Dissociation of local and global contributions to detection of shape with age.

Radial Frequency (RF) patterns are a useful stimulus for assessing sensitivity to changes in shape. With these patterns it is possible to separate sensitivity to local curvature information from the ability to globally integrate information around the contour. Previous work has demonstrated that young, school-age children are less sensitive to deformation in RF patterns than adults. However, since the efficiency of contour integration was not assessed, age-related differences in performance could arise from either changes in the strength of global pooling of information, the sensitivity to local curvature information, or both. In this study, psychophysical methods were used to reassess changes in sensitivity to RF patterns, separating changes in sensitivity to local curvature information from changes in contour integration strength. Typically developing observers (aged 6-24, N = 104) were tested using a 2-alternative forced-choice discrimination task with either 1, 2 or 3 cycles of sinusoidal modulation in a pattern of fixed RF. Thresholds were lower for older observers but the rate of change, as more modulation cycles were added, was approximately constant across age. The results indicate that changes in sensitivity to RF3 patterns across age are due to changes in local curvature sensitivity and not to the strength of contour integration. (PsycINFO Database Record

[1]  Alex S. Baldwin,et al.  Rejecting probability summation for radial frequency patterns, not so Quick! , 2016, Vision Research.

[2]  L. Mottron,et al.  Behavioral evidence for a functional link between low- and mid-level visual perception in the autism spectrum , 2015, Neuropsychologia.

[3]  Vanessa K. Bowden,et al.  Global shape processing: A behavioral and electrophysiological analysis of both contour and texture processing. , 2015, Journal of vision.

[4]  Robert Hess,et al.  Rejecting probability summation for RF patterns, not so Quick! , 2015, Journal of vision.

[5]  A. Metha,et al.  Shape discrimination thresholds among subjects with emmetropia and corrected myopia , 2015, Clinical & experimental optometry.

[6]  Alex S. Baldwin,et al.  Modeling probability and additive summation for detection across multiple mechanisms under the assumptions of signal detection theory. , 2015, Journal of vision.

[7]  Renita A. Almeida,et al.  Enhanced global integration of closed contours in individuals with high levels of autistic-like traits , 2014, Vision Research.

[8]  Gunter Loffler.  Probing intermediate stages of shape processing. , 2014, Journal of vision.

[9]  H. Wilson,et al.  From orientations to objects: Configural processing in the ventral stream. , 2014, Journal of vision.

[10]  Andrew Turpin,et al.  PsyPad: a platform for visual psychophysics on the iPad. , 2014, Journal of vision.

[11]  F. Lepore,et al.  Investigating the interaction between low and intermediate levels of spatial vision at different periods of development. , 2013, Journal of vision.

[12]  J Edwin Dickinson,et al.  Detecting shape change: characterizing the interaction between texture-defined and contour-defined borders. , 2013, Journal of vision.

[13]  Dwight J. Kravitz,et al.  The ventral visual pathway: an expanded neural framework for the processing of object quality , 2013, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[14]  J Edwin Dickinson,et al.  Further evidence that local cues to shape in RF patterns are integrated globally. , 2012, Journal of vision.

[15]  Daphne Maurer,et al.  The development of contour interpolation: evidence from subjective contours. , 2010, Journal of experimental child psychology.

[16]  D. Badcock,et al.  Perception of shapes targeting local and global processes in autism spectrum disorders. , 2010, Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines.

[17]  D. Badcock,et al.  Vision in developmental disorders: Is there a dorsal stream deficit? , 2010, Brain Research Bulletin.

[18]  Daphne Maurer,et al.  The effects of spatial proximity and collinearity on contour integration in adults and children , 2010, Vision Research.

[19]  N. Prins.  Psychophysics: A Practical Introduction , 2009 .

[20]  D. Badcock,et al.  Global Visual Processing and Self-Rated Autistic-like Traits , 2009, Journal of autism and developmental disorders.

[21]  David R. Badcock,et al.  Luminance and contrast cues are integrated in global shape detection with contours , 2008, Vision Research.

