Effects of Selective Adaptation on the Perception of Speech and Visual Patterns: Evidence for Feature Detectors

A trend in modern psychology is to assume that during perception complex stimulus events are first analyzed by neuronal structures or feature detectors into their component properties or features. The final percept is assumed to be a result of the recoding of these features according to the rules of operation of some higher, integrative level of processing. This type of perceptual model has had wide application in modern psychology, having been proffered in a variety of forms to explain such phenomena as the perception of visual patterns, including geometric shapes, letters, and words (e. g., Neisser, 1966), and the perception of the segmental units of speech (e. g., Abbs and Sussman, 1971).

[1]  David B Pisoni,et al.  Auditory property detectors and processing place features in stop consonants , 1975, Perception & psychophysics.

[2]  J. Newman,et al.  Auditory Cortex of Squirrel Monkey: Response Patterns of Single Cells to Species-Specific Vocalizations , 1972, Science.

[3]  F. Campbell,et al.  Spatial-frequency discrimination in human vision. , 1970, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[4]  Vivien C. Tartter,et al.  The role of auditory feature detectors in the perception of speech , 1975 .

[5]  J. Mayhew,et al.  The Effect of Stationary Patterns on Adaptation for Movement: Evidence for Inhibitory Interaction , 1975 .

[6]  Joseph H. Greenberg,et al.  Current trends in linguistics. , 1959, Science.

[7]  J. Kulikowski,et al.  Orientational selectivity of grating and line detectors in human vision. , 1973, Vision research.

[8]  M Coltheart,et al.  Letter: Colour-specificity and monocularity in the visual cortex. , 1973, Vision research.

[9]  Peter D. Eimas,et al.  Some properties of linguistic feature detectors , 1973 .

[10]  Diane Kewley-Port,et al.  Early apical stop production: A voice onset time analysis , 1974 .

[11]  Joanne L. Miller Properties of feature detectors for VOT , 1976 .

[12]  R. R. Verbrugge,et al.  Context‐conditioned adaptation of liquids and their third formant components , 1975 .

[13]  C F Stromeyer,et al.  McCollough effect analogs of two-color projections. , 1971, Vision research.

[14]  R. Sekuler,et al.  The independence of channels in human vision selective for direction of movement. , 1975, The Journal of physiology.

[15]  A E Ades,et al.  Bilateral component in speech perception? , 1974, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[16]  C. Blakemore,et al.  Stimulus specificity in the human visual system. , 1973, Vision research.

[17]  C F Stromeyer,et al.  Contour-contingent color aftereffects: retinal area specificity. , 1972, The American journal of psychology.

[18]  P. D. Eimas,et al.  Selective adaptation of linguistic feature detectors , 1973 .

[19]  William E. Cooper,et al.  Contingent feature analysis in speech perception , 1974 .

[20]  J. Robson,et al.  Application of fourier analysis to the visibility of gratings , 1968, The Journal of physiology.

[21]  Randy L. Diehl,et al.  Feature analyzers for the phonetic dimensionstop vs. continuant , 1976 .

[22]  F. Campbell,et al.  The tilt after-effect: a fresh look. , 1971, Vision research.

[23]  D J Tolhurst,et al.  The Effects of Temporal Modulation on the Orientation Channels of the Human Visual System , 1973, Perception.

[24]  D. M. Parker Contrast and Size Variables and the Tilt After-effect , 1972, The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology.

[25]  J. Gibson,et al.  Adaptation, after-effect and contrast in the perception of curved lines. , 1933 .

[26]  R. A. Smith,et al.  Disparity processing of spatial frequencies in man , 1972, The Journal of physiology.

[27]  R. Sekuler,et al.  Spatial and temporal determinants of visual backward masking. , 1965, Journal of experimental psychology.

[28]  C. Blakemore,et al.  The perceived spatial frequency shift: evidence for frequency‐selective neurones in the human brain , 1970, The Journal of physiology.

