Building Domain Ontologies from Text for Educational Purposes

This paper presents a semi-automatic framework that aims to produce domain concept maps from text and then to derive domain ontologies from these concept maps. This methodology particularly targets the e-learning and AIED (artificial intelligence in education) communities as they need such structures to sustain the production of e-learning resources tailored to learners' needs. This paper details the steps to transform textual resources, particularly textual learning objects (LOs), into domain concept maps and it explains how this abstract structure is transformed into a formal domain ontology. A methodology is also presented to evaluate the results of ontology learning. The paper shows how such structures (domain concept maps and formal ontologies) make it possible to bridge the gap between eLearning and intelligent tutoring systems by providing a common domain model.

[1]  Chung Hee Hwang,et al.  Incompletely and Imprecisely Speaking: Using Dynamic Ontologies for Representing and Retrieving Information , 1999, KRDB.

[2]  Amal Zouaq,et al.  Bridging the Gap between ITS and eLearning: Towards Learning Knowledge Objects , 2008, Intelligent Tutoring Systems.

[3]  Christopher D. Manning,et al.  Generating Typed Dependency Parses from Phrase Structure Parses , 2006, LREC.

[4]  Carsten Ullrich,et al.  Description of an Instructional Ontology and its Application in Web Services for Education , 2004 .

[5]  Dan Klein,et al.  Accurate Unlexicalized Parsing , 2003, ACL.

[6]  Jim E. Greer,et al.  Combining ITS and eLearning Technologies: Opportunities and Challenges , 2006, Intelligent Tutoring Systems.

[7]  Massimo Poesio,et al.  Finding Attributes in the Web Using a Parser , 2005 .

[8]  Alexandra I. Cristea Is semi-automatic authoring of adaptive educational hypermedia possible? , 2004 .

[9]  Doug Downey,et al.  Web-scale information extraction in knowitall: (preliminary results) , 2004, WWW '04.

[10]  Gilbert Paquette,et al.  An Ontology and a Software Framework for Competency Modeling and Management , 2007, J. Educ. Technol. Soc..

[11]  Martin F. Porter,et al.  An algorithm for suffix stripping , 1997, Program.

[12]  Dragan Gasevic,et al.  Ontologies for Effective Use of Context in e-Learning Settings , 2007, J. Educ. Technol. Soc..

[13]  Paola Velardi,et al.  Learning Domain Ontologies from Document Warehouses and Dedicated Web Sites , 2004, CL.

[14]  Marti A. Hearst Automatic Acquisition of Hyponyms from Large Text Corpora , 1992, COLING.

[15]  Alexandra Poulovassilis,et al.  Personalisation Services for Self E-learning Networks , 2004, ICWE.

[16]  Luis Gravano,et al.  Snowball: extracting relations from large plain-text collections , 2000, DL '00.

[17]  John T. Nosek,et al.  A Comparison of Formal Knowledge Representation Schemes as Communication Tools: Predicate Logic vs Semantic Network , 1990, Int. J. Man Mach. Stud..

[18]  Mark Stevenson,et al.  Comparing Information Extraction Pattern Models , 2006 .

[19]  Paul Buitelaar,et al.  Ontology Learning from Text: An Overview , 2005 .

[20]  I. Witten,et al.  Domain-Speci c Keyphrase Extraction , 1999 .

[21]  David B. Leake,et al.  JUMP-STARTING CONCEPT MAP CONSTRUCTION WITH KNOWLEDGE EXTRACTED FROM DOCUMENTS , 2006 .

[22]  Harith Alani,et al.  Metrics for Ranking Ontologies , 2006, EON@WWW.

[23]  James A. Hendler,et al.  The Semantic Web" in Scientific American , 2001 .

[24]  Lora Aroyo,et al.  A Layered Approach towards Domain Authoring support , 2002, IC-AI.

[25]  Marko Grobelnik,et al.  A SURVEY OF ONTOLOGY EVALUATION TECHNIQUES , 2005 .

[26]  Steffen Staab,et al.  Ontology Learning for the Semantic Web , 2002, IEEE Intell. Syst..

[27]  Monique Grandbastien,et al.  Des ontologies pour la conception de manuels de formation à partir de documents techniques , 2002 .

[28]  Amal Zouaq,et al.  Using a Competence Model to Aggregate Learning Knowledge Objects , 2007, Seventh IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT 2007).

[29]  Dragan Gasevic,et al.  Ontology-Based Learning Content Repurposing: The ALOCoM Framework. , 2006 .

[30]  Amal Zouaq,et al.  An Integrated Approach for AutomaticAggregation of Learning Knowledge Objects , 2007 .

[31]  Thomas Reichherzer,et al.  Collaborative knowledge capture in ontologies , 2005, K-CAP '05.

[32]  Lora Aroyo,et al.  The New Challenges for E-learning: The Educational Semantic Web , 2004, J. Educ. Technol. Soc..

[33]  J. Novak The Theory Underlying Concept Maps and How To Construct Them , 2004 .

[34]  Paul Buitelaar,et al.  A Protégé Plug-In for Ontology Extraction from Text Based on Linguistic Analysis , 2004, ESWS.

[35]  Massimo Poesio,et al.  Identifying Concept Attributes Using a Classifier , 2005, ACL 2005.

[36]  Smaranda Muresan,et al.  A Method for Automatically Building and Evaluating Dictionary Resources , 2002, LREC.

[37]  Sylvain DEHORS,et al.  Towards a Corporate Semantic Web Approach in Designing Learning Systems . Review of the T RIAL S OLUTION Project , 2005 .

[38]  Michael A. Covington,et al.  A Fundamental Algorithm for Dependency Parsing , 2004 .

[39]  Gilles Bisson,et al.  Designing Clustering Methods for Ontology Building - The Mo'K Workbench , 2000, ECAI Workshop on Ontology Learning.

[40]  Vincent Wade,et al.  Just-in-time Generation of Pedagogically Sound, Context Sensitive Personalized Learning Experiences , 2006 .

[41]  Antonija Mitrovic,et al.  A Knowledge Acquisition System for Constraint-based Intelligent Tutoring Systems , 2005, AIED.

[42]  R. Clariana,et al.  A computer-based approach for translating text into concept map-like representations , 2004 .

[43]  Dunja Mladenic,et al.  Background knowledge for ontology construction , 2006, WWW '06.

[44]  Yvonne Barnard,et al.  Re-using technical manuals for instruction: creating instructional material with the tools of the IMAT project. , 2002 .

[45]  Vladan Devedzic,et al.  Ontologies for Creating Learning Object Content , 2004, KES.

[46]  Jacqueline Bourdeau,et al.  Making Learning Design Standards Work with an Ontology of Educational Theories , 2005, AIED.

[47]  Johanna Völker,et al.  Ontology Learning and Reasoning - Dealing with Uncertainty and Inconsistency , 2005, ISWC-URSW.

[48]  J. Stanley,et al.  Book Review: Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, The Classification of Educational Goals, Handbook I: Cognitive Domain , 1957 .

[49]  Oren Etzioni,et al.  Open Information Extraction from the Web , 2007, CACM.

[50]  Carl Gutwin,et al.  Domain-Specific Keyphrase Extraction , 1999, IJCAI.