[22]  Gunter Loffler,et al.  Perception of contours and shapes: Low and intermediate stage mechanisms , 2008, Vision Research.

[23]  David R. Badcock,et al.  Radial frequency adaptation suggests polar-based coding of local shape cues , 2008, Vision Research.

[24]  Yi-Zhong Wang,et al.  Course of Development of Global Hyperacuity Over Lifespan , 2008, Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry.

[25]  David R. Badcock,et al.  Detection of shape in radial frequency contours: Independence of local and global form information , 2007, Vision Research.

[26]  U. Frith,et al.  The Weak Coherence Account: Detail-focused Cognitive Style in Autism Spectrum Disorders , 2006, Journal of autism and developmental disorders.

[27]  I. Kovács,et al.  Visual Context Integration is Not Fully Developed in 4-Year-Old Children , 2003, Perception.

[28]  Gunter Loffler,et al.  Local and global contributions to shape discrimination , 2003, Vision Research.

[29]  Yi-Zhong Wang,et al.  Circular contour frequency in shape discrimination , 2002, Vision Research.

[30]  Ravi S. Menon,et al.  An fMRI study of the selective activation of human extrastriate form vision areas by radial and concentric gratings , 2000, Current Biology.

[31]  J. Gallant,et al.  A Human Extrastriate Area Functionally Homologous to Macaque V4 , 2000, Neuron.

[32]  I. Kovács.  Human development of perceptual organization , 2000, Vision Research.

[33]  Steven C. Dakin,et al.  Are judgements of circularity local or global? , 1999, Vision Research.

[34]  C. Connor,et al.  Responses to contour features in macaque area V4. , 1999, Journal of neurophysiology.

[35]  I. Kovács,et al.  Late maturation of visual spatial integration in humans. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[36]  D. Maurer,et al.  Development of spatial and temporal vision during childhood , 1999, Vision Research.

[37]  H. Wilson,et al.  Detection of global structure in Glass patterns: implications for form vision , 1998, Vision Research.

[38]  J. Enns,et al.  LIFESPAN CHANGES IN ATTENTION: THE VISUAL SEARCH TASK , 1998 .

[39]  C. Gilbert,et al.  Spatial integration and cortical dynamics. , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[40]  U. Polat,et al.  The architecture of perceptual spatial interactions , 1994, Vision Research.

[41]  I Kovács,et al.  A closed curve is much more than an incomplete one: effect of closure in figure-ground segmentation. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[42]  David J. Field,et al.  Contour integration by the human visual system: Evidence for a local “association field” , 1993, Vision Research.

[43]  Arthur Bradley,et al.  Contrast sensitivity in children , 1982, Vision Research.

[44]  H. Wilson.  A transducer function for threshold and suprathreshold human vision , 1980, Biological Cybernetics.

[45]  Velma Dobson,et al.  Visual acuity in human infants: A review and comparison of behavioral and electrophysiological studies , 1978, Vision Research.

[46]  D. Navon.  Forest before trees: The precedence of global features in visual perception , 1977, Cognitive Psychology.

[47]  D. Hubel,et al.  Receptive fields and functional architecture of monkey striate cortex , 1968, The Journal of physiology.

[48]  Frederick A. A. Kingdom,et al.  Psychophysics : A Practical Introduction Ed. 2 , 2016 .

[49]  J. Teixeira,et al.  [The course of the development]. , 2013, Revista portuguesa de cirurgia cardio-toracica e vascular : orgao oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cirurgia Cardio-Toracica e Vascular.

[50]  Ronald K. Pearson,et al.  BMC Bioinformatics BioMed Central Methodology article , 2005 .

[51]  R. Quick.  A vector-magnitude model of contrast detection , 2004, Kybernetik.

[52]  D. J. Felleman,et al.  Distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex. , 1991, Cerebral cortex.

[53]  Quick Rf.  A vector-magnitude model of contrast detection. , 1974 .

[54]  N PETRILOWITSCH,et al.  [The development of memory]. , 1956, Archiv fur Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten, vereinigt mit Zeitschrift fur die gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie.