSGES extracted 18 features: 3 color features, 7 morphological features and 8 textural features. The system applied artificial neural network techniques to perform germination prediction. The system precision rate was 7.66% false accepted and 5.42% false rejected, with a processing speed of 8.31 s per image.

2006 - Journal of experimental botany
High-level tryptophan accumulation in seeds of transgenic rice and its limited effects on agronomic traits and seed metabolite profile.

Metabolic manipulation of plants to improve their nutritional quality is an important goal of plant biotechnology. Expression in rice (Oryza sativa L.) of a transgene (OASA1D) encoding a feedback-insensitive alpha subunit of rice anthranilate synthase results in the accumulation of tryptophan (Trp) in calli and leaves. It is shown here that the amount of free Trp in the seeds of such plants is increased by about two orders of magnitude compared with that in the seeds of wild-type plants. The total Trp content in the seeds of the transgenic plants was also increased. Two homozygous lines, HW1 and HW5, of OASA1D transgenic rice were generated for characterization of agronomic traits and aromatic metabolite profiling of seeds. The marked overproduction of Trp was stable in these lines under field conditions, although spikelet fertility and yield, as well as seed germination ability, were reduced compared with the wild type. These differences in agronomic traits were small, however, in HW5. In spite of the high Trp content in the seeds of the HW lines, metabolic profiling revealed no substantial changes in the amounts of other phenolic compounds. The amount of indole acetic acid was increased about 2-fold in the seeds of the transgenic lines. The establishment and characterization of these OASA1D transgenic lines have thus demonstrated the feasibility of increasing the Trp content in the seeds of rice (or of other crops) as a means of improving its nutritional value for human consumption or animal feed.

QTL analysis of seed storability in rice

Q. Qian
|
D. Zeng
|
Yunbi Xu
|
Longbiao Guo
|
L. Zhu
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K. Yasukumi
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L. Zhu
|
Yunbi Xu

Abstract:A double haploid population, which consists of 127 lines derived from anther culture of a typical indica and japonica hybrid 'ZYQ8'/'JX17', was used in this study. Seed storability was investigated by using the storage property measured by the difference of seed germination rates before and after treatment of the rice seeds under 40°C and 95% relative humidity for 10 days in a phytotron. Three QTLs related to rice seed storability were detected on chromosomes 9, 11 and 12, with the LOD scores 2.76, 4.83 and 2.54, respectively, together explaining 35.4% of the genetic variation. The 'JX17' allele at qLS-9 and the 'ZYQ8' alleles at qLS-11 and qLS-12 could enhance the rice seed storability. The effects of the 'ZYQ8' alleles of qLS-11 and qLS-12 were also verified using chromosome segment substitution lines.

参考文献

[1]  M. T. Jackson,et al.  Variation in seed longevity of rice cultivars belonging to different isozyme groups , 1997, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution.

[2]  P. He,et al.  Comparative mapping of QTLs for agronomic traits of rice across environments using a doubled haploid population , 1996, Theoretical and Applied Genetics.

[3]  D. Mackill,et al.  Mapping quantitative trait loci for seedling vigor in rice using RFLPs , 1996, Theoretical and Applied Genetics.

[4]  Lihuang Zhu,et al.  QTL analysis of seed dormancy in rice (Oryza sativa L.) , 2004, Euphytica.

[5]  S. Lin,et al.  Mapping quantitative trait loci controlling seed longevity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) , 2002, Theoretical and Applied Genetics.

[6]  M. Yano,et al.  Genetic and molecular dissection of naturally occurring variation. , 2001, Current opinion in plant biology.

[7]  M. Yamauchi,et al.  Rice seed vigor and seedling establishment in anaerobic soil , 1996 .

[8]  M. T. Jackson,et al.  Seed production environment and storage longevity of japonica rices (Oryza sativa L.) , 1996 .

[9]  M. T. Jackson,et al.  Seed Longevity of Rice Cultivars and Strategies for their Conservation in Genebanks , 1996 .

[10]  T. D. Hong,et al.  Desiccation Tolerance and Potential Longevity of Developing Seeds of Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) , 1994 .

[11]  B. O. Juliano,et al.  Varietal differences in longevity of tropical rough rice stored under ambient conditions , 1990 .

[12]  R. Singh,et al.  Inheritance study of soybean seed storability using an accelerated aging test , 1986 .

[13]  J. Piech,et al.  Effect of Chromosome Deficiencies on Seed Viability in Wheat, Triticum aestivum L. , 1979 .

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