Ultrasonic Arrays for Localized Presence Sensing

Advanced sensing solutions are central in the realization of energy-efficient lighting systems. This paper presents an ultrasonic array sensor for localized presence sensing in indoor environments. Localized presence sensing refers to the determination of presence and locations of occupants. Our proposed sensing solution comprises of a single transmitter and a linear array of receiving elements. In order to meet presence sensing requirements in indoor office scenarios, a pulsed sinusoid transmitter waveform and receiver processing algorithms for location estimation are designed. The signals at the receiver array are processed to obtain range and direction-of-arrival estimates. These location estimates are improved using a tracking algorithm based on occupant movement models and by mitigating multipath effects. The performance of the proposed presence sensing solution is shown in multi-occupant office environments.

[1]  Janne Riihijärvi,et al.  Combining Cricket System and Inertial Navigation for Indoor Human Tracking , 2008, 2008 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference.

[2]  Ashish Pandharipande,et al.  Daylight integrated illumination control of LED systems based on enhanced presence sensing , 2011 .

[3]  Pavan Turaga,et al.  Diamond Sentry: Integrating Sensors and Cameras for Real-Time Monitoring of Indoor Spaces , 2011, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[4]  Joseph L. Rose,et al.  Airborne ultrasonic potential in intelligent control , 1990, Proceedings. 5th IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control 1990.

[5]  H. Schweinzer,et al.  Ultrasonic distance measurement system with a well defined and adjustable detection area , 2004, Proceedings of IEEE Sensors, 2004..

[6]  Hao Ling,et al.  Human Tracking Using Doppler Processing and Spatial Beamforming , 2007, 2007 IEEE Radar Conference.

[7]  P. Stoica,et al.  Robust Adaptive Beamforming , 2013 .

[8]  Alejandro Fernández-Montes,et al.  A study on saving energy in artificial lighting by making smart use of wireless sensor networks and actuators , 2009, IEEE Network.

[9]  Darko Musicki Track Score and Target Existence , 2006, 2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion.

[10]  M. Michalski,et al.  Distance Estimation With a Long-Range Ultrasonic Sensor System , 2009, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[11]  B. Carlson Covariance matrix estimation errors and diagonal loading in adaptive arrays , 1988 .

[12]  W. R. Wallace,et al.  The use of track-before-detect in pulse-Doppler radar , 2002, RADAR 2002.

[13]  Don H. Johnson,et al.  Array Signal Processing: Concepts and Techniques , 1993 .

[14]  Hari Balakrishnan,et al.  6th ACM/IEEE International Conference on on Mobile Computing and Networking (ACM MOBICOM ’00) The Cricket Location-Support System , 2022 .

[15]  Geert Leus,et al.  Occupancy-based illumination control of LED lighting systems , 2011 .

[16]  F. van Diggelen,et al.  Indoor GPS theory & implementation , 2002 .

[17]  Magali Bodart,et al.  Lighting energy savings in offices using different control systems and their real consumption , 2008 .

[18]  John D. Stolshek,et al.  Ultrasonic Technology Provides for Control of Lighting , 1984, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[19]  V. Mágori,et al.  Ultrasonic Presence Sensors with Wide Range and High Local Resolution , 1987, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control.

[20]  Qing-Shan Jia,et al.  An Indoor Localization Algorithm for Lighting Control using RFID , 2008, 2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference.

[21]  Paramvir Bahl,et al.  RADAR: an in-building RF-based user location and tracking system , 2000, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2000. Conference on Computer Communications. Nineteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (Cat. No.00CH37064).

[22]  Stuart C. Schwartz,et al.  Object Tracking by Finite-State Markov Process , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - ICASSP '07.