Homogeneous vs heterogeneous clustered sensor networks: a comparative study
This paper presents a cost based comparative study of homogeneous and heterogeneous clustered sensor networks. We focus on the case where the base station is remotely located and the sensor nodes are not mobile. Since we are concerned with the overall network dimensioning problem, we take into account the manufacturing cost of the hardware as well as the battery energy of the nodes. A homogeneous sensor network consists of identical nodes, while a heterogeneous sensor network consists of two or more types of nodes (organized into hierarchical clusters). We first consider single hop clustered sensor networks (nodes use single hopping to reach the cluster heads). We use LEACH as the representative single hop homogeneous network, and a sensor network with two types of nodes as a representative single hop heterogeneous network. For multihop homogeneous networks (nodes use multihopping to reach the cluster head), we propose and analyze a multihop variant of LEACH that we call M-LEACH. We show that M-LEACH has better energy efficiency than LEACH in many cases. We then compare the cost of multihop clustered sensor networks with M-LEACH as the representative homogeneous network, and a sensor network with two types of nodes (that use in-cluster multi-hopping) as the representative heterogeneous network.
Comparative Studies of Brown Coal and Lignin. I. Infra-Red Spectra
The infra-red spectra of two softwood lignins are discussed with reference to the spectra of their acetyl and methoxyl derivatives. The spectra of the respective acetyl derivatives provide conclusive evidence for the presence of both phenolic and alcoholic groups in lignin and oxidized lignin, and of alcoholic groups only in the methoxyl derivatives of both these samples. Treatment of lignin with hydriodic acid in the conventional Zeisel determination of methoxyl groups eliminates the alcoholic hydroxyl groups and appears to split aliphatic ether linkages. The spectrum of lignin treated with hydriodic acid is very similar to that of brown coal, which supports previous chemical evidence that brown coal appears to be essentially " demethylated dehydrated lignin ". The progress of the isolation of lignin from wood was followed by infra-red spectroscopy.
neural network sensor network wireless sensor network wireless sensor deep learning comparative study base station information retrieval feature extraction sensor node programming language cellular network random field digital video number theory rate control network lifetime river basin hyperspectral imaging distributed algorithm chemical reaction carnegie mellon university fly ash visual feature boundary detection video retrieval diabetes mellitu semantic indexing oryza sativa water storage user association efficient wireles shot boundary shot boundary detection data assimilation system retrieval task controlled trial terrestrial television video search gps network sensor network consist efficient wireless sensor information retrieval task concept detection video captioning retrieval evaluation rice seed safety equipment endangered species station operation case study involving dublin city university high-level feature seed germination brown coal high plain study involving structure recognition climate experiment gravity recovery table structure land data assimilation instance search combinatorial number randomised controlled trial recovery and climate randomised controlled combinatorial number theory adult male high-level feature extraction complete proof music perception robust computation optimization-based method perception and cognition global land datum social perception terrestrial water storage trec video retrieval terrestrial water object-oriented conceptual video retrieval evaluation trec video seed variety base station operation table structure recognition transgenic rice concept detector total water storage groundwater storage regional gp grace gravity randomized distributed algorithm ibm tivoli workload scheduler cerebrovascular accident case study united state