Packet-Oriented Routing in Delay-Tolerant Vehicular Sensor Networks

Currently, vehicular sensor network (VSN) has been paid much attention for moni-toring the physical world of urban areas. We have studied VSNs by utilizing about 4000 taxis and 1000 buses equipped with GPS-based mobile sensors in Shanghai to constitute a virtual vehicular sensor network. The communication-connection intermittence makes the routing issue nontrivial when delay-tolerant applications are deployed in VSNs. The existing DTN routing protocols can be categorized as “neighbor-oriented” and how to select a neighbor candidate was always neglected. In this paper, we present a new DTN routing protocol for Delay-Tolerant Vehicular Sensor Networks, Packet-Oriented Rout-ing protocol (POR), which is designed to emphasize neighbor selection based on aware-ness of packets to be sent and in consideration of probability to complete transferring of these packets. Our results show that POR performs much better than the ordinary Epi-demic routing, as well as other popular routing protocols applied in a similar setting.

[1]  Margaret Martonosi,et al.  Erasure-coding based routing for opportunistic networks , 2005, WDTN '05.

[2]  Arun Venkataramani,et al.  DTN routing as a resource allocation problem , 2007, SIGCOMM '07.

[3]  Paolo Bellavista,et al.  Efficient data harvesting in mobile sensor platforms , 2006, Fourth Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PERCOMW'06).

[4]  Thomas R. Gross,et al.  An evaluation of inter-vehicle ad hoc networks based on realistic vehicular traces , 2006, MobiHoc '06.

[5]  Amin Vahdat,et al.  Epidemic Routing for Partially-Connected Ad Hoc Networks , 2009 .

[6]  Oliver Brock,et al.  MV routing and capacity building in disruption tolerant networks , 2005, Proceedings IEEE 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies..

[7]  Hari Balakrishnan,et al.  A measurement study of vehicular internet access using in situ Wi-Fi networks , 2006, MobiCom '06.

[8]  Kevin R. Fall,et al.  A delay-tolerant network architecture for challenged internets , 2003, SIGCOMM '03.

[9]  Anders Lindgren,et al.  Probabilistic routing in intermittently connected networks , 2003, MOCO.

[10]  Davide Frey,et al.  Towards lightweight information dissemination in inter-vehicular networks , 2006, VANET '06.

[11]  Donald F. Towsley,et al.  Study of a bus-based disruption-tolerant network: mobility modeling and impact on routing , 2007, MobiCom '07.

[12]  Xu Li,et al.  Performance Evaluation of SUVnet With Real-Time Traffic Data , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[13]  Paolo Bellavista,et al.  Dissemination and Harvesting of Urban Data Using Vehicular Sensing Platforms , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[14]  Zhensheng Zhang,et al.  Routing in intermittently connected mobile ad hoc networks and delay tolerant networks: overview and challenges , 2006, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[15]  Brian Gallagher,et al.  MaxProp: Routing for Vehicle-Based Disruption-Tolerant Networks , 2006, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2006. 25TH IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications.

[16]  Cauligi S. Raghavendra,et al.  Spray and wait: an efficient routing scheme for intermittently connected mobile networks , 2005, WDTN '05.

[17]  James A. Davis,et al.  Wearable computers as packet transport mechanisms in highly-partitioned ad-hoc networks , 2001, Proceedings Fifth International Symposium on Wearable Computers.

[18]  Hao Wu,et al.  MDDV: a mobility-centric data dissemination algorithm for vehicular networks , 2004, VANET '04.

[19]  Xu Li,et al.  Routing in Large-Scale Buses Ad Hoc Networks , 2008, 2008 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference.

[20]  Yili Gong,et al.  Anycast Routing in Delay Tolerant Networks , 2006 .

[21]  Brad Karp,et al.  GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks , 2000, MobiCom '00.

[22]  Ellen W. Zegura,et al.  Controlling the mobility of multiple data transport ferries in a delay-tolerant network , 2005, Proceedings IEEE 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies..

[23]  Paul A. S. Ward,et al.  Practical Routing in Delay-Tolerant Networks , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.