Modélisation, déformation et reconnaissance d'objets tridimensionnels à l'aide de maillages simplexes

Dans cette these, une representation originale d'objets tridimensionnels est introduite: les maillages simplexes. un k-maillage simplexe est un maillage ou chaque sommet est connecte a k + 1 sommets voisins. Ainsi un contour est represente par un 1-maillage simplexe et une surface tridimensionnelle par un 2-maillage simplexe. La structure d'un maillage simplexe est duale de celle des triangulations. Plusieurs proprietes topologiques et geometriques originales rendent l'utilisation des maillages simplexes particulierement bien adaptee a la representation de surfaces deformables. Nous introduisons la notion d'angle simplexe, de courbure moyenne discrete et de parametre metrique a chaque sommet du maillage. La propriete geometrique essentielle des maillages simplexes est la possibilite de representer localement la forme d'un k-maillage en un sommet a l'aide de (k + 1) quantites adimensionnees. Les maillages simplexes deformables sont alors utilises dans un systeme de modelisation d'objets tridimensionnels. En presence d'images volumiques ou de profondeur, un maillage simplexe est deforme sous l'action de forces regularisantes et de forces externes. Les maillages simplexes sont adaptatifs a plusieurs titres. D'une part, les sommets se concentrent aux endroits de fortes courbure et d'autre part, le maillage peut etre raffine ou decime en fonction de la proximite des sommets aux donnees. Enfin, l'utilisation de maillages simplexes spheriques quasi-reguliers permet la reconnaissance de forme d'objets tridimensionnels, meme en presence d'occultations. La forme d'un objet est alors representee par l'ensemble des valeurs des angles simplexes du maillage simplexe deforme, projete sur le maillage spherique originel. La forme de deux objets est comparee par l'intermediaire de leur image simplexe (simplex angle image)

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