[29]  F. Campbell,et al.  Neurophysiological Localization of the Vertical and Horizontal Visual Coordinates in Man , 1970, Science.

[30]  C Blakemore,et al.  On the existence of neurones in the human visual system selectively sensitive to the orientation and size of retinal images , 1969, The Journal of physiology.

[31]  D. Tolhurst Separate channels for the analysis of the shape and the movement of a moving visual stimulus , 1973, The Journal of physiology.

[32]  A. S. Gilinsky Masking of contour-detectors in the human visual system , 1967 .

[33]  D. Pisoni Auditory and phonetic memory codes in the discrimination of consonants and vowels , 1973, Perception & psychophysics.

[34]  David B. Pisoni,et al.  Simple and contingent adaptation effects in speech perception , 1975 .

[35]  Ronald A. Cole,et al.  Perceptual Analysis of Stop Consonants and Glides. , 1976 .

[36]  Campbell Fw,et al.  Monocular alternation: a method for the investigation of pattern vision. , 1972 .

[37]  M A Georgeson,et al.  Psychophysical Hallucinations of Orientation and Spatial Frequency , 1976, Perception.

[38]  D. Hubel,et al.  Receptive fields and functional architecture of monkey striate cortex , 1968, The Journal of physiology.

[39]  R. Mansfield,et al.  Neural Basis of Orientation Perception in Primate Vision , 1974, Science.

[40]  L. S. Fidell Orientation specificity in chromatic adaptation of human “edge-detectors” , 1970 .

[41]  H. H. Mikaelian Plasticity of orientation specific chromatic aftereffects , 1976, Vision Research.

[42]  H. Barlow,et al.  Selective Sensitivity to Direction of Movement in Ganglion Cells of the Rabbit Retina , 1963, Science.

[43]  James E. Cutting,et al.  Category boundaries for linguistic and nonlinguistic dimensions of the same stimuli , 1974 .

[44]  S. Blumstein,et al.  Property detectors for bursts and transitions in speech perception. , 1975, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[45]  C. Blakemore,et al.  Lateral Inhibition between Orientation Detectors in the Human Visual System , 1970, Nature.

[46]  D. Holding,et al.  Extremely long-term persistence of the McCollough effect. , 1975 .

[47]  R. Sekuler,et al.  Selectivities of human visual mechanisms for direction of movement and contour orientation. , 1968, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[48]  Stuart Anstis,et al.  Movement aftereffects contingent on color, intensity, and pattern , 1972 .

[49]  G. F. Cooper,et al.  The angular selectivity of visual cortical cells to moving gratings , 1968, The Journal of physiology.

[50]  ROBERT FOX,et al.  Adaptation to invisible gratings and the site of binocular rivalry suppression , 1974, Nature.

[51]  V. S. RAMACHANDRAN,et al.  Stereopsis generated with Julesz Patterns in Spite of Rivalry imposed by Colour Filters , 1972, Nature.

[52]  Boris Crassini,et al.  Curvature-specific color aftereffects , 1975 .

[53]  L. Riggs Curvature as a Feature of Pattern Vision , 1973, Science.

[54]  B. Julesz,et al.  Spatial-frequency masking in vision: critical bands and spread of masking. , 1972, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[55]  F. G. Worden,et al.  The neurosciences : third study program , 1974 .

[56]  C. Tyler Stereoscopic Tilt and Size Aftereffects , 1975 .

[57]  R. Lasky,et al.  VOT discrimination by four to six and a half month old infants from Spanish environments. , 1975, Journal of experimental child psychology.

[58]  L. S. Frishkopf,et al.  Encoding of Geographic Dialects in the Auditory System of the Cricket Frog , 1973, Science.

[59]  W. Pitts,et al.  Two remarks on the visual system of the frog. , 1960, AFOSR TR. United States. Air Force. Office of Scientific Research.

[60]  B. C. Griffith,et al.  The discrimination of speech sounds within and across phoneme boundaries. , 1957, Journal of experimental psychology.

[61]  L. Maffei,et al.  Neural Correlate of Perceptual Adaptation to Gratings , 1973, Science.

