On the Empirical Evaluation of an Interdisciplinary Framework for Automated Negotiation

Negotiation is an important and pervasive form of social interaction. The task of designing and implementing autonomous agents with negotiation competence is usually understood as involving the consideration of insights from multiple relevant research areas to integrate different perspectives on negotiation. Hence, this paper uses both game-theoretic techniques and methods from the social sciences as a basis to develop autonomous negotiating agents. It employs game-theoretic techniques to define equilibrium strategies for the bargaining game of alternating offers, and formalizes a set of negotiation strategies and tactics studied in the social sciences and frequently used by human negotiators. This paper also lays the foundation for performing an experiment to investigate the behaviour of autonomous agents equipped with the strategies, paying particular attention to the quality and the cost of bargaining.

[1]  George A. Vouros,et al.  Artificial Intelligence: Theories, Models and Applications, 5th Hellenic Conference on AI, SETN 2008, Syros, Greece, October 2-4, 2008. Proceedings , 2008, SETN.

[2]  Sarit Kraus,et al.  Negotiation and Cooperation in Multi-Agent Environments , 1997, Artif. Intell..

[3]  Sarit Kraus,et al.  Strategic Negotiation in Multiagent Environments , 2001, Intelligent robots and autonomous agents.

[4]  Helder Coelho,et al.  Negotiation Strategies for Autonomous Computational Agents , 2004, ECAI.

[5]  Helder Coelho,et al.  Towards an Interdisciplinary Framework for Automated Negotiation , 2008, EC-Web.

[6]  L. Thompson,et al.  The Mind and Heart of the Negotiator , 1997 .

[7]  A. Rubinstein,et al.  Bargaining and Markets , 1991 .

[8]  S.J.J. Smith,et al.  Empirical Methods for Artificial Intelligence , 1995 .

[9]  N. R. Jennings,et al.  To appear in: Int Journal of Group Decision and Negotiation GDN2000 Keynote Paper Automated Negotiation: Prospects, Methods and Challenges , 2022 .

[10]  Martin Bichler,et al.  Towards a Structured Design of Electronic Negotiations , 2003 .

[11]  Kim,et al.  Social conflict: Escalation, stalemate, and settlement , 1986 .

[12]  Leigh Thompson Mind and heart of the negotiator, second edition, the , 2000 .

[13]  Michael Wooldridge,et al.  Negotiation among autonomous computational agents: principles, analysis and challenges , 2008, Artificial Intelligence Review.

[14]  Nicholas R. Jennings,et al.  A Comparative Study of Game Theoretic and Evolutionary Models of Bargaining for Software Agents , 2005, Artificial Intelligence Review.

[15]  Helder Coelho,et al.  A negotiation model for autonomous computational agents: Formal description and empirical evaluation , 2002, J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst..