Spatial Cognition: Geographic Environments

1: Geography and Cognitive Science. 1.1. Introduction. 1.2. Cognitive Processing. 1.3. Conclusions. 2: A Connectionist Approach to Spatial Cognition. 2.1. Introduction. 2.2. Memory Hardware. 2.3. Map Reading. 2.4. Analyzers. 2.5. Types of Memory. 2.6. Episodic Analyzer. 2.7. Action System. 2.8. Interacting Systems. 2.9. Fuzzy Cognitive Maps. 2.10. Interactive Activation Competition Models. 2.11. Interaction Activation Competition Model as Cognitive Map. 2.12. Conclusions. 3: Cognitive Maps. 3.1. Introduction. 3.2. Encoding Processes. 3.3. Conclusions. 4: Storing Spatial Information in Memory. 4.1. Introduction. 4.2. Object Files. 4.3. Mental Models. 4.4. Conclusions. 5: Spatial Search Processes. 5.1. Introduction. 5.2. Cognitive Theories of Search. 5.3. Geographic Applications. 5.4. Conclusions. 6: Learning Geographic Information. 6.1. Introduction. 6.2. Learning Categories. 6.3. Climate Categories. 6.4. Learning Higher-Order Categories. 6.5. The Organization of Geographic Information. 6.6. Conclusions. 7: Spatial Prototypes. 7.1. Introduction. 7.2. Category Prototypes. 7.3. Using Prototypes. 7.4. When is What Where? 7.5. Conclusions. 8: Similarity. 8.1. Introduction. 8.2. Comparing Maps. 8.3. Theoretical Similarity of Maps. 8.4. Conclusions. 9: Neural Network Applications. 9.1. Introduction. 9.2. Types of Problems. 9.3. The Gravity Model. 9.4. Residential Integration. 9.5. Acquiring Spatial Information. 9.6. Pattern Recognition. 9.7. Conclusions. 10: Conclusions. 10.1. Introduction. 10.2. Summary of Ideas. References. Index.