[62]  C. Stromeyer,et al.  Colored aftereffects produced with moving edges , 1970 .

[63]  Catherine G. Wolf A recognition masking study of consonant processing , 1976 .

[64]  M A Georgeson,et al.  Channels for spatial frequency selection and the detection of single bars by the human visual system. , 1972, Vision research.

[65]  W. Cooper,et al.  Adaptation of phonetic feature analyzers for place of articulation. , 1974, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[66]  D. Tolhurst Adaptation to square‐wave gratings: inhibition between spatial frequency channels in the human visual system , 1972, The Journal of physiology.

[67]  C S Harris,et al.  Is Orentation-Specific Color Adaptation in Human Vision Due to Edge Detectors, Afterimages, or "Dipoles"? , 1968, Science.

[68]  C. McCollough Color Adaptation of Edge-Detectors in the Human Visual System , 1965, Science.

[69]  G M Murch Color contingent motion aftereffects: single or multiple levels of processing? , 1974, Vision research.

[70]  D. P. Andrews,et al.  The site of the adaptation shown in figural after effects. , 1972, Vision research.

[71]  R M Warren,et al.  Verbal transformation effect and auditory perceptual mechanisms. , 1968, Psychological bulletin.

[72]  S M Anstis,et al.  Movement Aftereffects Contingent on Binocular Disparity , 1974, Perception.

[73]  R. Sekuler,et al.  Aftereffect of Seen Motion with a Stabilized Retinal Image , 1963, Science.

[74]  J E Mayhew Luminance Thresholds for Motion Contingent on Colour , 1973, Perception.

[75]  Colin Blakemore,et al.  Chapter 8 – Central Visual Processing , 1975 .

[76]  D. M. MacKay,et al.  What causes decay of pattern-contingent chromatic aftereffects? , 1975, Vision Research.

[77]  J E W Mayhew Directional Asymmetry in the Duration of Simple Movement Aftereffects Produced by Movement Aftereffects Contingent on Colour , 1972, Perception.

[78]  A. S. Gilinsky,et al.  Inhibitory effects of orientational adaptation. , 1971, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[79]  R Sekuler,et al.  Contrast response of human visual mechanismsensitive to orientation and direction of motion. , 1969, Vision research.

[80]  L. Maffei,et al.  The visual cortex as a spatial frequency analyser. , 1973, Vision research.

[81]  D Skowbo,et al.  McCollough effects: experimental findings and theoretical accounts. , 1975, Psychological bulletin.

[82]  W. Pitts,et al.  What the Frog's Eye Tells the Frog's Brain , 1959, Proceedings of the IRE.

[83]  D. Mitchell,et al.  The spatial selectivity of the tilt aftereffect. , 1974, Vision research.

[84]  A. S. Gilinsky Orientation-specific effects of patterns of adapting light on visual acuity. , 1968, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[85]  J. Mayhew After-effects of movement contingent on direction of gaze. , 1973, Vision Research.

[86]  K. Stevens The Potential Role of Property Detectors in the Perception of Consonants , 1975 .

[87]  J G May,et al.  Chromatic adaptation of orientation- and size-specific visual processes in man. , 1972, Vision research.

[88]  R. L. Valois Analysis and coding of color vision in the primate visual system. , 1965 .

[89]  D. Mackay,et al.  Dichoptic Induction of Mccollough-Type Effects , 1975, The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology.

[90]  Peter Wenderoth,et al.  Is spatial masking selective to wavelength , 1974 .

[91]  Keith D. White Luminance as a parameter in establishment and testing of the McCollough effect , 1976, Vision Research.

[92]  G. F. Cooper,et al.  The spatial selectivity of visual cells of the cat and the squirrel monkey. , 1969, The Journal of physiology.

[93]  V Zemon,et al.  A comparison of Fourier analysis and feature analysis in pattern-specific color aftereffects. , 1976, Science.

[94]  J G May,et al.  Spatial frequency-contingent color aftereffects. , 1976, Science.

