Energy-Aware Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks have attracted much attention due to their ability to collect data from areas of interest. The limited energy capacity along with the difficulty of charging batteries of deployed sensors render energy-aware routing essential for sustained operation of wireless sensor networks. In this chapter, we classify energy-aware routing algorithms into five categories according to their network architecture: flat multi-hop routing that finds paths to minimize energy consumption or increase sensor network lifetime, hierarchical routing that creates a hierarchy and applies data-aggregation to reduce energy consumption, hybrid multi-hop routing that is a combination of the former two and mitigates the energy hole problem, data-centric routing that performs in-network data-aggregation to eliminate wasteful transmissions, and location-based routing that uses location information to reduce the energy consumption of the wireless sensor network. Furthermore, we present a cross-cutting discussion which addresses data-aggregation, network lifetime definition, routing overhead, the energy hole phenomenon, and collisions/interferences.

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