Neural Bases of Cognitive Development

This chapter reviews what is known about the neural bases of cognitive development and is divided into nine sections. We begin with a discussion of why psychologists should be interested in neuroscience, and follow with an overview of the basic events involved in brain development. Next, we focus on the topic of neural plasticity, and discuss how the brain can adapt to physical injury and different types of environmental input both in adults and developing individuals. The next five sections focus on specific cognitive domains, examining the neural bases of memory, spatial cognition, object and face recognition, executive function and nonexecutive aspects of attention. We close with a discussion of the important future directions for the field of developmental cognitive neuroscience, highlighting the importance of technological improvements and further research with clinical populations and children of younger ages. Keywords: attention; brain development; cognitive neuroscience; executive functions; face perception; frontal lobes; memory; object recognition; plasticity; sensitive period; speech perception; temporal lobes

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