Active Vision: Fixational Eye Movements Help Seeing Space in Time

The significance of the miniature eye movements that we make during visual fixation has been intensely debated for the last 80 years. Recent studies have revealed that these motions of the eyes fulfill an important functional role: helping to extract useful information from natural scenes.

[1]  K. Døving,et al.  Sensitivity and selectivity of neurons in the medial region of the olfactory bulb to skin extract from conspecifics in crucian carp, Carassius carassius. , 2003, Chemical senses.

[2]  D. Chivers,et al.  The Evolution of Chemical Alarm Signals: Attracting Predators Benefits Alarm Signal Senders , 1996, The American Naturalist.

[3]  L. P. O'Keefe,et al.  The influence of fixational eye movements on the response of neurons in area MT of the macaque , 1998, Visual Neuroscience.

[4]  Steinman Rm,et al.  The role of eye movement in the detection of contrast and spatial detail. , 1990 .

[5]  M. Rucci,et al.  Microsaccades Precisely Relocate Gaze in a High Visual Acuity Task , 2010, Nature Neuroscience.

[6]  Wolfgang W. Weisser,et al.  Alarm pheromone mediates production of winged dispersal morphs in aphids , 2005 .

[7]  R. Steinman,et al.  The role of eye movement in the detection of contrast and spatial detail. , 1990, Reviews of oculomotor research.

[8]  Pascal Fries,et al.  A Microsaccadic Rhythm Modulates Gamma-Band Synchronization and Behavior , 2009, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[9]  Martina Poletti,et al.  Miniature eye movements enhance fine spatial detail , 2007, Nature.

[10]  K. Frisch,et al.  Zur Psychologie des Fisch-Schwarmes , 1938, Naturwissenschaften.

[11]  C. Kost,et al.  Herbivore‐induced plant volatiles induce an indirect defence in neighbouring plants , 2006 .

[12]  M. Rolfs.  Microsaccades: Small steps on a long way , 2009, Vision Research.

[13]  W. Pfeiffer.  The Distribution of Fright Reaction and Alarm Substance Cells in Fishes , 1977 .

[14]  A. Magurran,et al.  Is there a fish alarm pheromone? A wild study and critique , 1996, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[15]  V. Paul,et al.  Alarm pheromones from the marine opisthobranchNavanax inermis , 2004, Journal of Chemical Ecology.

[16]  Joseph J. Atick,et al.  What Does the Retina Know about Natural Scenes? , 1992, Neural Computation.

[17]  K. Døving,et al.  Specific projection of the sensory crypt cells in the olfactory system in crucian carp, Carassius carassius. , 2006, Chemical senses.

[18]  W. Pfeiffer.  THE FRIGHT REACTION OF FISH , 1962, Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society.

[19]  S. Brennan,et al.  Ostariophysan Alarm Pheromones: Laboratory and Field Tests of the Functional Significance of Nitrogen Oxides , 2004, Journal of Chemical Ecology.

[20]  Ehud Ahissar,et al.  Figuring Space by Time , 2001, Neuron.

[21]  R. Tollrian,et al.  Are shoals of minnow Phoxinus phoxinus formed by close kin? , 2012, Journal of fish biology.

[22]  R. J. Smith,et al.  Brain benzodiazepine receptors in fathead minnows and the behavioral response to alarm pheromone , 1989, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[23]  Ralf Engbert,et al.  An integrated model of fixational eye movements and microsaccades , 2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[24]  D. Snodderly,et al.  Selective activation of visual cortex neurons by fixational eye movements: Implications for neural coding , 2001, Visual Neuroscience.

[25]  J. Victor,et al.  Temporal Encoding of Spatial Information during Active Visual Fixation , 2012, Current Biology.

[26]  K. Frisch.  Über einen Schreckstoff der Fischhaut und seine biologische Bedeutung , 1942, Zeitschrift für vergleichende Physiologie.

[27]  H. Collewijn,et al.  The significance of microsaccades for vision and oculomotor control. , 2008, Journal of vision.

[28]  D J Field,et al.  Relations between the statistics of natural images and the response properties of cortical cells. , 1987, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[29]  D. Snodderly,et al.  Saccades and drifts differentially modulate neuronal activity in V1: effects of retinal image motion, position, and extraretinal influences. , 2008, Journal of vision.

[30]  D. Chivers,et al.  Chemical Alarm Signals: Predator Deterrents or Predator Attractants? , 1995, The American Naturalist.

[31]  D. Discher,et al.  Subcellular Organization: Change of Phase in Partitioning the Cellular Milieu , 2012, Current Biology.

[32]  K. Fujii,et al.  Visualization for the analysis of fluid motion , 2005, J. Vis..

[33]  David Williams,et al.  Blurring by fixational eye movements , 1992, Vision Research.

[34]  Hamutal Slovin,et al.  Spatiotemporal effects of microsaccades on population activity in the visual cortex of monkeys during fixation. , 2012, Cerebral cortex.

[35]  Eero P. Simoncelli,et al.  Natural image statistics and neural representation. , 2001, Annual review of neuroscience.

[36]  Nao Ninomiya,et al.  The 10th anniversary of journal of visualization , 2007, J. Vis..

[37]  Martina Poletti,et al.  Eye movements under various conditions of image fading. , 2010, Journal of vision.

[38]  R. J. Smith,et al.  Alarm signals in fishes , 1992, Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries.

[39]  Haim Sompolinsky,et al.  Bayesian model of dynamic image stabilization in the visual system , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[40]  Ziad M. Hafed,et al.  A Neural Mechanism for Microsaccade Generation in the Primate Superior Colliculus , 2009, Science.

[41]  G. Meier,et al.  Effect of hypoxanthine-3(N)-oxide and hypoxanthine-1(N)-oxide on central nervous excitation of the black tetraGymnocorymbus ternetzi (Characidae, Ostariophysi, Pisces) indicated by dorsal light response , 1985, Journal of Chemical Ecology.

[42]  R. Friedrich,et al.  Chondroitin Fragments Are Odorants that Trigger Fear Behavior in Fish , 2012, Current Biology.

[43]  M. C. Ferrari,et al.  Epidermal ‘alarm substance’ cells of fishes maintained by non-alarm functions: possible defence against pathogens, parasites and UVB radiation , 2007, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.