[95]  K. H. Ruddock,et al.  Letter: Comments on "Adaptation to Pairs of Coloured Gratings: Inhibition between Colour-specific Spatial Detectors in the Human Visual System?" By C. R. Sharpe. , 1974, Vision research.

[96]  R. B. Morant,et al.  Threshold elevation following adaptation to coloured gratings , 1976, Vision Research.

[97]  William Lovegrove,et al.  Absence of binocular interaction between spatial and color attributes of visual stimuli , 1973 .

[98]  J. Lackner,et al.  The Psychological Representation of Speech Sounds , 1975, The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology.

[99]  R. L. Solso Contemporary issues in cognitive psychology : the Loyola symposium , 1973 .

[100]  C. Blakemore,et al.  Curvature Detectors in Human Vision? , 1974, Perception.

[101]  Stefanie Shattuck,et al.  Color and edge sensitive channels converge on stereo-depth analyzers , 1975, Vision Research.

[102]  R. Lange,et al.  Spatial frequency channels in human vision and the threshold for adaptation. , 1973, Vision research.

[103]  A. Ades,et al.  How phonetic is selective adaptation? Experiments on syllable position and vowel environment , 1974 .

[104]  A Pantle,et al.  Size-Detecting Mechanisms in Human Vision , 1968, Science.

[105]  Gerald M. Murch,et al.  Variation in hue of a contour-contingent aftereffect due to color adaptation during inspection of the stimulus patterns , 1972 .

[106]  H J Wyatt Singly and doubly contingent after-effects involving color, orientation and spatial frequency. , 1974, Vision research.

[107]  J. Mayhew,et al.  Nulling the Movement Aftereffect: Evidence for Pattern Specificity , 1974, Perception.

[108]  E. E. David,et al.  Human communication : a unified view , 1972 .

[109]  S. Erulkar,et al.  Responses of units of the inferior colliculus to time-varying acoustic stimuli. , 1966, Journal of neurophysiology.

[110]  G. Murch,et al.  The McCollough effect created by complementary afterimages. , 1972, The American journal of psychology.

[111]  F. Campbell,et al.  Visibility of aperiodic patterns compared with that of sinusoidal gratings , 1969, The Journal of physiology.

[112]  D. Tolhurst,et al.  Psychophysical evidence for sustained and transient detectors in human vision , 1973, The Journal of physiology.

[113]  L. Riggs,et al.  Angle-contingent color aftereffects. , 1974, Vision research.

[114]  V Virsu,et al.  Relationships between Channels for Colour and Spatial Frequency in Human Vision , 1973, Perception.

[115]  Joanne L. Miller Properties of feature detectors for speech: Evidence from the effects of selective adaptation on dichotic listening , 1975 .

[116]  J G May,et al.  Letter: Evoked potential correlates of adaptation to wavelength and orientation. , 1974, Vision Research.

[117]  James R. Sawusch Selective adaptation effects on end‐point stimuli , 1975 .

[118]  Bruno G. Breitmeyer,et al.  Fequency-specific color adaptation in the human visual system , 1972 .

[119]  James T. Walker A texture-contingent visual motion aftereffect , 1972 .

[120]  M. Studdert-Kennedy,et al.  Hemispheric specialization for speech perception. , 1970, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[121]  G. F. Cooper,et al.  The spatial selectivity of the visual cells of the cat , 1969, The Journal of physiology.

[122]  M. Coltheart Visual feature-analyzers and after-effects of tilt and curvature. , 1971, Psychological review.

[123]  C. Blakemore,et al.  The orientation specificity of two visual after‐effects , 1971, The Journal of physiology.

[124]  L. Riggs,et al.  Curvature detectors in human vision? , 1974, Science.

[125]  Jack Broerse,et al.  Loss of wavelength selectivity in contour masking and aftereffect following dichoptic adaptation , 1975 .

[126]  R. R. Capranica,et al.  The evoked vocal response of the bullfrog , 1965 .

