相关论文
2005
STUDIES ON SEED-BORNE FUNGI OF WHEAT IN SINDH PROVINCE AND THEIR EFFECT ON SEED GERMINATION

One hundred twenty wheat seed samples collected from Sindh wheat growing areas were tested for fungal seed-borne pathogens by using the standard blotter method. Five seed borne fungi viz., Alternaria tenuis, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium moniliforme, Curvuluria lunata and Stemphylium herhurum were isolated from 12 wheat varieties viz., Mehran, T.J-83, Soghat, Sarsabz, Anmol, Johar, C-591, Sindh-81, Pak-70, Mexipak-65, H-68 and Faisalabad-85 respectively. Alternaria tenuis was predominance with an infection range from 22.5-47.5%. Maximum seed germination was observed in Anmol and minimum in Pak-70. Maximum root and shoot length of seedlings was recorded in Anmol and Sarsabz followed by H-68 and minimum in Pak-70, Mehran-89, Soghat and Johar.

2008 - DNA Research: An International Journal for Rapid Publication of Reports on Genes and Genomes
Collection and Comparative Analysis of 1888 Full-length cDNAs from Wild Rice Oryza rufipogon Griff. W1943

A huge amount of cDNA and EST resources have been developed for cultivated rice species Oryza sativa; however, only few cDNA resources are available for wild rice species. In this study, we isolated and completely sequenced 1888 putative full-length cDNA (FLcDNA) clones from wild rice Oryza rufipogon Griff. W1943 for comparative analysis between wild and cultivated rice species. Two cDNA libraries were constructed from 3-week-old leaf samples under either normal or cold-treated conditions. Homology searching of these cDNA sequences revealed that >96.8% of the wild rice cDNAs were matched to the cultivated rice O. sativa ssp. japonica cv. Nipponbare genome sequence. However, <22% of them were fully matched to the cv. Nipponbare genome sequence. The comparative analysis showed that O. rufipogon W1943 had greater similarity to O. sativa ssp. japonica than to ssp. indica cultivars. In addition, 17 novel rice cDNAs were identified, and 41 putative tissue-specific expression genes were defined through searching the rice massively parallel signature-sequencing database. In conclusion, these FLcDNA clones are a resource for further function verification and could be broadly utilized in rice biological studies.

2011 - Seed Science Research
Evaluation of seed quality: from physiology to international standardization

Seed quality standards enable seed users to achieve their objectives in the establishment of uniform seedlings to a high and reliable level for a range of agricultural and horticultural crops, growing systems and market outlets. Quality standards of commercial seed lots are determined by their positions on the seed survival curves and the shape of their germination progress curves. Although comparative descriptions of germination curves can be achieved by the calculation of the mean germination time (MGT; delay to radicle emergence), single early counts of radicle emergence provide a convenient means of predicting MGT and differences between seed lots. Evidence is presented for an ageing and metabolic repair hypothesis as the overall physiological basis to explain the principles behind the standard germination and vigour tests (ageing, electrolyte leakage, cold test, germination rate and seedling size). The work of the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) in developing convenient, inexpensive and internationally repeatable tests is illustrated.

2002
Effect of PEG on germination and active oxygen metabolism in wildrye ( Leymus chinensis )seeds

The effects of osmotic priming on germination and vigour of wildrye seeds treated with polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) in different priming osmotic potentials and time durations were discussed in this paper. The results revealed that the germination rate and vigour index of wildrye seed pretreated with PEG increased obviously, whereas the conductivity rate decreased comparing to the control. During germination period, although the respiratory intensity of wildrye seeds pretreated with 30% PEG for 24 h was lower at beginning, it increased rapidly soon afterward; the content of O 2 decreased visibly but the activity both of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) increased. The accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) was much lower than that of control. Consequently, it suggested that there was some interacting relationship between the increasing of vigour index through pretreatment with PEG and the increasing of activity oxygen metabolism.

