A self-organising neural network model of image velocity encoding

A self-organising neural network has been developed which maps the image velocities of rigid objects, moving in the fronto-parallel plane, topologically over a neural layer. The input is information in the Fourier domain about the spatial components of the image. The computation performed by the network may be viewed as a neural instantiation of the Intersection of Constraints solution to the aperture problem. The model has biological plausibility in that the connectivity develops simply as a result of exposure to inputs derived from rigid translation of textures and its overall organisation is consistent with psychophysical evidence.

[1]  H. Wilson,et al.  Orientation bandwidths of spatial mechanisms measured by masking. , 1984, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[2]  D. Regan,et al.  Visual processing of four kinds of relative motion , 1986, Vision Research.

[3]  D. Hubel,et al.  Receptive fields and functional architecture of monkey striate cortex , 1968, The Journal of physiology.

[4]  D. Pollen,et al.  Spatial and temporal frequency selectivity of neurones in visual cortical areas V1 and V2 of the macaque monkey. , 1985, The Journal of physiology.

[5]  T. Kohonen.  Self-organized formation of topographically correct feature maps , 1982 .

[6]  D. Hubel,et al.  Receptive fields of single neurones in the cat's striate cortex , 1959, The Journal of physiology.

[7]  D J Heeger,et al.  Model for the extraction of image flow. , 1987, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[8]  M. J. Wright,et al.  Lower threshold of motion for one and two dimensional patterns in central and peripheral vision , 1992, Vision Research.

[9]  W. Reichardt,et al.  Autocorrelation, a principle for the evaluation of sensory information by the central nervous system , 1961 .

[10]  Peter Thompson,et al.  The coding of velocity of movement in the human visual system , 1984, Vision Research.

[11]  G. Blasdel,et al.  Voltage-sensitive dyes reveal a modular organization in monkey striate cortex , 1986, Nature.

[12]  Daniel J. Hannon,et al.  Direction of self-motion is perceived from optical flow , 1988, Nature.

[13]  V. Ramachandran,et al.  Displacement thresholds for coherent apparent motion in random dot-patterns , 1983, Vision Research.

[14]  J. Daugman.  Spatial visual channels in the fourier plane , 1984, Vision Research.

[15]  Alexander Borst,et al.  Principles of visual motion detection , 1989, Trends in Neurosciences.

[16]  Quick Rf.  A vector-magnitude model of contrast detection. , 1974 .

[17]  H. Wilson,et al.  Spatial frequency tuning of orientation selective units estimated by oblique masking , 1983, Vision Research.

[18]  E. Adelson,et al.  The analysis of moving visual patterns , 1985 .

[19]  S Marcelja,et al.  Mathematical description of the responses of simple cortical cells. , 1980, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[20]  J. Robson,et al.  Discrimination at threshold: Labelled detectors in human vision , 1981, Vision Research.

[21]  Teuvo Kohonen,et al.  Self-organized formation of topologically correct feature maps , 2004, Biological Cybernetics.

[22]  G. F. Cooper,et al.  The spatial selectivity of the visual cells of the cat , 1969, The Journal of physiology.

[23]  E. Adelson,et al.  Phenomenal coherence of moving visual patterns , 1982, Nature.

[24]  M. Wright,et al.  Spatial and temporal properties of ‘sustained’ and ‘transient’ neurones in area 17 of the cat's visual cortex , 1975, Experimental Brain Research.

[25]  S. McKee,et al.  Precise velocity discrimination despite random variations in temporal frequency and contrast , 1986, Vision Research.

[26]  A. Meeteren.  Contrast paradox of line target upon grating background , 1982, Vision Research.

[27]  P. Thompson.  Perceived rate of movement depends on contrast , 1982, Vision Research.

[28]  Jonathan A. Marshall,et al.  Self-organizing neural networks for perception of visual motion , 1990, Neural Networks.

[29]  H. Wilson.  A transducer function for threshold and suprathreshold human vision , 1980, Biological Cybernetics.

[30]  D. W. Heeley,et al.  Meridional anisotropies of orientation discrimination for sine wave gratings , 1988, Vision Research.

[31]  E H Adelson,et al.  Spatiotemporal energy models for the perception of motion. , 1985, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[32]  Vincent P. Ferrera,et al.  Perceived speed of moving two-dimensional patterns , 1991, Vision Research.

[33]  D. G. Albrecht,et al.  Spatial frequency selectivity of cells in macaque visual cortex , 1982, Vision Research.

[34]  H. Wilson,et al.  Perceived direction of moving two-dimensional patterns , 1990, Vision Research.

[35]  Leslie Welch,et al.  The perception of moving plaids reveals two motion-processing stages , 1989, Nature.

[36]  H. Wallach,et al.  The kinetic depth effect. , 1953, Journal of experimental psychology.

[37]  P. Bressan,et al.  Occlusion and the perception of coherent motion , 1991, Vision Research.

[38]  W. Reichardt,et al.  A two dimensional field theory for motion computation , 1988, Biological Cybernetics.

[39]  A J Ahumada,et al.  Model of human visual-motion sensing. , 1985, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[40]  B. Julesz,et al.  Cooperative phenomena in apparent movement perception of random-dot cinematograms , 1984, Vision Research.

[41]  Amiram Grinvald,et al.  Iso-orientation domains in cat visual cortex are arranged in pinwheel-like patterns , 1991, Nature.

[42]  S. R. Lehky,et al.  Temporal properties of visual channels measured by masking. , 1985, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[43]  J. van Santen,et al.  Temporal covariance model of human motion perception. , 1984, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[44]  Stephen Grossberg,et al.  Nonlinear neural networks: Principles, mechanisms, and architectures , 1988, Neural Networks.

[45]  M. Egelhaaf,et al.  Movement detectors provide sufficient information for local computation of 2-D velocity field , 1988, Naturwissenschaften.

[46]  Teuvo Kohonen,et al.  Self-organization and associative memory: 3rd edition , 1989 .

[47]  M. B. Mandler,et al.  A three channel model of temporal frequency perception , 1984, Vision Research.

[48]  R. L. Valois,et al.  The orientation and direction selectivity of cells in macaque visual cortex , 1982, Vision Research.

[49]  A. T. Smith,et al.  The separability of temporal frequency and velocity , 1991, Vision Research.

[50]  A. Yuille,et al.  A model for the estimate of local image velocity by cells in the visual cortex , 1990, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. B. Biological Sciences.

[51]  M. J. Mayer,et al.  Smooth frequency discrimination functions for foveal, high-contrast, mid spatial frequencies. , 1986, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.