A Survey of Time Synchronization Techniques in Underwater Acoustic Networks

Time synchronization becomes a critical issue in underwater acoustic networks (UANets) because nodes cooperate together or individually work by communicating each other in diverse underwater applications. Compared with the time synchronization approaches in terrestrial networks, several intrinsic limitations of UANets (e.g., the unavailability of GPS, long propagation delay, mobility due to currents, limited energy consumption, or low data rate) need to be considered in synchronizing the timing among underwater nodes. For the purpose of developing more efficient time synchronization protocols for UANets, we review the existing approaches, which estimate both the clock offset and the clock skew of underwater nodes. Finally, we outline the state-of-the art time synchronization protocols for UANets by comparing and summarizing them according to their synchronization characteristics. 논문 14-39C-03-07 Korea Information and Communications Society '14-03 Vol.39C No.03 http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2014.39C.3.264 264 ※ 본 연구는 국가 연구개발 사업인 국토해양부 수중 광역 이동통신 시스템개발 (과제번호: 1615005528) 지원 및 한국해양과학기술흥 원 관리로 수행되었습니다. First Author : 한국해양과학기술원 선박플랜트연구소 해양시스템연구부, zoazoa@kriso.re.kr, 정회원 ° Corresponding Author : 한국해양과학기술원 선박플랜트연구소 해양시스템연구부, sgn0178@kriso.re.kr, 정회원 * 한국해양과학기술원 선박플랜트연구소 해양시스템연구부, 정회원 논문번호:KICS2013-12-539, Received December 17, 2013; Reviewed January 19, 2014; Accepted February 28, 2014 논문 / 수중 음향 네트워크를 위한 시간 동기화 기술 동향 분석에 대한 연구

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