1998 - New Phytologist
Germination and post-germination growth to carrot seedling emergence: predictive threshold models and sources of variation between sowing occasions

Cumulative germination curves were recorded for carrot (Daucus carota L.) seeds at a range of constant temperatures (T) and water potentials (Ψ) in the laboratory and under variable soil conditions in 15 seed-bed environments in the field. A single base temperature (Tb), a distribution of base water potentials (Ψb(G)) for percentiles (G) of the population and the hydrothermal time constant (Hg) were determined from laboratory data. Although less effective at low Ψ, it was possible, using these germination parameters, to satisfactorily describe the effect of T and Ψ on germination rates under constant conditions according to the threshold models of thermal and hydrothermal time. These models were applied to field data with the condition that the germination process ceased if T<Tb for thermal time and additionally Ψ<Ψb(G) for hydrothermal time. Neither model accurately predicted germination patterns in the field. However, the pattern of germination was adequately described in most situations by a modified threshold model in which the predicted progress towards germination was unaffected by soil Ψ, provided it remained above Ψb(G), and was therefore more rapid under variable seed bed conditions than hydrothermal time. In this modified threshold model, the condition Ψ<Ψb(G) had to be fulfilled at the initiation of radicle extension before germination occurred. This result implies that the initiation of radicle growth operates as a moisture-sensitive step that can determine germination and seedling emergence timing under variable soil-moisture conditions. Seedling emergence was also recorded in the field and used to determine, separately, the impact of germination and post-germination growth on the variation in seedling emergence patterns. The analysis suggests that delays in seedling emergence occur largely in the germination phase, but that seedling losses and variation in the spread of seedling emergence times within the population occur largely during the post-germination growth phase.

2007 - Environmental pollution
Phytoextraction of cadmium by rice (Oryza sativa L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), and maize (Zea mays L.).

Selecting a phytoextraction plant with high Cd-accumulating ability based on the plant's compatibility with mechanized cultivation techniques may yield more immediately practical results than selection based on high tolerance to Cd. Rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. Nipponbare and Milyang 23), soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr., cv. Enrei and Suzuyutaka), and maize (Zea mays L., cv. Gold Dent) were grown on one Andosol and two Fluvisols with low concentration of Cd contamination ranging from 0.83 to 4.29 mg Cd kg(-1), during 60 days in pots (550 mL) placed in a greenhouse. Shoot Cd uptake was as follows: Gold Dent<Enrei and Nipponbare<Suzuyutaka and Milyang 23. Several soil Cd fractions after Milyang 23 harvesting decreased most. Milyang 23 accumulated 10-15% of the total soil Cd in its shoot. The Milyang 23 rice is thus promising for phytoextraction of Cd from paddy soils with low contamination level.

2004
Light and heavy turfgrass seeds differ in germination percentage and mean germination thermal time

Seed weight is often related to germination percentage (GP) and mean germination time (MGT) within seed lots, but the relationships are poorly described. In this study, we described these relationships in the species slender creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. subsp. litoralis Vasey), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). Seeds from one seed lot of each species were graded into nine seed weight fractions in an air separator. For each seed weight fraction, the 1000-seed weight (TSW) was determined and the weight distribution was described for each seed lot. Seeds from each seed weight fraction were germinated in standard laboratory tests at 5/15°C and 15/25°C. For each species and temperature regime, the relationship between TSW and GP and between TSW and MGT could be described for whole populations by two different nonlinear functions, with GP increasing and MGT decreasing with increasing TSW. When the seed fraction with the lightest seeds was excluded, both relationships could be described for the remaining seeds by linear functions with positive effect of TSW on GP and negative effect on MGT in all but one case. Mean germination thermal time (MGTT) was calculated for the two temperatures. With exclusion of the lightest seeds, there was a linear relationship between TSW and MGTT for the two temperatures with light seeds of all three species requiring more degree days for germination than heavy seeds.

1997 - The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology
Transcriptional repression by Oshox1, a novel homeodomain leucine zipper protein from rice.

