Non-cooperative power and latency aware load balancing in distributed data centers

Abstract In this paper we propose an algorithm for load balancing in distributed data centers based on game theory. We model the load balancing problem as a non-cooperative game among the front-end proxy servers. We model the operating cost associated with a data center as a weighted linear combination of the energy cost and the latency cost. We propose a non-cooperative load balancing game with the objective of minimizing the operating cost and obtain the structure of Nash equilibrium. Based on this structure, a distributed load balancing algorithm is designed. We compare the performance of the proposed algorithm with the existing approaches. Numerical results demonstrate that the solution achieved by the proposed algorithm approximates the global optimal solution in terms of the cost and it also ensures fairness among the users.

[1]  Anthony T. Chronopoulos,et al.  Load balancing in distributed systems: an approach using cooperative games , 2002, Proceedings 16th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium.

[2]  Philip Levis,et al.  Policies for dynamic clock scheduling , 2000, OSDI.

[3]  Thomas F. Wenisch,et al.  PowerNap: eliminating server idle power , 2009, ASPLOS.

[4]  Srinivasan Keshav,et al.  It's not easy being green , 2012, CCRV.

[5]  Yefu Wang,et al.  GreenWare: Greening Cloud-Scale Data Centers to Maximize the Use of Renewable Energy , 2011, Middleware.

[6]  Y. Joshi,et al.  The Thermal Design of a Next Generation Data Center: A Conceptual Exposition , 2007, 2007 International Conference on Thermal Issues in Emerging Technologies: Theory and Application.

[7]  Albert Y. Zomaya,et al.  Game-Theoretic Approach for Load Balancing in Computational Grids , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[8]  Zhu Han,et al.  Coalitional game theory for communication networks , 2009, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine.

[9]  Albert Y. Zomaya,et al.  A Cooperative Game Framework for QoS Guided Job Allocation Schemes in Grids , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[10]  Patrick Wendell,et al.  DONAR: decentralized server selection for cloud services , 2010, SIGCOMM '10.

[11]  Athanasios V. Vasilakos,et al.  An Online Mechanism for Resource Allocation and Pricing in Clouds , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[12]  Anthony T. Chronopoulos,et al.  Cooperative load balancing for a network of heterogeneous computers , 2006, Proceedings 20th IEEE International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium.

[13]  Yoav Shoham,et al.  Multiagent Systems - Algorithmic, Game-Theoretic, and Logical Foundations , 2009 .

[14]  Baochun Li,et al.  A General and Practical Datacenter Selection Framework for Cloud Services , 2012, 2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Cloud Computing.

[15]  Roger B. Myerson,et al.  Game theory - Analysis of Conflict , 1991 .

[16]  Margaret Martonosi,et al.  Capping the brown energy consumption of Internet services at low cost , 2010, International Conference on Green Computing.

[17]  Lachlan L. H. Andrew,et al.  Greening Geographical Load Balancing , 2015, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[18]  Wu-chun Feng,et al.  Enabling Efficient Power Provisioning for Enterprise Applications , 2014, 2014 14th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing.

[19]  Anthony T. Chronopoulos,et al.  Game-theoretic static load balancing for distributed systems , 2011, J. Parallel Distributed Comput..

[20]  Wolf-Dietrich Weber,et al.  Power provisioning for a warehouse-sized computer , 2007, ISCA '07.

[21]  Manish Marwah,et al.  Minimizing data center SLA violations and power consumption via hybrid resource provisioning , 2011, 2011 International Green Computing Conference and Workshops.

[22]  Xue Liu,et al.  Minimizing Electricity Cost: Optimization of Distributed Internet Data Centers in a Multi-Electricity-Market Environment , 2010, 2010 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM.

[23]  Ariel Rubinstein,et al.  A Course in Game Theory , 1995 .

[24]  Hisao Kameda,et al.  An algorithm for optimal static load balancing in distributed computer systems , 1992 .

[25]  Bruce M. Maggs,et al.  Cutting the electric bill for internet-scale systems , 2009, SIGCOMM '09.

[26]  Shaoyi Song,et al.  Load Balancing for Future Internet: An Approach Based on Game Theory , 2014, J. Appl. Math..

[27]  Amir-Hamed Mohsenian-Rad,et al.  Energy-Information Transmission Tradeoff in Green Cloud Computing , 2010 .

[28]  Minyi Guo,et al.  New horizons of parallel and distributed computing , 2005 .

[29]  Mahmoud Al-Ayyoub,et al.  To Build or Not to Build? Addressing the Expansion Strategies of Cloud Providers , 2014, 2014 International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud.

[30]  Kenli Li,et al.  A Framework of Price Bidding Configurations for Resource Usage in Cloud Computing , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[31]  Kai Lu,et al.  Towards Decentralized Load Balancing in a Computational Grid Environment , 2006, GPC.

[32]  Anthony T. Chronopoulos,et al.  Noncooperative load balancing in distributed systems , 2005, J. Parallel Distributed Comput..

[33]  Marilda Sotomayor Game Theory, Introduction to , 2009, Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science.