Semi-automatic assembly of learning resources

Technology Enhanced Learning is a research field that has matured considerably over the last decade. Many technical solutions to support design, authoring and use of learning activities and resources have been developed. The first datasets that reflect the tracking of actual use of these tools in real-life settings are beginning to become available. In this article, we present an exploratory study that relies on these datasets to support semi-automatic assembly of learning activities and resources for specific contexts. Starting from learning designs and other online sources that describe well designed learning experiences as they were used in practice, we derive sequencing patterns that capture re-occurring patterns of activities. A semi-automatic assembly framework uses these patterns to support teachers in the design and authoring of course activities. We present a case study that integrates recommendation support for sequencing activities as well as associated resources in the LAMS learning activity environment. Results indicate that the perceived usefulness is high: both teachers with expertise in the use of learning design tools as well as teachers with no background knowledge in the area indicate that the recommendations helped them in the authoring process. In addition, they feel more confident using learning design tools when support is provided that is driven by best practice knowledge.

[1]  Janni Nielsen,et al.  Getting access to what goes on in people's heads?: reflections on the think-aloud technique , 2002, NordiCHI '02.

[2]  Wolfgang Nejdl,et al.  Extendible Adaptive Hypermedia Courseware: Integrating Different Courses and Web Material , 2000, AH.

[3]  Jonathan L. Herlocker,et al.  Evaluating collaborative filtering recommender systems , 2004, TOIS.

[4]  Michael Derntl,et al.  The Conceptual Structure of IMS Learning Design Does Not Impede Its Use for Authoring , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies.

[5]  Davinia Hernández Leo,et al.  COLLAGE: A collaborative Learning Design editor based on patterns , 2006, J. Educ. Technol. Soc..

[6]  Erik Duval,et al.  Dataset-driven research for improving recommender systems for learning , 2011, LAK.

[7]  Peter Brusilovsky,et al.  Comprehensive personalized information access in an educational digital library , 2005, Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL '05).

[8]  Michael Derntl,et al.  Opportunities and Challenges of Formal Instructional Modeling for Web-Based Learning , 2011, ICWL.

[9]  Hendrik Drachsler,et al.  Recommender Systems in Technology Enhanced Learning , 2011, Recommender Systems Handbook.

[10]  Colin Tattersall,et al.  A first exploration of an inductive analysis approach for detecting learning design patterns , 2005 .

[11]  Ben Shneiderman,et al.  The Craft of Information Visualization: Readings and Reflections , 2003 .

[12]  Jane Seale,et al.  Mapping pedagogy and tools for effective learning design , 2004, Comput. Educ..

[13]  Rob Koper,et al.  IMS Learning Design Specification (version 1.0) , 2003 .

[14]  Erik Duval,et al.  A Simple Query Interface for Interoperable Learning Repositories , 2005 .

[15]  Ulrike Cress,et al.  Learning in the Synergy of Multiple Disciplines, 4th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning, EC-TEL 2009, Nice, France, September 29 - October 2, 2009, Proceedings , 2009, EC-TEL.

[16]  Colin Tattersall,et al.  Facilitating participation: From the EML web site to the Learning Network for Learning Design , 2005, Interact. Learn. Environ..

[17]  Hongjing Wu,et al.  AHAM: a Dexter-based reference model for adaptive hypermedia , 1999, Hypertext.

[18]  Jon Dron,et al.  Evaluating assessment using n-dimensional filtering , 2002 .

[19]  Rob Koper,et al.  Representing the Learning Design of Units of Learning , 2004, J. Educ. Technol. Soc..

[20]  Moni Naor,et al.  Adaptive Hypermedia and Adaptive Web-Based Systems , 2004, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

[21]  Michael D. Bush,et al.  The transformation of learning with technology: Learner-centricity, content and tool malleability, and network effects , 2009 .

[22]  Carlos Delgado Kloos,et al.  Automatic Discovery of Complementary Learning Resources , 2011, EC-TEL.

[23]  Hendrik Drachsler,et al.  Personal recommender systems for learners in lifelong learning networks: the requirements, techniques and model , 2008, Int. J. Learn. Technol..

[24]  Robin D. Burke,et al.  Hybrid Web Recommender Systems , 2007, The Adaptive Web.

[25]  Franca Garzotto,et al.  ADAPT major design dimensions for educational adaptive hypermedia , 2004 .

[26]  Erik Duval,et al.  The Ariadne Infrastructure for Managing and Storing Metadata , 2009, IEEE Internet Computing.

