A link contact duration-based routing protocol in delay-tolerant networks

Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) provide message delivery services to users via intermittently connected nodes. In DTNs, routing is one of the most challenging issues since end-to-end connectivity between nodes may not be available most of the time. Although many routing protocols for DTNs have been proposed, they do not achieve satisfactory performance, since they exploit only some of the network characteristics. In this paper, we present a new DTN routing protocol, called the Link Contact Duration-based Routing Protocol (LCD). Like existing protocols, LCD uses the disconnect duration of a link between two nodes to find the routing path with the shortest end-to-end delay. In addition, LCD uses the contact duration of a link and the number of buffered messages to deliver as many messages as possible in a short time. Our simulation results show that LCD has better performance than existing DTN routing protocols.

[1]  Robin Kravets,et al.  Encounter-Based Routing in DTNs , 2009, INFOCOM.

[2]  Wanjiun Liao,et al.  Link duration of the random way point model in mobile ad hoc networks , 2006, IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2006. WCNC 2006..

[3]  Brian Gallagher,et al.  MaxProp: Routing for Vehicle-Based Disruption-Tolerant Networks , 2006, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2006. 25TH IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications.

[4]  Cauligi S. Raghavendra,et al.  Spray and wait: an efficient routing scheme for intermittently connected mobile networks , 2005, WDTN '05.

[5]  Xin Li,et al.  E-PROPHET: a novel routing protocol for intermittently connected wireless networks , 2009, IWCMC.

[6]  Arun Venkataramani,et al.  DTN routing as a resource allocation problem , 2007, SIGCOMM '07.

[7]  David Tse,et al.  Mobility increases the capacity of ad-hoc wireless networks , 2001, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2001. Conference on Computer Communications. Twentieth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Society (Cat. No.01CH37213).

[8]  Mario Gerla,et al.  Ad-hoc Storage Overlay System (ASOS): A Delay-Tolerant Approach in MANETs , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems.

[9]  Toufik Ahmed,et al.  Orion Routing Protocol for Delay Tolerant Networks , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[10]  Albert-László Barabási,et al.  Understanding individual human mobility patterns , 2008, Nature.

[11]  Milena Radenkovic,et al.  Promoting congestion control in opportunistic networks , 2010, 2010 IEEE 6th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications.

[12]  Zheng Guo,et al.  Prediction Assisted Single-Copy Routing in Underwater Delay Tolerant Networks , 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM 2010.

[13]  Tarek F. Abdelzaher,et al.  A Caching-Based Approach to Routing in Delay-Tolerant Networks , 2007, 2007 16th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks.

[14]  Oliver Brock,et al.  MV routing and capacity building in disruption tolerant networks , 2005, Proceedings IEEE 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies..

[15]  David A. Maltz,et al.  Dynamic Source Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks , 1994, Mobidata.

[16]  Ahmed Helmy,et al.  Impact of Mobility on Last Encounter Routing Protocols , 2007, 2007 4th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks.

[17]  Pin-Han Ho,et al.  ARBR: Adaptive reinforcement-based routing for DTN , 2010, 2010 IEEE 6th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications.

[18]  S. Ghandeharizadeh,et al.  An evaluation of location-demographic replacement policies for zebroids , 2006, CCNC 2006. 2006 3rd IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, 2006..

[19]  Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues,et al.  Exploiting Node Localization for Performance Improvement of Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Networks , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[20]  Qian Zhang,et al.  Shortest path routing in partially connected ad hoc networks , 2003, GLOBECOM '03. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37489).

[21]  Cauligi S. Raghavendra,et al.  Spray and Focus: Efficient Mobility-Assisted Routing for Heterogeneous and Correlated Mobility , 2007, Fifth Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerComW'07).

[22]  Anders Lindgren,et al.  Probabilistic Routing in Intermittently Connected Networks , 2004, SAPIR.

[23]  Qinghua Li,et al.  Contact duration aware data replication in Delay Tolerant Networks , 2011, 2011 19th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols.

[24]  Paul A. S. Ward,et al.  Practical Routing in Delay-Tolerant Networks , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[25]  Waylon Brunette,et al.  Data MULEs: modeling a three-tier architecture for sparse sensor networks , 2003, Proceedings of the First IEEE International Workshop on Sensor Network Protocols and Applications, 2003..

[26]  Rabin K. Patra,et al.  Routing in a delay tolerant network , 2004, SIGCOMM '04.

[27]  Arun Venkataramani,et al.  DTN routing as a resource allocation problem , 2007, SIGCOMM 2007.

[28]  Charles E. Perkins,et al.  Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing , 1999, Proceedings WMCSA'99. Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications.

[29]  Charles E. Perkins,et al.  Highly dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers , 1994, SIGCOMM.

[30]  Cauligi S. Raghavendra,et al.  Single-copy routing in intermittently connected mobile networks , 2004, 2004 First Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, 2004. IEEE SECON 2004..

[31]  James A. Davis,et al.  Wearable computers as packet transport mechanisms in highly-partitioned ad-hoc networks , 2001, Proceedings Fifth International Symposium on Wearable Computers.

[32]  Amin Vahdat,et al.  Epidemic Routing for Partially-Connected Ad Hoc Networks , 2009 .