Confluence of Active and Passive Control Mechanisms Enabling Autonomy and Terrain Adaptability for Robots in Variable Environments

We report the successful design and fabrication of an autonomous robot, dubbed the CASE/NPS Beach Whegstrade robot, capable of navigating the challenging terrain of the non-submersed surf-zone region based on abstracted biological inspiration. Abstracted biological inspiration attempts to distill salient biological principles and implement them using presently available technologies; its efficacy lies in the successful fusion of organic and inorganic architectures such that the proper level of influence of biology is established for optimum performance. The CASE/NPS Beach Whegstrade robot benefits from insect inspired mechanisms of locomotion for movement over challenging and different terrains. The robotpsilas mechanics are an integrated and essential part of its control system. It does not have, or need, sensors and control circuits to actively change its gait. Instead, its mechanics cause it to passively adapt its gait appropriately to very different terrains. Therefore, its motor control circuits are reduced to controlling broad directives of the robot. Its navigational system is a higher-level circuit that communicates desired speed and heading to the local control system. The confluence of active and passive control mechanisms in the robot have resulted in a system with the simplicity of a wheeled vehicle that nevertheless facilitates the mobility of a legged vehicle.

[1]  Roger D. Quinn,et al.  A biologically inspired micro-vehicle capable of aerial and terrestrial locomotion , 2009 .

[2]  Roger D. Quinn,et al.  Highly mobile and robust small quadruped robots , 2003, Proceedings 2003 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2003) (Cat. No.03CH37453).

[3]  Roger D. Quinn,et al.  A hydrostatic robot for marine applications , 2000, Robotics Auton. Syst..

[4]  Roger D. Quinn,et al.  A Small, Insect-Inspired Robot that Runs and Jumps , 2005, Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[5]  Roger D. Quinn,et al.  Insect Walking and Biorobotics: A Relationship with Mutual Benefits , 2000 .

[6]  Auke Jan Ijspeert,et al.  AmphiBot I: an amphibious snake-like robot , 2005, Robotics Auton. Syst..

[7]  Maura Casadio,et al.  Preflexes and internal models in biomimetic robot systems , 2004, Cognitive Processing.

[8]  Shigeo Hirose,et al.  Biologically Inspired Robots: Snake-Like Locomotors and Manipulators , 1993 .

[9]  Daniel E. Koditschek,et al.  RHex: A Simple and Highly Mobile Hexapod Robot , 2001, Int. J. Robotics Res..

[10]  Daniel A. Kingsley,et al.  Improved mobility through abstracted biological principles , 2002, IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems.

[11]  Mitch Gavrilash,et al.  Demonstration of Surf Zone Crawlers: Results from AUV Fest 01 , 2002 .

[12]  Roger D. Quinn,et al.  Design and Testing of a Highly Mobile Insect-Inspired Autonomous Robot in a Beach Environment , 2010 .

[13]  R.D. Quinn,et al.  Design of an autonomous amphibious robot for surf zone operations: part II - hardware, control implementation and simulation , 2005, Proceedings, 2005 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics..

[14]  R. Full,et al.  Dynamic stabilization of rapid hexapedal locomotion. , 2002, The Journal of experimental biology.

[15]  広瀬 茂男,et al.  Biologically inspired robots : snake-like locomotors and manipulators , 1993 .

[16]  G. E. Loeb,et al.  A hierarchical foundation for models of sensorimotor control , 1999, Experimental Brain Research.

[17]  Daniel A. Kingsley,et al.  Parallel Complementary Strategies for Implementing Biological Principles into Mobile Robots , 2003, Int. J. Robotics Res..

[18]  R. Quinn,et al.  Convergent evolution and locomotion through complex terrain by insects, vertebrates and robots. , 2004, Arthropod structure & development.

[19]  A. Ijspeert,et al.  From Swimming to Walking with a Salamander Robot Driven by a Spinal Cord Model , 2007, Science.

[20]  Ian E. Brown,et al.  A Reductionist Approach to Creating and Using Neuromusculoskeletal Models , 2000 .

[21]  Roy E. Ritzmann,et al.  Control of obstacle climbing in the cockroach, Blaberus discoidalis. I. Kinematics , 2002, Journal of Comparative Physiology A.

[22]  Roger D. Quinn,et al.  Abstracted biological principles applied with reduced actuation improve mobility of legged vehicles , 2003, Proceedings 2003 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2003) (Cat. No.03CH37453).

[23]  R. McN. Alexander,et al.  Three Uses for Springs in Legged Locomotion , 1990, Int. J. Robotics Res..

[24]  R.D. Quinn,et al.  Design of an autonomous amphibious robot for surf zone operation: part i mechanical design for multi-mode mobility , 2005, Proceedings, 2005 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics..

[25]  Roger D. Quinn,et al.  Design and Testing of an Autonomous Highly Mobile Robot in a Beach Environment , 2008 .

[26]  Andrew Hogue,et al.  AQUA: an aquatic walking robot , 2004, 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37566).