Effect of Peer Interaction among Online Learning Community on Learning Engagement and Achievement

This article explores whether a learning community can affect students’ learning achievement andengagement.Besides,thisstudyalsoanalyzedwhetherdegreecentralitiesofpeerinteraction affectlearningachievementandlearningengagementbasedonsocialnetworkanalysis.Whilethe experimentalgroupcombinedtheEnglishlearningsystemwiththeonlinelearningcommunity,the controlgroupwassimplyusingtheEnglishlearningsystem.Theresultsindicatedthatthestudents’ engagementfromtheonlinelearningcommunitywerehigherthantheoneswhousedtheEnglish learningsystemonly,althoughthelearningachievementisnotsignificantdifferencebetweenthese two groups. Moreover, higher interaction learners from the online learning community revealed betterperformanceinlearningachievementandstudentengagement.Otherthanthat,thelearners who played the “Center” emerged with a higher learning achievement as well as the students’ engagementthanthe“Periphery”ones.Theresearchprovidessuggestionsforonlinelearningwith learningcommunicationsaswell. KEywORDS English Learning System, Facebook, Learning Engagement, Learning, Online, Online Learning Community, Peer Interaction, Social Role

[1]  Ji-Hye Park,et al.  Factors Influencing Adult Learners' Decision to Drop Out or Persist in Online Learning , 2009, J. Educ. Technol. Soc..

[2]  Panagiotis Tsiotakis,et al.  Critical factors towards analysing teachers' presence in on-line learning communities , 2016, Internet High. Educ..

[3]  T. Russo,et al.  Prestige, Centrality, and Learning: A Social Network Analysis of an Online Class , 2005 .

[4]  Şahin Gökçearslan,et al.  The effect of locus of control on learners' sense of community and academic success in the context of online learning communities , 2015, Internet High. Educ..

[5]  Yasemin Koçak Usluel,et al.  An Analysis of Density and Degree-Centrality According to the Social Networking Structure Formed in an Online Learning Environment , 2016, J. Educ. Technol. Soc..

[6]  Chih-Hung Lai,et al.  Design and Evaluation of Question-Generated Programming Learning System , 2017, 2017 6th IIAI International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAI-AAI).

[7]  John Hamer,et al.  Collaborative learning technologies , 2009 .

[8]  Alireza Jalilifar,et al.  Using Short Message Service (SMS) to teach English idioms to EFL students , 2013, Br. J. Educ. Technol..

[9]  Sook Hi Kang.  An Approach to Designing a Digital Textbook: Its Types and Function , 1998 .

[10]  Paul A. Tess.  The role of social media in higher education classes (real and virtual) - A literature review , 2013, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[11]  Jamal El-Den,et al.  Facebook as a tool for learning purposes: Analysis of the determinants leading to improved students’ learning , 2015 .

[12]  Curtis J. Bonk,et al.  Social network analysis of peer relationships and online interactions in a blended class using blogs , 2016, Internet High. Educ..

[13]  Joanna C. Dunlap,et al.  Tweeting the Night Away: Using Twitter to Enhance Social Presence , 2009 .

[14]  Feng Hsu Wang,et al.  An exploration of online behaviour engagement and achievement in flipped classroom supported by learning management system , 2017, Comput. Educ..

[15]  Osmar R. Zaïane,et al.  Social network analysis and mining to support the assessment of on-line student participation , 2012, SKDD.

[16]  James Robson,et al.  Engagement in structured social space: an investigation of teachers' online peer-to-peer interaction , 2016 .

[17]  Ade Iriani,et al.  Using Social Networking Analysis (SNA) to Analyze Collaboration between Students (Case Study: Students of Open University in Kupang) , 2014 .

[18]  Kimberly Safford,et al.  Barriers to blended digital distance vocational learning for non-traditional students , 2016, Br. J. Educ. Technol..

[19]  Yu-Fen Yang,et al.  A Collective Case Study of Online Interaction Patterns in Text Revisions , 2011, J. Educ. Technol. Soc..

[20]  Doug Johnson,et al.  Do Schools Still Need Brick-and-Mortar Libraries?. , 2009 .

