1. Cognitive engineering research at Risø from 1962–1979

The purpose of this chapter is to contribute to ongoing discussions defining the future of cognitive engineering research by examining a part of its past. The intellectual history of one particular line of research, that of the Electronics Department at Riso National Laboratory, is reviewed. A number of influential studies, conducted between 1962 and 1979, are described. Among these are operational experience acquired from the introduction of a prototype digital console in a nuclear research reactor, two field studies of professional operators conducting representative tasks in representative settings (electronic trouble-shooting and conventional power plant control), and analyses of over 645 human error reports in the nuclear and aviation industries. Examples of the influence that the Riso work has had on basic and applied problems are reviewed. Also, some of the themes characterizing the Riso research in cognitive engineering are identified. These themes help define what cognitive engineering is, and what it might be concerned with in the future.

[1]  Gerald Holton,et al.  Thematic Origins of Scientific Thought: Kepler to Einstein. , 1976 .

[2]  Dal Vernon C. Reising.  The Impact of Instrumentation Location and Reliability on the Performance of Operators Using an Ecological Interface for Process Control , 1999 .

[3]  David L. Hull,et al.  Science as a Process: An Evolutionary Account of the Social and Conceptual Development of Science, David L. Hull. 1988. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL. 608 pages. ISBN: 0-226-35060-4. $39.95 , 1989 .

[4]  K J Vicente,et al.  An ecological theory of expertise effects in memory recall. , 1998, Psychological review.

[5]  Kim J. Vicente,et al.  COMMENTARY Heeding the Legacy of Meister, Brunswik, & Gibson: Toward a Broader View of Human Factors Research , 1997, Hum. Factors.

[6]  Jens Rasmussen,et al.  A model for the design of computer integrated manufacturing systems: Identification of information requirements of decision makers , 1990 .

[7]  Neville Moray.  Prologue. Ex risø semper aliquid antiquum : sources of a new paradigm for engineering psychology , 1988 .

[8]  G. Klein,et al.  Decision Making in Action: Models and Methods , 1993 .

[9]  Keith Duncan,et al.  Cognitive Engineering , 2017, Encyclopedia of GIS.

[10]  Catherine M. Burns,et al.  A Work Domain Analysis of Patient Monitoring in the Operating Room , 1998 .

[11]  R. Feynman.  The Development of the Space-Time View of Quantum Electrodynamics , 1966 .

[12]  David Woods,et al.  SOME RESULTS ON OPERATOR PERFORMANCE IN EMERGENCY EVENTS , 1984 .

[13]  William M. Smith,et al.  A Study of Thinking , 1956 .

[14]  Nancy G. Leveson,et al.  Safeware: System Safety and Computers , 1995 .

[15]  F. Zwicky,et al.  The Morphological Approach to Discovery, Invention, Research and Construction , 1967 .

[16]  Paul Milgram,et al.  Planning behavior and its functional role in interactions with complex systems , 1997, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part A.

[17]  H. Simon,et al.  Perception in chess , 1973 .

[18]  Christopher D. Wickens,et al.  The Proximity Compatibility Principle: Its Psychological Foundation and Relevance to Display Design , 1995, Hum. Factors.

[19]  G. Klein,et al.  The Recognition-Primed Decision (RPD) Model: Looking Back, Looking Forward , 1997 .

[20]  Penelope M. Sanderson,et al.  On the origins of the skills, rules, and knowledge framework : a brief comment on dougherty (1990) , 1992 .

[21]  Catherine M. Burns,et al.  Putting It All Together: Improving Display Integration in Ecological Displays , 2000, Hum. Factors.

[22]  D. L. Simms,et al.  Normal Accidents: Living with High-Risk Technologies , 1986 .

[23]  Nancy G. Leveson.  Intent Specifications: An Approach to Building Human-Centered Specifications , 2000, IEEE Trans. Software Eng..

[24]  K J Vicente,et al.  A participant-observer study of ergonomics in engineering design: how constraints drive design process. , 2000, Applied ergonomics.

[25]  Kim J. Vicente,et al.  Improving dynamic decision making in complex systems through ecological interface design: A research overview , 1996 .

[26]  K. J. Vicente,et al.  Cognitive Work Analysis: Toward Safe, Productive, and Healthy Computer-Based Work , 1999 .

[27]  Jens Rasmussen,et al.  Information Processing and Human-Machine Interaction: An Approach to Cognitive Engineering , 1986 .

[28]  Arthur J. Helmicki,et al.  The Application of the Ecological Interface Design Approach to Neonatal Intensive Care Medicine , 1998 .

[29]  A. D. D. Groot.  Thought and Choice in Chess , 1978 .

[30]  Jens Rasmussen,et al.  Cognitive Systems Engineering , 2022 .

[31]  C. Wickens.  Engineering psychology and human performance, 2nd ed. , 1992 .

[32]  Donald A. Norman,et al.  Things That Make Us Smart: Defending Human Attributes In The Age Of The Machine , 1993 .

[33]  Wei Xu,et al.  Facilitate Complex Search Tasks in Hypertext by Externalizing Functional Properties of a Work Domain , 1999, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact..

[34]  K B Bennett,et al.  Graphical Displays: Implications for Divided Attention, Focused Attention, and Problem Solving , 1992, Human factors.

[35]  Catherine M. Burns,et al.  Navigation strategies with ecological displays , 2000, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[36]  K. Monta,et al.  An ecological interface for supervisory control of BWR nuclear power plants , 1995 .

[37]  Gary Klein,et al.  Future Directions in Cognitive Engineering and Naturalistic Decision Making , 1995 .

[38]  David Woods,et al.  Teaching Cognitive Systems Engineering , 1996 .

[39]  B. Fischhoff,et al.  Fault trees: Sensitivity of estimated failure probabilities to problem representation. , 1978 .

[40]  A. Newell.  ON THE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN PROBLEM SOLVING PROTOCOLS , 1966 .

[41]  Kim J. Vicente,et al.  Ecological interface design: theoretical foundations , 1992, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern..

[42]  Erik Hollnagel,et al.  Cognitive Systems Engineering: New Wine in New Bottles , 1983, Int. J. Man Mach. Stud..

[43]  Jens Rasmussen,et al.  What can be Learned from Human Error Reports , 1980 .

[44]  Kim J. Vicente,et al.  Designing Functional Visualizations for Aircraft Systems Status Displays , 1999 .