This paper describes the characterization of Oshox1, a cDNA clone from rice encoding a member of the homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) class of putative transcription factors. Oshox1 maps to chromosome 10 and belongs to a family of related rice genes. Two-hybrid assays showed that Oshox1 protein can homodimerize, but can also form heterodimers with an Arabidopsis HD-Zip protein. This suggests that protein-protein interactions may also occur between different HD-Zip proteins in rice, which would provide enormous versatility for generating specific gene-control mechanisms. Oshox1 mRNA could be detected in various rice tissues at different developmental stages, with highest levels in embryos, shoots of seedlings, and leaves of mature plants. Transgenic expression of Oshox1 in Arabidopsis retarded growth and affected leaf size and shape, indicative of a role as developmental regulator. In vitro and in vivo DNA-binding studies revealed that Oshox1 interacts with the pseudopalindromic sequence CAAT(C/G)ATTG, confirming that the protein represents a transcription factor. Oshox1 was found to repress reporter gene activity in rice suspension cells, most likely by a mechanism of active transcriptional repression. Repression was strictly dependent on the presence of upstream Oshox1 binding sites in the reporter gene constructs and a function of the N-terminal region of Oshox1, preceding the homeodomain.

2002 - Plant Physiology
Gramene, a Tool for Grass Genomics

Gramene (http://www.gramene.org) is a comparative genome mapping database for grasses and a community resource for rice (Oryza sativa). It combines a semi-automatically generated database of cereal genomic and expressed sequence tag sequences, genetic maps, map relations, and publications, with a curated database of rice mutants (genes and alleles), molecular markers, and proteins. Gramene curators read and extract detailed information from published sources, summarize that information in a structured format, and establish links to related objects both inside and outside the database, providing seamless connections between independent sources of information. Genetic, physical, and sequence-based maps of rice serve as the fundamental organizing units and provide a common denominator for moving across species and genera within the grass family. Comparative maps of rice, maize (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), barley (Hordeum vulgare), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and oat (Avena sativa) are anchored by a set of curated correspondences. In addition to sequence-based mappings found in comparative maps and rice genome displays, Gramene makes extensive use of controlled vocabularies to describe specific biological attributes in ways that permit users to query those domains and make comparisons across taxonomic groups. Proteins are annotated for functional significance using gene ontology terms that have been adopted by numerous model species databases. Genetic variants including phenotypes are annotated using plant ontology terms common to all plants and trait ontology terms that are specific to rice. In this paper, we present a brief overview of the search tools available to the plant research community in Gramene.

2016 - Current Plant Biology
SNP-Seek II: A resource for allele mining and analysis of big genomic data in Oryza sativa

Abstract The 3000 Rice Genomes Project generated a large dataset of genomic variation to the world’s most important crop, Oryza sativa L. Using the Burrows-Wheeler Aligner (BWA) and the Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) variant calling on this dataset, we identified ∼40 M single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Five reference genomes of rice representing the major variety groups were used: Nipponbare (temperate japonica ), IR 64 ( indica ), 93–11 ( indica ), DJ 123 ( aus ), and Kasalath ( aus ). The results are accessible through the Rice SNP-Seek Database ( http://snp-seek.irri.org ) and through web services of the application programming interface (API). We incorporated legacy phenotypic and passport data for the sequenced varieties originating from the International Rice Genebank Collection Information System (IRGCIS) and gene models from several rice annotation projects. The massive genotypic data in SNP-Seek are stored using hierarchical data format 5 (HDF5) files for quick retrieval. Germplasm, phenotypic, and genomic data are stored in a relational database management system (RDBMS) using the Chado schema, allowing the use of controlled vocabularies from biological ontologies as query constraints in SNP-Seek. In this paper, we discuss the datasets stored in SNP-Seek, architecture of the database and web application, interoperability methodologies in place, and discuss a few use cases demonstrating the utility of SNP-Seek for diversity analysis and molecular breeding.