[27]  Mykola Pechenizkiy,et al.  Please Scroll down for Article New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia Ah 12 Years Later: a Comprehensive Survey of Adaptive Hypermedia Methods and Techniques Ah 12 Years Later: a Comprehensive Survey of Adaptive Hypermedia Methods and Techniques , 2022 .

[28]  Hugh C. Davis,et al.  Panning for Gold: Designing Pedagogically-inspired Learning Nuggets , 2006, J. Educ. Technol. Soc..

[29]  Erik Duval,et al.  Tracking Actual Usage: the Attention Metadata Approach , 2007, J. Educ. Technol. Soc..

[30]  Anne-Marie Vercoustre,et al.  Reusing Educational Material for Teaching and Learning: Current Approaches and Directions , 2005 .

[31]  Peter Brusilovsky,et al.  User Models for Adaptive Hypermedia and Adaptive Educational Systems , 2007, The Adaptive Web.

[32]  Kris Luyten,et al.  Task-Based Prediction of Interaction Patterns for Ambient Intelligence Environments , 2007, HCI.

[33]  Mykola Pechenizkiy,et al.  GRAPPLE: Integrating Adaptive Learning into Learning Management Systems , 2008 .

[34]  Fred Paas,et al.  Exploring teachers' instructional design practices from a systems design perspective , 2002 .

[35]  Vincent P. Wade,et al.  Personalisation for All: Making Adaptive Course Composition Easy , 2005, J. Educ. Technol. Soc..

[36]  Michael J. Pazzani,et al.  Content-Based Recommendation Systems , 2007, The Adaptive Web.

[37]  James Dalziel,et al.  Implementing learning design : the Learning Activity Management System (LAMS) , 2003 .

[38]  Erik Duval,et al.  A Methodology and Framework for the Semi-automatic Assembly of Learning Objects , 2009, EC-TEL.

[39]  Marek Hatala,et al.  The Social Semantic Web in Intelligent Learning Environments: state of the art and future challenges , 2009, Interact. Learn. Environ..

[40]  Rob Koper,et al.  Educational modelling language: modelling reusable, interoperable, rich and personalised units of learning , 2004, Br. J. Educ. Technol..

[41]  David Griffiths,et al.  Learning Design Tools , 2005 .

[42]  Erik Duval,et al.  Finding Appropriate Learning Objects: An Empirical Evaluation , 2005, ECDL.

[43]  Erik Duval,et al.  ALOCOM: a generic content model for learning objects , 2008, International Journal on Digital Libraries.

[44]  Sebastián Ventura,et al.  Personalized Links Recommendation Based on Data Mining in Adaptive Educational Hypermedia Systems , 2007, EC-TEL.

[45]  Marcus Specht,et al.  ACE - Adaptive Courseware Environment , 2000, AH.

[46]  Paul De Bra,et al.  Adaptive educational hypermedia on the web , 2002, CACM.

[47]  Gráinne Conole,et al.  A learning design toolkit to create pedagogically effective learning activities. (in Special Issue on Advances in Learning Design) , 2005 .

[48]  Tom Boyle Layered learning design: Towards an integration of learning design and learning object perspectives , 2010, Comput. Educ..

[49]  Erik Duval,et al.  Repository Services for Outcome-based Learning , 2010 .

[50]  Vincent P. Wade,et al.  Multi-model, Metadata Driven Approach to Adaptive Hypermedia Services for Personalized eLearning , 2002, AH.

[51]  Lora Aroyo,et al.  Interoperability in Personalized Adaptive Learning , 2006, J. Educ. Technol. Soc..

[52]  Elizabeth Boling,et al.  What Do We Make of Design? Design as A Concept in Educational Technology , 2009 .

[53]  Dragan Gasevic,et al.  An Ontology-Based Framework for Bridging Learning Design and Learning Content , 2006, J. Educ. Technol. Soc..

[54]  Colin Tattersall,et al.  Learning Design: A Handbook on Modelling and Delivering Networked Education and Training , 2010 .

[55]  Rob Koper,et al.  Current Research in Learning Design , 2006 .

[56]  Dirk Riehle,et al.  Understanding and Using Patterns in Software Development , 1996, Theory Pract. Object Syst..

[57]  Erik Duval,et al.  Interoperability for Searching Learning Object Repositories: The ProLearn Query Language , 2008, D Lib Mag..

[58]  David Griffiths,et al.  THE ROLE OF TEACHERS IN EDITING AND AUTHORING UNITS OF LEARNING USING IMS LEARNING DESIGN , 2005 .

[59]  Jon Dron,et al.  CoFIND: steps towards a self-organising learning environment , 2000, WebNet.