Duckietown: An open, inexpensive and flexible platform for autonomy education and research

Duckietown is an open, inexpensive and flexible platform for autonomy education and research. The platform comprises small autonomous vehicles (“Duckiebots”) built from off-the-shelf components, and cities (“Duckietowns”) complete with roads, signage, traffic lights, obstacles, and citizens (duckies) in need of transportation. The Duckietown platform offers a wide range of functionalities at a low cost. Duckiebots sense the world with only one monocular camera and perform all processing onboard with a Raspberry Pi 2, yet are able to: follow lanes while avoiding obstacles, pedestrians (duckies) and other Duckiebots, localize within a global map, navigate a city, and coordinate with other Duckiebots to avoid collisions. Duckietown is a useful tool since educators and researchers can save money and time by not having to develop all of the necessary supporting infrastructure and capabilities. All materials are available as open source, and the hope is that others in the community will adopt the platform for education and research.

[1]  Dana H. Ballard,et al.  Generalizing the Hough transform to detect arbitrary shapes , 1981, Pattern Recognit..

[2]  Thomas A. Henzinger,et al.  The theory of hybrid automata , 1996, Proceedings 11th Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science.

[3]  Gian Diego Tipaldi,et al.  Lazy localization using the Frozen-Time Smoother , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[4]  Paul Robinette,et al.  LabRat™: Miniature robot for students, researchers, and hobbyists , 2009, 2009 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems.

[5]  B. Thurský,et al.  Using Pololu‘s 3pi robot in the education process , 2010 .

[6]  Serge Kernbach,et al.  Swarmrobot.org - Open-hardware Microrobotic Project for Large-scale Artificial Swarms , 2011, ArXiv.

[7]  Edwin Olson,et al.  AprilTag: A robust and flexible visual fiducial system , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[8]  Radhika Nagpal,et al.  Kilobot: A low cost scalable robot system for collective behaviors , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[9]  Ronda K. Cole STEM Outreach with the Boe-Bot® , 2012 .

[10]  Francesco Mondada,et al.  Thymio II, a robot that grows wiser with children , 2013, 2013 IEEE Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts.

[11]  Anton,et al.  iRobot Create Used in Education , 2013 .

[12]  Roland Siegwart,et al.  Toward automated driving in cities using close-to-market sensors: An overview of the V-Charge Project , 2013, 2013 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV).

[13]  Yu Zhou,et al.  A robot system design for low-cost multi-robot manipulation , 2014, 2014 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems.

[14]  Radhika Nagpal,et al.  AERobot: An affordable one-robot-per-student system for early robotics education , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA).

[15]  Andrea Censi,et al.  A Mathematical Theory of Co-Design , 2015, ArXiv.

[16]  Spring Berman,et al.  Pheeno, A Versatile Swarm Robotic Research and Education Platform , 2016, IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters.

[17]  Domitilla Del Vecchio,et al.  Design of a lane departure driver-assist system under safety specifications , 2016, 2016 IEEE 55th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC).

[18]  Jonathan P. How,et al.  Duckietown: An Innovative Way to Teach Autonomy , 2016, EDUROBOTICS.

[19]  John J. Leonard,et al.  A unified resource-constrained framework for graph SLAM , 2016, 2016 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA).