Adversarial Fence Patrolling: Non-Uniform Policies for Asymmetric Environments

Robot teams are very useful in patrol tasks, where the robots are required to repeatedly visit a target area in order to detect an adversary. In this work we examine the Fence Patrol problem, in which the robots must travel back and forth along an open polyline and the adversary is aware of the robots’ patrol strategy. Previous work has suggested non-deterministic patrol schemes, characterized by a uniform policy along the entire area, guaranteeing that the minimal probability of penetration detection throughout the area is maximized. We present a patrol strategy with a non-uniform policy along different points of the fence, based on the location and other properties of the point. We explore this strategy in different kinds of tracks and show that the minimal probability of penetration detection achieved by this nonuniform (variant) policy is higher than former policies. We further consider applying this model in multi-robot scenarios, exploiting robot cooperation to enhance patrol efficiency. We propose novel methods for calculating the variant values, and demonstrate their perfor-

[1]  Leonardo Bobadilla,et al.  Multi-vehicle patrolling with limited visibility and communication constraints , 2017, MILCOM 2017 - 2017 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM).

[2]  Sarit Kraus,et al.  Multi-Robot Adversarial Patrolling: Facing a Full-Knowledge Opponent , 2011, J. Artif. Intell. Res..

[3]  Noa Agmon,et al.  Multi-robot area patrol under frequency constraints , 2007, Proceedings 2007 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[4]  Bo An,et al.  Computing Solutions in Infinite-Horizon Discounted Adversarial Patrolling Games , 2014, ICAPS.

[5]  David Portugal,et al.  Multi-robot patrolling algorithms: examining performance and scalability , 2013, Adv. Robotics.

[6]  Nicola Basilico,et al.  Patrolling security games: Definition and algorithms for solving large instances with single patroller and single intruder , 2012, Artif. Intell..

[7]  Pavel Surynek,et al.  Area Protection in Adversarial Path-Finding Scenarios with Multiple Mobile Agents on Graphs: a theoretical and experimental study of target-allocation strategies for defense coordination , 2017, ArXiv.

[8]  MengChu Zhou,et al.  A survey of multi-robot regular and adversarial patrolling , 2019, IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica.

[9]  Noa Agmon,et al.  On the Power and Limitations of Deception in Multi-Robot Adversarial Patrolling , 2017, IJCAI.

[10]  Nicola Basilico,et al.  Extending Algorithms for Mobile Robot Patrolling in the Presence of Adversaries to More Realistic Settings , 2009, 2009 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology.

[11]  Sarit Kraus,et al.  Multi-robot adversarial patrolling: facing coordinated attacks , 2014, AAMAS.

[12]  Sarit Kraus,et al.  Multi-Robot Fence Patrol in Adversarial Domains , 2008 .

[13]  John A. Nelder,et al.  A Simplex Method for Function Minimization , 1965, Comput. J..

[14]  Jean Charles Gilbert,et al.  Numerical Optimization: Theoretical and Practical Aspects , 2003 .

[15]  Yann Chevaleyre,et al.  Recent Advances on Multi-agent Patrolling , 2004, SBIA.

[16]  Robert Fitch,et al.  Adversarial patrolling with reactive point processes , 2016 .

[17]  Yehuda Elmaliach,et al.  A realistic model of frequency-based multi-robot polyline patrolling , 2008, AAMAS.

[18]  Yann Chevaleyre,et al.  Theoretical analysis of the multi-agent patrolling problem , 2004, Proceedings. IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology, 2004. (IAT 2004)..

[19]  Kyle Y Lin,et al.  Technical Note - Optimal Patrol of a Perimeter , 2019, Oper. Res..

[20]  Bo An,et al.  Adversarial patrolling games , 2012, AAMAS.

[21]  Sarit Kraus,et al.  Multi-robot perimeter patrol in adversarial settings , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[22]  Lixing Han,et al.  Implementing the Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm with adaptive parameters , 2010, Computational Optimization and Applications.

[23]  Sarit Kraus,et al.  The impact of adversarial knowledge on adversarial planning in perimeter patrol , 2008, AAMAS.

[24]  Jurek Czyzowicz,et al.  Optimal patrolling of fragmented boundaries , 2013, SPAA.

[25]  Leonardo Bobadilla,et al.  Stochastic Multi-Robot Patrolling with Limited Visibility , 2020, J. Intell. Robotic Syst..