[127]  M. Miller,et al.  Noise considerations in stellar speckle interferometry , 1977 .

[128]  D. Pisoni,et al.  Reaction times to comparisons within and across phonetic categories , 1974, Perception & psychophysics.

[129]  R. Lange,et al.  Composite adaptation and spatial frequency interactions. , 1973, Vision research.

[130]  R. Over,et al.  Colour Selectivity in Motion After-effect , 1972, Nature.

[131]  R R Hoy,et al.  Genetic Control of Song Specificity in Crickets , 1973, Science.

[132]  D. Hubel,et al.  Receptive fields of single neurones in the cat's striate cortex , 1959, The Journal of physiology.

[133]  D M MacKay,et al.  Do curvature-contingent chromatic aftereffects require "detectors for curvature"? , 1974, Vision research.

[134]  D H HUBEL,et al.  RECEPTIVE FIELDS AND FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE IN TWO NONSTRIATE VISUAL AREAS (18 AND 19) OF THE CAT. , 1965, Journal of neurophysiology.

[135]  R Held,et al.  Color- and Edge-Sensitive Channels in the Human Visual System: Tuning for Orientation , 1971, Science.

[136]  C F Stromeyer,et al.  Edge-contingent color after effects: spatial frequency specificity. , 1972, Vision research.

[137]  J. Robson,et al.  Spatial-frequency channels in human vision. , 1971, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[138]  Stuart Anstis,et al.  Chapter 9 – What Does Visual Perception Tell Us About Visual Coding? , 1975 .

[139]  Randy L. Diehl,et al.  The effect of selective adaptation on the identification of speech sounds , 1975 .

[140]  R. Over Comparison of normalization theory and neural enhancement explantation of negative aftereffects. , 1971, Psychological bulletin.

[141]  J. L. Miller,et al.  Studies on the perception of place and manner of articulation: a comparison of the labial-alveolar and nasal-stop distinctions. , 1977, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[142]  C. F. Stromeyer,et al.  Further studies of the McCollough effect , 1969 .

[143]  D. Hubel,et al.  Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex , 1962, The Journal of physiology.

[144]  Jacob Nachmias,et al.  A re-evaluation of curvature-specific chromatic aftereffects , 1975, Vision Research.

[145]  R. Masland Visual Motion Perception: Experimental Modification , 1969, Science.

[146]  P. D. Eimas,et al.  chapter 6 – Speech Perception in Early Infancy1 , 1975 .

[147]  C. Blakemore,et al.  Orientation Specificity and Spatial Selectivity in Human Vision , 1973, Perception.

[148]  Peter D. Eimas,et al.  Establishment and decay of orientation-contingent aftereffects of color , 1974 .

[149]  R. Over,et al.  Color Adaptation of Spatial Frequency Detectors in the Human Visual System , 1972, Science.

[150]  S. Goldman Frequency analysis, modulation, and noise , 1967 .

[151]  Leon W. Teft,et al.  The effects of stimulus density on orientation specific aftereffects of color adaptation , 1968 .

[152]  G. Murch Binocular relationships in a size and color orientation specific aftereffect. , 1972, Journal of experimental psychology.

[153]  A. S. Gilinsky,et al.  Interocular Transfer of Orientational Effects , 1969, Science.

[154]  A Pantle,et al.  A model for after-effects of seen movement. , 1967, Vision research.

[155]  D. Mackay,et al.  The time course of the McCollough effect and its physiological implications. , 1974, The Journal of physiology.

[156]  William E. Cooper,et al.  Selective adaptation for acoustic cues of voicing in initial stops , 1974 .

[157]  Michael S. Gazzaniga,et al.  Handbook of psychobiology , 1975 .

[158]  P. Morse,et al.  Selective adaptation of vowels , 1976 .

[159]  J. Beck,et al.  An aftereffect to discrete stimuli producing apparent movement and succession , 1972 .

[160]  G. A. Miller The Perception of Speech. , 1951 .

