A Survey on Energy Management for Mobile and IoT Devices

Editor’s notes: Mobile and IoT devices have proliferated our daily lives. However, these miniaturized computing systems should be highly energy-efficient due to their ultrasmall form factor. Hence, energy management is of utmost importance for both mobile and IoT devices. This article presents a comprehensive survey on this topic. —Partha Pratim Pande, Washington State University

[1]  Konstantina Papagiannaki,et al.  Catnap: exploiting high bandwidth wireless interfaces to save energy for mobile devices , 2010, MobiSys '10.

[2]  Hojung Cha,et al.  AppScope: Application Energy Metering Framework for Android Smartphone Using Kernel Activity Monitoring , 2012, USENIX Annual Technical Conference.

[3]  Joshua R. Smith,et al.  PASSIVE WI-FI: Bringing Low Power to Wi-Fi Transmissions , 2016, GETMBL.

[4]  Pi-Cheng Hsiu,et al.  CURA: A Framework for Quality-Retaining Power Saving on Mobile OLED Displays , 2016, ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst..

[5]  Umit Y. Ogras,et al.  Algorithmic Optimization of Thermal and Power Management for Heterogeneous Mobile Platforms , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems.

[6]  Nikil D. Dutt,et al.  Dynamic backlight adaptation for low-power handheld devices , 2004, IEEE Design & Test of Computers.

[7]  Christos G. Cassandras,et al.  Energy-Based Lifetime Maximization and Security of Wireless-Sensor Networks With General Nonideal Battery Models , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems.

[8]  Mahadev Satyanarayanan,et al.  PowerScope: a tool for profiling the energy usage of mobile applications , 1999, Proceedings WMCSA'99. Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications.

[9]  Ümit Y. Ogras,et al.  DyPO , 2017, ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst..

[10]  Shiwen Mao,et al.  Energy Delay Tradeoff in Cloud Offloading for Multi-Core Mobile Devices , 2015, IEEE Access.

[11]  Shanq-Jang Ruan,et al.  A Power-Saving Histogram Adjustment Algorithm for OLED-Oriented Contrast Enhancement , 2016, Journal of Display Technology.

[12]  Dongsoo Han,et al.  Energy-Efficient Location Logging for Mobile Device , 2010, 2010 10th IEEE/IPSJ International Symposium on Applications and the Internet.

[13]  Chieh-Jan Mike Liang,et al.  Memory-Centric Data Storage for Mobile Systems , 2015, USENIX Annual Technical Conference.

[14]  Alan J. Weger,et al.  Thermal-aware task scheduling at the system software level , 2007, Proceedings of the 2007 international symposium on Low power electronics and design (ISLPED '07).

[15]  Alexandre Yakovlev,et al.  Power--Aware Performance Adaptation of Concurrent Applications in Heterogeneous Many-Core Systems , 2016, ISLPED.

[16]  Sudeep Pasricha,et al.  3-D WiRED: A Novel WIDE I/O DRAM With Energy-Efficient 3-D Bank Organization , 2015, IEEE Design & Test.

[17]  Radu Marculescu,et al.  Energy- and performance-aware mapping for regular NoC architectures , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems.

[18]  Samarjit Chakraborty,et al.  Lightweight graphics instrumentation for game state-specific power management in Android , 2014, Multimedia Systems.

[19]  Axel Jantsch,et al.  On-Chip Dynamic Resource Management , 2019, Found. Trends Electron. Des. Autom..

[20]  Joshua R. Smith,et al.  Wi-fi backscatter , 2014, SIGCOMM 2015.

[21]  Sudeep Pasricha,et al.  Context-Aware Energy Enhancements for Smart Mobile Devices , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[22]  Demis Hassabis,et al.  Mastering the game of Go without human knowledge , 2017, Nature.

[23]  Stefan Schaal,et al.  Is imitation learning the route to humanoid robots? , 1999, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[24]  Chaitali Chakrabarti,et al.  A Deep Q-Learning Approach for Dynamic Management of Heterogeneous Processors , 2019, IEEE Computer Architecture Letters.

[25]  Uichin Lee,et al.  PASS: Reducing Redundant Notifications between a Smartphone and a Smartwatch for Energy Saving , 2020, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[26]  Michael Kishinevsky,et al.  A control-theoretic approach for energy efficient CPU-GPU subsystem in mobile platforms , 2015, 2015 52nd ACM/EDAC/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC).

[27]  Radu Marculescu,et al.  Workload characterization and its impact on multicore platform design , 2010, 2010 IEEE/ACM/IFIP International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis (CODES+ISSS).

[28]  Vijay Janapa Reddi,et al.  Storage on Your SmartPhone Uses More Energy Than You Think , 2017, HotStorage.

[29]  Dario Sabella,et al.  Mobile-Edge Computing Architecture: The role of MEC in the Internet of Things , 2016, IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine.

[30]  Michael Kishinevsky,et al.  User-aware Frame Rate Management in Android Smartphones , 2017, ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst..

[31]  Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez,et al.  ErdOS: achieving energy savings in mobile OS , 2011, MobiArch '11.

[32]  Massoud Pedram,et al.  Dynamic power management based on continuous-time Markov decision processes , 1999, DAC '99.

[33]  Irith Pomeranz,et al.  Battery-aware dynamic voltage scaling in multiprocessor embedded system , 2005, 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems.

[34]  Nikil D. Dutt,et al.  SPARTA: Runtime task allocation for energy efficient heterogeneous manycores , 2016, 2016 International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis (CODES+ISSS).

[35]  Naehyuck Chang,et al.  Dynamic voltage scaling of OLED displays , 2011, 2011 48th ACM/EDAC/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC).