2007 - Journal of Food Engineering
Dimensional changes in milled rice (Oryza sativa L.) kernel during cooking in relation to its physicochemical properties by image analysis

Abstract The present study was aimed to develop model for describing the changes in dimensions of milled whole kernels during cooking in excess water. Samples of ten Thai rice varieties ranging from low to high amylose content (16–29% d.b.) with three initial moisture levels (approximately, 8%, 12% and 16% d.b.) were used to investigate the influence of initial moisture content and variety manifested by the physicochemical properties such as amylose content (AC), alkali spreading value (AS), gel consistency (GC) and protein content (PC) on the kernel dimensional changes. It was found that the kernel initial moisture content did not affect the dimensional changes during cooking. The changes in kernel dimensions during cooking could be best expressed by either an exponential relationship with the R 2 for fitting ranging, respectively, from 0.969 to 0.997, 0.921 to 0.973, 0.936 to 0.997 and 0.968 to 0.995 or by a Peleg model with the R 2 for fitting ranging, respectively, from 0.969 to 0.997, 0.921 to 0.977, 0.937 to 0.997 and 0.968 to 0.995 for kernel length, width, perimeter and projected area for all rice varieties. The regression coefficients of the fitted relationship for describing changes in kernel dimensions during cooking were found to be the function of physicochemical properties, namely, AC, AS and PC of rice varieties and could be estimated within ±5% of actual values. It was observed that the regression coefficients of the power model describing kernel expansions in terms of water absorbed during cooking were the function of the physicochemical properties of the milled rice. It was concluded that the kernel expansions due to water uptake could be estimated from the physicochemical properties, namely, AC and AS during cooking.

2007 - Journal of Integrative Plant Biology
The WRKY Gene Family in Rice (Oryza sativa)

WRKY genes encode transcription factors that are involved in the regulation of various biological processes. These zinc-finger proteins, especially those members mediating stress responses, are uniquely expanded in plants. To facilitate the study of the evolutionary history and functions of this supergene family, we performed an exhaustive search for WRKY genes using HMMER and a Hidden Markov Model that was specifically trained for rice. This work resulted in a comprehensive list of WRKY gene models in Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica and L. ssp. japonica. Mapping of these genes to individual chromosomes facilitated elimination of the redundant, leading to the identification of 98 WRKY genes in japonica and 102 in indica rice. These genes were further categorized according to the number and structure of their zinc-finger domains. Based on a phylogenetic tree of the conserved WRKY domains and the graphic display of WRKY loci on corresponding indica and japonica chromosomes, we identified possible WRKY gene duplications within, and losses between the two closely related rice subspecies. Also reviewed are the roles of WRKY genes in disease resistance and responses to salicylic acid and jasmonic acid, seed development and germination mediated by gibberellins, other developmental processes including senescence, and responses to abiotic stresses and abscisic acid in rice and other plants. The signaling pathways mediating WRKY gene expression are also discussed.

1998 - Plant Ecology
Influence of heat on seed germination of seven Mediterranean Leguminosae species

The influence of high temperatures (dry heat and hot water) on germination of seven Mediterranean Leguminosae species typical of fire-prone ecosystems in southern Spain is analyzed, in order to know the response of seeds to wildfires and the possible implications in their regeneration after this disturbance. Seeds were heated to a range of temperatures (50 °–150 °C) and exposure times (1–60 min) similar to those registered in the upper soil layers during wildfires. Germination tests were carried out in plastic Petri dishes over 60 days. In general, the degree of seed germination promotion by dry heat treatments showed a wide interspecific variation, although the final germination level was increased in all the studied species except for Scorpiurus muricatus. The thermal pretreatment of 50 °C, however, was not effective for germination in any species, and rising the temperature to 70 °C only slightly enhanced the germination in Cytisus patens. The preheatings of 90 °C (5 and 10 min), 120 °C (5 and 10 min), and 150 °C (1 min) were the most effective in promoting seed germination. Hot water (100 °C) scarification also increased the final germination level in all cases, with the exception of C. patens. The germination rates after preheating were much lower than in mechanically scarified seeds and closely resembled those of the untreated seeds, except for C. reverchonii, whose seed germination rate decreased with heat. The response of species to heat shock had no clear relationship with life trait or with the specific post-fire regeneration strategy (obligate seeder or facultative resprouter). Those species coexisting in the same habitats had different heat optimal requirements for seed germination, an strategy suggested by some authors as minimizing interspecific competition in the secondary succession started after fire.