[161]  Ronald A. Cole,et al.  Selective adaptation of English consonants using real speech , 1975 .

[162]  N. Hepler Color: A Motion-Contingent Aftereffect , 1968, Science.

[163]  F. Campbell,et al.  Orientational selectivity of the human visual system , 1966, The Journal of physiology.

[164]  S. Anstis,et al.  After Effect of Seen Movement: Evidence for Peripheral and Central Components , 1970, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology.

[165]  F. Campbell,et al.  Electrophysiological evidence for the existence of orientation and size detectors in the human visual system , 1970, The Journal of physiology.

[166]  Richard L. Gregory Chapter 21 – Do We Need Cognitive Concepts? , 1975 .

[167]  J. Harris,et al.  Movement aftereffects contingent on the colour or pattern of a stationary surround , 1975, Vision Research.

[168]  P. K. LEPPMANN Spatial Frequency Dependent Chromatic After-effects , 1973, Nature.

[169]  K H Ruddock,et al.  The influence of wavelength on visual adaptation to spatially periodic stimuli. , 1973, Vision research.

[170]  L. Maffei,et al.  Processes of Synthesis in Visual Perception , 1972, Nature.

[171]  G M Murch Size judgments of McCollough afterimages. , 1969, Journal of experimental psychology.

[172]  J. Gibson,et al.  Adaptation, after-effect and contrast in the perception of tilted lines. I. Quantitative studies , 1937 .

[173]  C. Blakemore,et al.  Size Adaptation: A New Aftereffect , 1969, Science.

[174]  R. Sekuler,et al.  Contour interactions in visual masking. , 1968, Journal of experimental psychology.

[175]  Peter D. Eimas,et al.  Studies on the selective tuning of feature detectors for speech , 1976 .

[176]  I. Whitfield,et al.  Classification of unit responses in the auditory cortex of the unanaesthetized and unrestrained cat , 1964, The Journal of physiology.

[177]  S. Appelle Perception and discrimination as a function of stimulus orientation: the "oblique effect" in man and animals. , 1972, Psychological bulletin.

[178]  C. F. Stromeyer,et al.  Form-Color Aftereffects in Human Vision , 1978 .

[179]  P K Leppmann,et al.  Role of retinal image motion in evoking the McCollough effect. , 1973, Nature: New biology.

[180]  C. Stromeyer,et al.  Spatial frequency phase effects in human vision. , 1973, Vision research.

[181]  Sheila E. Blumstein,et al.  A “labial” feature analyzer in speech perception , 1974 .

[182]  N. Graham,et al.  Detection of grating patterns containing two spatial frequencies: a comparison of single-channel and multiple-channels models. , 1971, Vision research.

[183]  R Over,et al.  Colour selectivity in orientation masking and aftereffect. , 1973, Vision research.

[184]  D. Fender,et al.  The interaction of color and luminance in stereoscopic vision. , 1972, Investigative ophthalmology.

[185]  Stephen R. Ellis,et al.  Orientation constancy of the McCollough effect , 1976 .

[186]  D. Mackay,et al.  Orientation-sensitive After-effects of Dichoptically Presented Colour and Form , 1973, Nature.

[187]  J. Uhlarik,et al.  The role of some spatial parameters of gratings on the McCollough effect , 1974 .

[188]  Louis Goldstein,et al.  Alterations of the phonetic coding of speech sounds during repetition , 1973 .

[189]  J H Abbs,et al.  Neurophysiological feature detectors and speech perception: a discussion of theoretical implications. , 1971, Journal of speech and hearing research.

[190]  C. Stromeyer,et al.  Form-specific colour after effects in scotopic illumination , 1974, Nature.

[191]  Aries Arditi,et al.  The fusion illusion , 1976, Vision Research.

[192]  B. Julesz,et al.  Independent Spatial-Frequency-Tuned Channels in Binocular Fusion and Rivalry , 1975 .

[193]  A. Pantle,et al.  Velocity-sensitive elements in human vision: initial psychophysical evidence. , 1968, Vision research.