ZHENG classification in Traditional Chinese Medicine based on modified specular-free tongue images

Traditional Chinese Medicine practitioners usually observe the color and coating of a patient's tongue to determine ZHENG (such as Cold or Hot ZHENG) and to diagnose different stomach disorders including gastritis. In our previous work, we explored new modalities for clinical characterization of ZHENG in gastritis patients via tongue image analysis using various supervised machine-learning algorithms. We proposed a system that learns from the clinical practitioner's subjective data how to classify a patients health status by extracting meaningful features from tongue images based on color-space models. In this paper, we propose an enhancement to the ZHENG classification system: a coating separation technique using the MSF images such that feature extraction is applied only to the coated region on the tongue surface. The results obtained over a set of 263 gastritis patients (most of whom are either Cold Zheng or Hot ZHENG), and a control group of 48 healthy volunteers demonstrate an improved performance for most of the classification types considered.

[1]  Ethem Alpaydin,et al.  Introduction to machine learning , 2004, Adaptive computation and machine learning.

[2]  John C. Platt,et al.  Fast training of support vector machines using sequential minimal optimization, advances in kernel methods , 1999 .

[3]  Chuang-Chien Chiu,et al.  A novel approach based on computerized image analysis for traditional Chinese medical diagnosis of the tongue , 2000, Comput. Methods Programs Biomed..

[4]  J. Tasic,et al.  Colour spaces: perceptual, historical and applicational background , 2003, The IEEE Region 8 EUROCON 2003. Computer as a Tool..

[5]  Katsushi Ikeuchi,et al.  Separating reflection components based on chromaticity and noise analysis , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[6]  Adrian Ford,et al.  Colour Space Conversions_1 , 1998 .

[7]  A. Beghdadi,et al.  Image quality assessment using a neural network approach , 2004, Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology, 2004..

[8]  Ye Duan,et al.  Automated Tongue Feature Extraction for ZHENG Classification in Traditional Chinese Medicine , 2012, Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM.

[9]  David Zhang,et al.  Dynamic tongueprint: A novel biometric identifier , 2010, Pattern Recognit..

[10]  Pong C. Yuen,et al.  Tongue image matching using color content , 2002, Pattern Recognit..

[11]  Dong Xu,et al.  An automatic tongue detection and segmentation framework for computer-aided tongue image analysis , 2011, 2011 IEEE 13th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services.

[12]  N. Otsu A threshold selection method from gray level histograms , 1979 .

[13]  Chun-Ming Tsai,et al.  Contrast compensation by fuzzy classification and image illumination analysis for back-lit and front-lit color face images , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics.

[14]  A. Atiya,et al.  Learning with Kernels: Support Vector Machines, Regularization, Optimization, and Beyond , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks.

[15]  Andy Liaw,et al.  Classification and Regression by randomForest , 2007 .

[16]  Honggang Zhang,et al.  Chromaticity-based separation of reflection components in a single image , 2008, Pattern Recognit..

[17]  Zhi-Kai Huang,et al.  Bark Classification Using RBPNN in Different Color Space , 2007 .

[18]  Leo Breiman,et al.  Random Forests , 2001, Machine Learning.

[19]  Xuegong Zhang,et al.  Understanding ZHENG in traditional Chinese medicine in the context of neuro-endocrine-immune network. , 2007, IET systems biology.

[20]  Yoav Freund,et al.  A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting , 1995, EuroCOLT.

[21]  Guixu Zhang,et al.  An automatic tongue detection and segmentation framework for computer-aided tongue image analysis , 2011 .

[22]  David Zhang,et al.  Automated tongue segmentation in hyperspectral images for medicine. , 2007, Applied optics.

[23]  David Zhang,et al.  The bi-elliptical deformable contour and its application to automated tongue segmentation in Chinese medicine , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.