2007 - Molecular ecology
Origins and population genetics of weedy red rice in the USA

Weedy red rice (Oryza sativa spontonea) is a persistent and problematic weed of rice culture worldwide. A major hypothesis for the mechanism of production of this weed in South and Southeast Asia is hybridization between cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) and wild rice (Oryza rufipogon). However, weedy red rice can often be found outside the range of O. rufipogon leaving questions on the origin and process behind weedy rice infestations. In the USA, weedy red rice was first documented as early as 1846 and has continued to affect rice production areas. In this study, we attempt to identify the origin and population structure of weedy red rice sampled from the USA using both DNA sequence data from a neutral nuclear locus as well as microsatellite genotype data. Results suggest that two major accessions of weedy rice exist, strawhull and blackhull, and these forms may both hybridize with the cultivated rice of the USA, O. sativa japonica. Using population assignment of multilocus genotype signatures with principal component analysis and structure, an Asian origin is supported for US weedy rice. Additionally, hybridization between strawhull and blackhull varieties was inferred and may present the opportunity for the production of new weedy forms in the future.

1998 - Bioresource Technology
Elimination of phytotoxicity during co-composting of spent pig-manure sawdust litter and pig sludge

Abstract A plant seed germination technique was used to assess the phytotoxicity of spent pig litter-sludge at different stages of composting in forced-aerated piles on the relative seed germination, relative root elongation, and germination index (GI, a factor of relative seed germination and relative root elongation) of Chinese cabbage (Brassica parachinensis) and Chinese spinach (Amaranthus espinosus). The relative seed germination and root elongation of the two plants were significantly retarded by the spent litter-sludge extracts at day 0, but their values increased as composting progressed. From day 49 onwards, their values were similar to that of the control (deionized water) (between 80 and 100%). Increases in both relative seed germination and root elongation of the two plants corresponded with decreases in the concentrations of NH+4-N, water-extractable Cu and Zn of the compost demonstrating that these chemical compounds were gradually eliminated during composting. The multiple regression analyses showed that the NH+4-N and water-extractable Cu concentrations in the spent litter-sludge extracts were the most important chemical factors causing the phytotoxicity. Composting at the top of the forced-aerated pile was slower than the middle, bottom and surface of the pile during the first 49 days of composting. However, from day 49 onwards, there was no difference among the four locations of the spent litter-sludge pile in terms of both plant responses and chemical parameters. These suggest that the spatial variations in the forced-aerated piles, in terms of phytotoxicity, gradually disappeared as the spent litter-sludge became mature.

2005 - Nucleic Acids Research
The Rice Annotation Project Database (RAP-DB): hub for Oryza sativa ssp. japonica genome information

With the completion of the rice genome sequencing, a standardized annotation is necessary so that the information from the genome sequence can be fully utilized in understanding the biology of rice and other cereal crops. An annotation jamboree was held in Japan with the aim of annotating and manually curating all the genes in the rice genome. Here we present the Rice Annotation Project Database (RAP-DB), which has been developed to provide access to the annotation data. The RAP-DB has two different types of annotation viewers, BLAST and BLAT search, and other useful features. By connecting the annotations to other rice genomics data, such as full-length cDNAs and Tos17 mutant lines, the RAP-DB serves as a hub for rice genomics. All of the resources can be accessed through .

2004 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Rapid recent growth and divergence of rice nuclear genomes.

