Evolutionary Techniques in Physical Robotics

Evolutionary and coevolutionary techniques have become a popular area of research for those interested in automated design. One of the cutting edge issues in this field is the ability to apply these techniques to real physical systems with all the complexities and affordances that such systems present. Here we present a selection of our work each of which advances the richness of the evolutionary substrate in one or more dimensions. We overview research in four areas: a) High part-count static structures that are buildable, b) The use of commercial CAD/CAM systems as a simulated substrate, c) Dynamic electromechanical systems with complex morphology that can be built automatically, and d) Evolutionary techniques distributed in a physical population of robots.

[1]  Bruce Randall Donald,et al.  Minimalism Distribution Supermodularity , 1997, J. Exp. Theor. Artif. Intell..

[2]  John Hallam,et al.  A hybrid GP/GA approach for co-evolving controllers and robot bodies to achieve fitness-specified tasks , 1996, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation.

[3]  Jordan B. Pollack,et al.  Towards continuously reconfigurable self-designing robotics , 2000, Proceedings 2000 ICRA. Millennium Conference. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Symposia Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37065).

[4]  D. Dimos,et al.  Solid Freeform and Additive Fabrication , 1998 .

[5]  Pablo Funes Computer Evolution of Buildable Objects , 1997 .

[6]  Pattie Maes,et al.  The Evolution of Communication Schemes Over Continuous Channels , 1996 .

[7]  Tucker R. Balch,et al.  Motor Schema-Based Formation Control for Multiagent Robot Teams , 1995, ICMAS.

[8]  Maciej Komosinski,et al.  Framsticks: Towards a Simulation of a Nature-Like World, Creatures and Evolution , 1999, ECAL.

[9]  Jordan B. Pollack,et al.  Evolution of Physical Machines , 2000, AID.

[10]  Karl Sims,et al.  Evolving 3d morphology and behavior by competition , 1994 .

[11]  Minoru Asada,et al.  Cooperative Behavior Acquisition in a Multiple Mobile Robot Environment by Co-evolution , 1998, RoboCup.

[12]  Jordan B. Pollack,et al.  Evolutionary Body Building: Adaptive Physical Designs for Robots , 1998, Artificial Life.

[13]  Peter J. Bentley,et al.  Evolutionary Design by Computers Morgan Kaufmann , 1999 .

[14]  Jordan B. Pollack,et al.  Embodied evolution: embodying an evolutionary algorithm in a population of robots , 1999, Proceedings of the 1999 Congress on Evolutionary Computation-CEC99 (Cat. No. 99TH8406).

[15]  M. Sincell Physics Meets the Hideous Bog Beast , 1999, Science.

[16]  D Cliff,et al.  Knowledge-based vision and simple visual machines. , 1997, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.

[17]  Sridhar Mahadevan,et al.  Automatic Programming of Behavior-Based Robots Using Reinforcement Learning , 1991, Artif. Intell..

[18]  Maja J. Matarić,et al.  Leaning to behave socially , 1994 .

[19]  John Hallam,et al.  Evolving robot morphology , 1997, Proceedings of 1997 IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation (ICEC '97).

[20]  Lynne E. Parker,et al.  Task-oriented multi-robot learning in behavior-based systems , 1996, Proceedings of IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. IROS '96.

[21]  Bruce Randall Donald,et al.  Moving furniture with teams of autonomous robots , 1995, Proceedings 1995 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. Human Robot Interaction and Cooperative Robots.

[22]  Jean-Louis Deneubourg,et al.  From local actions to global tasks: stigmergy and collective robotics , 2000 .

[23]  Nick Jakobi,et al.  Evolutionary Robotics and the Radical Envelope-of-Noise Hypothesis , 1997, Adapt. Behav..

[24]  Svetha Venkatesh,et al.  From Living Eyes to Seeing Machines , 1997 .

[25]  Nils J. Nilsson,et al.  A mobius automation: an application of artificial intelligence techniques , 1969, IJCAI 1969.

[26]  Randall D. Beer,et al.  Application of evolved locomotion controllers to a hexapod robot , 1996, Robotics Auton. Syst..

[27]  E. Niebur From living eyes to seeing machines, M.V. Srinivasan, S. Venkatesh. Oxford University Press (1997), ISBN 0 198 577 850 , 1997 .

[28]  Michael L. Littman,et al.  Markov Games as a Framework for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning , 1994, ICML.

[29]  Francesco Mondada,et al.  Evolution of homing navigation in a real mobile robot , 1996, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B.

[30]  R. A. Brooks,et al.  Intelligence without Representation , 1991, Artif. Intell..

[31]  Francesco Mondada,et al.  Hardware Solutions for Evolutionary Robotics , 1998 .

[32]  M. Matarić Learning to Behave Socially , 1994 .

[33]  Toshio Fukuda,et al.  Genetic Evolution and Self-Organization of Cellular Robotic System , 1995 .

[34]  Jack C. Morrison,et al.  On-Board Software for the Mars Pathfinder Microrover , 1995 .

[35]  Maja J. Mataric,et al.  Reward Functions for Accelerated Learning , 1994, ICML.

[36]  Tucker Balch,et al.  Learning Roles: Behavioral Diversity in Robot Teams , 1997 .

[37]  Peter J. Angeline,et al.  An evolutionary algorithm that constructs recurrent neural networks , 1994, IEEE Trans. Neural Networks.

[38]  Nils J. Nilsson,et al.  A Mobile Automaton: An Application of Artificial Intelligence Techniques , 1969, IJCAI.

[39]  Dario Floreano,et al.  Evolutionary Robotics in Artificial Life and Behavior Engineering , 1998 .

[40]  Dave Cliff,et al.  Challenges in evolving controllers for physical robots , 1996, Robotics Auton. Syst..

[41]  Pattie Maes,et al.  Dynamics of Co-evolutionary Learning , 1996 .

[42]  Minoru Asada,et al.  Cooperative behavior acquisition in multi-mobile robots environment by reinforcement learning based on state vector estimation , 1998, Proceedings. 1998 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.98CH36146).

[43]  Hiroshi Kobayashi,et al.  An Autonomous Agent Navigating with a Polarized Light Compass , 1997, Adapt. Behav..