[21]  Sen Huang,et al.  What Learning Analytics Tells Us: Group Behavior Analysis and Individual Learning Diagnosis based on Long-Term and Large-Scale Data , 2018, J. Educ. Technol. Soc..

[22]  Charles B. Hodges,et al.  Email, Self-Regulation, Self-Efficacy, and Achievement in a College Online Mathematics Course , 2010 .

[23]  D. Gašević,et al.  “Choose Your Classmates, Your GPA Is at Stake!” , 2013 .

[24]  Seçil Yemen-Karpuzcu,et al.  Prospective Middle School Mathematics Teachers’ Covariational Reasoning for Interpreting Dynamic Events During Peer Interactions , 2017 .

[25]  Cassandra Scharber,et al.  The influences of an experienced instructor's discussion design and facilitation on an online learning community development: A social network analysis study , 2017, Internet High. Educ..

[26]  Christina Keller,et al.  ICT-supported peer interaction among learners in Bachelor's and Master's thesis courses , 2016, Comput. Educ..

[27]  C. Amelung,et al.  Using Social Network Analysis to Understand Sense of Community in an Online Learning Environment , 2008 .

[28]  Jing Lv,et al.  Social presence in relation to students' satisfaction and learning in the online environment: A meta-analysis , 2017, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[29]  Mark Batey,et al.  A tale of two sites: Twitter vs. Facebook and the personality predictors of social media usage , 2012, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[30]  Tammy Bickmore,et al.  The Evidence Based Practitioner: Applying Research to Meet Client Needs (2017) , 2017, Occupational therapy in health care.

[31]  Emilie Vayre,et al.  Psychological Engagement of Students in Distance and Online Learning , 2017 .

[32]  Abbie Brown,et al.  Enhancing Social Presence in Online Learning: Mediation Strategies Applied to Social Networking Tools , 2009 .

[33]  Dragan Gasevic,et al.  Translating network position into performance: importance of centrality in different network configurations , 2016, LAK.

[34]  Nada Dabbagh,et al.  Personal Learning Environments, social media, and self-regulated learning: A natural formula for connecting formal and informal learning , 2012, Internet High. Educ..

[35]  Stephen J. H. Yang,et al.  Applying learning analytics for improving students engagement and learning outcomes in an MOOCs enabled collaborative programming course , 2017, Interact. Learn. Environ..

[36]  Chia-Hu Chang,et al.  Exploring the Peer Interaction Effects on Learning Achievement in a Social Learning Platform Based on Social Network Analysis , 2017, Int. J. Distance Educ. Technol..

[37]  K. Scott,et al.  Learning "beyond the classroom" within an enterprise social network system , 2016, Internet High. Educ..

[38]  Richard Allen Carter,et al.  Online Teacher Work to Support Self-Regulation of Learning in Students with Disabilities at a Fully Online State Virtual School , 2016 .

[39]  Eunice Tang,et al.  Building an effective online learning community (OLC) in blog-based teaching portfolios , 2014, Internet High. Educ..

[40]  George D. Kuh,et al.  Student Engagement and Student Learning: Testing the Linkages* , 2006 .

[41]  Chen-Chung Liu,et al.  A social network analysis on elementary student engagement in the networked creation community , 2017, Comput. Educ..

[42]  A. Kaplan,et al.  Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media , 2010 .

[43]  Miroslava Raspopovic,et al.  The Effects of Integrating Social Learning Environment with Online Learning , 2017 .

[44]  José Ignacio Aguaded Gómez,et al.  Social Network Analysis of a Blended Learning experience in higher education , 2014 .

[45]  Karen Brennan.  Audience in the service of learning: how kids negotiate attention in an online community of interactive media designers , 2016 .

[46]  Jennifer C. Richardson,et al.  Exploring the effects of students' social networking experience on social presence and perceptions of using SNSs for educational purposes , 2016, Internet High. Educ..

[47]  Charles B. Hodges.  Self-efficacy, Motivational Email, and Achievement in an Asynchronous Math Course , 2008 .

[48]  Kwok-Wing Lai,et al.  Knowledge construction in online learning communities: a case study of a doctoral course , 2015 .