By employing the nuclear DNA of the African rice Oryza glaberrima as a reference genome, the timing, natures, mechanisms, and specificities of recent sequence evolution in the indica and japonica subspecies of Oryza sativa were identified. The data indicate that the genome sizes of both indica and japonica have increased substantially, >2% and >6%, respectively, since their divergence from a common ancestor, mainly because of the amplification of LTR-retrotransposons. However, losses of all classes of DNA sequence through unequal homologous recombination and illegitimate recombination have attenuated the growth of the rice genome. Small deletions have been particularly frequent throughout the genome. In >1 Mb of orthologous regions that we analyzed, no cases of complete gene acquisition or loss from either indica or japonica were found, nor was any example of precise transposon excision detected. The sequences between genes were observed to have a very high rate of divergence, indicating a molecular clock for transposable elements that is at least 2-fold more rapid than synonymous base substitutions within genes. We found that regions prone to frequent insertions and deletions also exhibit higher levels of point mutation. These results indicate a highly dynamic rice genome with competing processes for the generation and removal of genetic variation.

2006 - Science
An SNP Caused Loss of Seed Shattering During Rice Domestication

Loss of seed shattering was a key event in the domestication of major cereals. We revealed that the qSH1 gene, a major quantitative trait locus of seed shattering in rice, encodes a BEL1-type homeobox gene and demonstrated that a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 5′ regulatory region of the qSH1 gene caused loss of seed shattering owing to the absence of abscission layer formation. Haplotype analysis and association analysis in various rice collections revealed that the SNP was highly associated with shattering among japonica subspecies of rice, implying that it was a target of artificial selection during rice domestication.

1988
Putrescine Reduces NaCl-Induced Inhibition of Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Changes induced by NaCl and putrescine during germination and early seedling growth of rice were examined for 120 h. Rates of germination and growth of embryo axis decreased when seeds were subjected to salt stress (100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl). NaCl at 150 mM concentration significantly reduced the water uptake of seeds and the rate of mobilisation of reserves. All concentrations of putrescine (0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0mM) applied exogenously to seeds increased the rate of germination and seedling growth when NaCl(150 mM) was also present and 0.01 mM putrescine gave maximum response. Addition of putrescine (0.01 mM) to NaCl solution (150 mM) reduced the net accumulation of sodium and chloride ions in seeds and increased their water uptake. Thus, putrescine can alleviate the adverse effects of NaCl during germination and early seedling growth of rice.

2010 - African Journal of Biotechnology
Effect of salt stress on germination and early seedling growth of rice ( Oryza sativa L.)

The response of twelve rice varieties against six salinity levels (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 dS m-1) were studied at germination and early seedling stages. Data were analyzed using SAS and means were separated by LSD for final germination percentage (FGP), speed of germination (SG), germination energy percentage (GE%), plumule and radical length and plumule and radical dry weight. Based on dry matter yield reduction, rice varieties were classified as tolerant (T), moderately tolerant (MT), moderately susceptible (MS) or susceptible (S). Germination was completely arrested at 20 dS m-1 salt concentration. Salinity decreased FGP, SG, GE % and led to reduction in shoot and root length and dry weight in all varieties and the magnitude of reduction increased with increasing salinity stress. Rice varieties MR211, IR20, BR40 and MR232 showed greater salt tolerance during germination (germinated at 12 dS m-1 salinity). However, MR211, MR232 and IR20 performed better based on dry matter yield reduction. The result suggested that MR211, MR232 and IR20 might be used for further study of salinity effect on growth processes and physiological consequences at advanced stage of growth, since salt tolerance of a crop at germination and early seedling stage may not correspond to that at advanced stage.

Protective roles of nitric oxide on seed germination and seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under cadmium stress.

