Modèles physiques discrets pour le vivant (Modéliser et simuler les phénomènes biologiques et les gestes médico-chirurgicaux). (Discrete Physical Model for Soft-Tissue (Modeling and Simulation of Cellular Biology and Computer Assisted Medical Intervention))

Ces travaux de recherche sont axes sur la modelisation et la simulation des tissus mous pour le vivant. Nous avons propose un nouveau modele mecanique discret qui permet de simuler des interactions entre objets biologiques ou medicaux, et developpe un environnement et des outils logiciels afin de fournir un cadre pour la comparaison et la validation de modeles physiques. Cet environnement a ainsi permis de comparer mon modele a d'autres approches. Le modele developpe a ete utilise dans differentes problematiques applicatives cliniques et de biologie. En GMCAO il s'agit d'aider le chirurgien ou le praticien dans son diagnostic (etude et simulation des mouvements respiratoires) ou dans son geste (modelisation de la prostate et des gestes de biopsie et de curietherapie). En biologie cellulaire, il s'agit d'etudier des phenomenes au niveau cellulaire ou de reproduire des experiences de micro-manipulations dont les modeles classiquement utilises dans ce contexte ne rendent pas bien compte. Ce memoire peut se decomposer en trois parties : le chapitre 1 presente une introduction generale au sujet de la modelisation des tissus mous pour les GMCAO et la biologie cellulaire ; les chapitres 2 a 5 presentent mes travaux de modelisation et de validation et leurs applications ; enfin, le chapitre 6 presente mes perspectives de recherche. On trouvera en annexe A une synthese de mes activites dans un CV court. Ces travaux ont donne lieu a des encadrements d'etudiants (annexe B) et a des collaborations scientifiques et cliniques (annexe C). Un resume de mes contributions ainsi que les publications scientifiques et cliniques les plus significatives sont presentes en annexes D et E.

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