Evaluation of algorithms for registry-based detection of acute myocardial infarction following percutaneous coronary intervention

Background Registry-based monitoring of the safety and efficacy of interventions in patients with ischemic heart disease requires validated algorithms. Objective We aimed to evaluate algorithms to identify acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the Danish National Patient Registry following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods Patients enrolled in clinical drug-eluting stent studies at the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, from January 2006 to August 2012 were included. These patients were evaluated for ischemic events, including AMI, during follow-up using an end point committee adjudication of AMI as reference standard. Results Of 5,719 included patients, 285 patients suffered AMI within a mean follow-up time of 3 years after stent implantation. An AMI discharge diagnosis (primary or secondary) from any acute or elective admission had a sensitivity of 95%, a specificity of 93%, and a positive predictive value of 42%. Restriction to acute admissions decreased the sensitivity to 94% but increased the specificity to 98% and the positive predictive value to 73%. Further restriction to include only AMI as primary diagnosis from acute admissions decreased the sensitivity further to 82%, but increased the specificity to 99% and the positive predictive value to 81%. Restriction to patients admitted to hospitals with a coronary angiography catheterization laboratory increased the positive predictive value to 87%. Conclusion Algorithms utilizing additional information from the Danish National Patient Registry yield different sensitivities, specificities, and predictive values in registry-based detection of AMI following PCI. We were able to identify AMI following PCI with moderate-to-high validity. However, the choice of algorithm will depend on the specific study purpose.