Structural control and vibration issues in wind turbines: A review

Abstract Over the years, the wind energy industry has grown rapidly because of its eco-friendly and sustainability features. The development of wind industry demands larger wind turbines, which brings more issues because of higher dynamic loads. Passive, active and semi-active control are major techniques to resolve these issues. This paper reviews the characteristics of these control methods and the recent development of novel controls are discussed. The challenging issues related to structural control of wind turbines due to mechanical vibration are summarized. Recent modeling as well as numerical techniques to simulate wind turbines’ behavior under multihazard dynamic loadings are presented. To evaluate the efficacy of recent control methods under different conditions and environments, a comparative procedure is proposed. The procedure relates the output characteristics and system performance to different types of inputs through modeling of structure and external stressors. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) prototype and coupled Lagrange method are the reference model and modeling technique, respectively. An example application of comparing several dampers using the proposed procedure is presented. The comparison of displacement, acceleration, shear and overturning moment reductions are discussed, and the viscous dampers have the best efficacy among other passive control systems.

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