Indexation de vidéos et de maillages 3D dans le contexte MPEG-7

Cette these releve de l'indexation et de la representation par le contenu des donnees multimedias, dans le contexte specifique de la normalisationinternationale de l'image et notamment dans le cadre du processus de standardisation MPEG-7. Nous proposons tout d'abord de nouvelles mesures de similarite pour les descriptions de mouvement par modeles parametriques 2D, fondees sur une famille de fonctions distance entre les champs de vitesses. Les problemes d'optimisation en temps de calcul, d'alignement spatio-temporel et de ponderation des composantes translationnelle et homogene de mouvement sont analyses et une solution mathematique proposee, mise en oeuvre et evaluee objectivement sur les bases de test naturelle et synthetique avec verite terrain, que nous avons constituees et qui ont ete retenues pour l'evaluation des descripteurs de mouvement MPEG-7. Deux descripteurs de forme pour indexer des modeles 3D mailles sont ensuite proposes. Partant des proprietes d'invariance geometrique et topologique que doit satisfaire naturellement un descripteur de forme d'objet 3D maille, nous avons tout d'abord defini le spectre de forme 3D, que nous avons propose et promu dans le standard MPEG-7. Celui-ci exploite uniquement la structure geometrique locale d'une surface 3D, fournit une representation tres compacte, mais presente une grande sensibilite aux descriptions topologiques des maillages. En considerant la transformee de Hough 3D d'un maillage, nous avons ensuite construit le descripteur de Hough 3D optimise, intrinsequement invariant aux changements de connexite, rendu independant aux transformations geometriques et optimise en terme de compacite de representation, via une partition invariante aux changements de repere canonique de la sphere unite. Enfin, nous proposons une plate-forme d'indexation compatible MPEG-7, integrant des outils d'annotation, de navigation, de visualisation et de requetes par similarite, et supportant des applications comme l'archivage video, la video cliquable ou l'indexation MPEG-7 de la langue des signes francaise. L'ensemble logiciel ainsi realise demontre pour la premiere fois en grandeur reelle, pour les applications d'indexation multimedia considerees, le caractere effectivement operationnel des schemas de description generiques, normalises MPEG7.

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