Hui Chen
|
Xiu-lan Chen
|
Junyu He
|
Yanfang Ren
|
Xiulan Chen
|
Yan-fang Ren
|
Junyu He
|
Hui Chen

Abstract:Nitric oxide (NO) is a bioactive molecule in plants which mediates a variety of physiological processes and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses including heavy metals. In the present study, the effects of exogenous NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on rice seed germination and seedlings growth were investigated under Cd stress and a possible mechanism was postulated. The results indicated that 100μM Cd significantly decreased rice seed germination index, vigor index, root and shoot lengths as well as fresh weight compared to control. Exogenous SNP dose-dependently attenuated the inhibition of rice seed germination and thereafter seedling growth caused by Cd. The promoting effect was most pronounced at 30μM SNP. Cd exposure caused oxidative stress by elevating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in root and shoot of rice seedlings. 30μM SNP counteracted partly Cd toxicity by reducing the H2O2 and MDA contents of Cd-exposed seedlings. Meanwhile, application of SNP markedly stimulated the activities of superoxide dismutases (SOD), ascorbate peroxidases (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (POD) and catalases (CAT) compared with Cd treatment alone, thereby indicating the enhancement of the antioxidative capacity in the root and shoot under Cd stress. In addition, addition of 30μM SNP increased accumulation of proline in both root and shoot. The Cd accumulation in seedlings was significant reduced by SNP, implicating that the protective role of SNP was responsible for preventing Cd accumulation. However, the effects of SNP were reverted by addition of cPTIO, a NO scavenger, suggesting the protective roles of SNP might be related to the induction of NO. Furthermore, K3Fe(CN)6 and [Formula: see text] / [Formula: see text] had no similar roles as SNP. Based on these results, it can be concluded that SNP exerted an advantageous effect on alleviating the inhibitory effect of Cd on rice seed germination and seedling growth, which might interact with NO.

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引用
Cadmium stress in rice: toxic effects, tolerance mechanisms, and management: a critical review
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
2016
Developing an integrated index based on phenological metrics for evaluating cadmium stress in rice using Sentinel-2 data
Journal of Applied Remote Sensing
2018
Heavy Metal Contamination of Food Crops: Transportation via Food Chain, Human Consumption, Toxicity and Management Strategies
Heavy Metals - New Insights [Working Title]
2022
Responses of halophytes to nitric oxide (NO)
2022
Plant metabolism adjustment in exogenously applied NO under stress
Nitric Oxide in Plant Biology
2022
Acorn germination and oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) seedling development dramatically affected by spatial position of maternal trees from Ilam gas refinery, Iran
2021
Heavy Metal Stress in Rice: Uptake, Transport, Signaling and Tolerance Mechanisms.
Physiologia plantarum
2021
The effect of red and violet light emitting diode (LED) treatments on the postharvest quality and biodiversity of fresh-cut pakchoi (Brassica rapa L. Chinensis)
Food science and technology international = Ciencia y tecnologia de los alimentos internacional
2021
Effect of selenium on tea (Camellia sinensis) under low temperature: Changes in physiological and biochemical responses and quality
2021
Signaling Toward Reactive Oxygen Species-Scavenging Enzymes in Plants
Frontiers in Plant Science
2021
A Comprehensive Review on the Heavy Metal Toxicity and Sequestration in Plants
Biomolecules
2021
Study of Postharvest Quality and Antioxidant Capacity of Freshly Cut Amaranth after Blue LED Light Treatment
Plants
2021
Pre-sowing seed treatment with kinetin and calcium mitigates salt induced inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth of choysum (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis).
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety
2021
Do freeze-thaw cycles affect the cadmium accumulation, subcellular distribution, and chemical forms in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)?
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety
2021
Characterization of pruned tea branch biochar and the mechanisms underlying its adsorption for cadmium in aqueous solution
RSC advances
2021
Recent advances in physiological and molecular mechanisms of heavy metal accumulation in plants
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
2021
Application in Geochemistry Toward the Achievement of a Sustainable Agricultural Science
2021
Bazı ağır metallerin at dişi mısır (Zea mays L.)’da çimlenme ve erken fide gelişimi üzerine etkileri
Biological Diversity and Conservation
2021
Beneficial Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Overcoming Salt Stress in Sugar Beets (Beta vulgaris L.)
Plants
2021
Genome-wide identification and function analysis of HMAD gene family in cotton (Gossypium spp.)
BMC plant biology
2021