The location stack: a layered model for location in ubiquitous computing

Based on five design principles extracted from a survey of location systems, we present the location stack, a layered software engineering model for location in ubiquitous computing. Our model is similar in spirit to the seven-layer Open System Interconnect (OSI) model for computer networks. We map two existing ubiquitous computing systems to the model to illustrate the leverage the location stack provides. By encouraging system designers to think of their applications in this way, we hope to drive location-based computing toward a common vocabulary and standard infrastructure, permitting members of the ubiquitous computing community to easily evaluate and build on each other's work.

[1]  Andy Hopper,et al.  Implementing a Sentient Computing System , 2001, Computer.

[2]  Fredrik Espinoza,et al.  Using Quake III Arena to simulate sensors and actuators when evaluating and testing mobile services , 2001, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[3]  Barry Brumitt,et al.  EasyLiving: Technologies for Intelligent Environments , 2000, HUC.

[4]  Paramvir Bahl,et al.  RADAR: an in-building RF-based user location and tracking system , 2000, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2000. Conference on Computer Communications. Nineteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (Cat. No.00CH37064).

[5]  Gaetano Borriello,et al.  SpotON: An Indoor 3D Location Sensing Technology Based on RF Signal Strength , 2000 .

[6]  Gregory D. Abowd,et al.  Providing architectural support for building context-aware applications , 2000 .

[7]  Steve Hodges,et al.  Implementing a sentient computing system - Computer , 2001 .

[8]  Bill N. Schilit,et al.  The Parctab Ubiquitous Computing Experiment , 1994, Mobidata.

[9]  Chris Schmandt,et al.  Location Modeling – workshop position paper , 2001 .

[10]  Jeffrey Hightower,et al.  Real-Time Error in Location Modeling for Ubiquitous Computing , 2001 .

[11]  Wolfram Burgard,et al.  A Probabilistic Approach to Collaborative Multi-Robot Localization , 2000, Auton. Robots.

[12]  Gaetano Borriello,et al.  Location Systems for Ubiquitous Computing , 2001, Computer.

[13]  Larry Arnstein,et al.  Ubiquitous Computing in the Biology Laboratory , 2001 .

[14]  Andy Hopper,et al.  Virtual Network Computing , 1998, IEEE Internet Comput..

[15]  Bernt Schiele,et al.  Smart-Its Friends: A Technique for Users to Easily Establish Connections between Smart Artefacts , 2001, UbiComp.

[16]  Jeffrey,et al.  Location systems for ubiquitous computing - Computer , 2001 .