[36]  Yiran Chen,et al.  FingerShadow: An OLED Power Optimization Based on Smartphone Touch Interactions , 2014, HotPower.

[37]  Wei Wang,et al.  Sampleless Wi-Fi: Bringing Low Power to Wi-Fi Communications , 2017, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[38]  M. Doyle,et al.  Simulation and Optimization of the Dual Lithium Ion Insertion Cell , 1994 .

[39]  Romit Roy Choudhury,et al.  EnLoc: Energy-Efficient Localization for Mobile Phones , 2009, IEEE INFOCOM 2009.

[40]  Pi-Cheng Hsiu,et al.  Dynamic backlight scaling optimization for mobile streaming applications , 2011, IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design.

[41]  Suk-Ju Kang,et al.  Perceptual Quality-Aware Power Reduction Technique for Organic Light Emitting Diodes , 2016, Journal of Display Technology.

[42]  Xi Chen,et al.  In-network Monitoring and Control Policy for DVFS of CMP Networks-on-Chip and Last Level Caches , 2012, 2012 IEEE/ACM Sixth International Symposium on Networks-on-Chip.

[43]  Youjip Won,et al.  Energy efficient IO stack design for wearable device , 2019, SAC.

[44]  Susmit Jha,et al.  CAPED: Context-aware personalized display brightness for mobile devices , 2014, 2014 International Conference on Compilers, Architecture and Synthesis for Embedded Systems (CASES).

[45]  Boudewijn R. Haverkort,et al.  Which battery model to use? , 2008, IET Softw..

[46]  Mianxiong Dong,et al.  Learning IoT in Edge: Deep Learning for the Internet of Things with Edge Computing , 2018, IEEE Network.

[47]  Minyoung Park,et al.  Saving Power in Video Playback on OLED Displays by Acceptable Changes to Perceived Brightness , 2016, Journal of Display Technology.

[48]  Young Hwan Kim,et al.  Segmentation-Based Clipped Error Control Algorithm for Global Backlight Dimming , 2014, Journal of Display Technology.

[49]  Li Shang,et al.  HybDTM: a coordinated hardware-software approach for dynamic thermal management , 2006, 2006 43rd ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference.

[50]  Wei Chen,et al.  SkyLake-SP: A 14nm 28-Core xeon® processor , 2018, 2018 IEEE International Solid - State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC).

[51]  Hari Balakrishnan,et al.  Minimizing Energy for Wireless Web Access with Bounded Slowdown , 2002, MobiCom '02.

[52]  Rajesh Krishna Balan,et al.  Adaptive display power management for OLED displays , 2012, CCRV.

[53]  Sarma B. K. Vrudhula,et al.  Battery lifetime prediction for energy-aware computing , 2002, ISLPED '02.

[54]  Anuj Pathania,et al.  Integrated CPU-GPU power management for 3D mobile games , 2014, 2014 51st ACM/EDAC/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC).

[55]  Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez,et al.  Energy Management Techniques in Modern Mobile Handsets , 2013, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[56]  Tajana Simunic,et al.  Hierarchical and Distributed Machine Learning Inference Beyond the Edge , 2019, 2019 IEEE 16th International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC).

[57]  Massoud Pedram,et al.  HEBS: histogram equalization for backlight scaling , 2005, Design, Automation and Test in Europe.

[58]  Feng Lu,et al.  SloMo: Downclocking WiFi Communication , 2013, NSDI.

[59]  Sudeep Pasricha,et al.  AURA: An application and user interaction aware middleware framework for energy optimization in mobile devices , 2011, 2011 IEEE 29th International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD).

[60]  Tajana Simunic,et al.  System-Level Power Management Using Online Learning , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems.

[61]  Geoff V. Merrett,et al.  Energy-Efficient Run-Time Mapping and Thread Partitioning of Concurrent OpenCL Applications on CPU-GPU MPSoCs , 2017, ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst..

[62]  Ümit Y. Ogras,et al.  Towards platform level power management in mobile systems , 2014, 2014 27th IEEE International System-on-Chip Conference (SOCC).

[63]  Christian Huitema,et al.  Transmission of IPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.11 Networks Outside the Context of a Basic Service Set , 2014 .

[64]  Mazliza Othman,et al.  A Survey of Mobile Cloud Computing Application Models , 2014, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[65]  Radu Marculescu,et al.  Design and Management of Voltage-Frequency Island Partitioned Networks-on-Chip , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems.

[66]  Yifu Li,et al.  Frame Buffer Compression without Color Information Loss , 2012, 2012 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology.

[67]  Jaehyuk Huh,et al.  Big or Little: A Study of Mobile Interactive Applications on an Asymmetric Multi-core Platform , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization.

[68]  Moinuddin K. Qureshi,et al.  Reducing Refresh Power in Mobile Devices with Morphable ECC , 2015, 2015 45th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks.

[69]  Laurence T. Yang,et al.  A Double Deep Q-Learning Model for Energy-Efficient Edge Scheduling , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Services Computing.

[70]  Song Liu,et al.  Hardware/software techniques for DRAM thermal management , 2011, 2011 IEEE 17th International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture.

[71]  Narayanan Vijaykrishnan,et al.  Saliency aware display power management , 2013, 2013 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE).

[72]  Sherief Reda,et al.  Pack & Cap: Adaptive DVFS and thread packing under power caps , 2011, 2011 44th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO).

[73]  Umit Y. Ogras,et al.  Dynamic Resource Management of Heterogeneous Mobile Platforms via Imitation Learning , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems.

[74]  Chao Xu,et al.  Automated OS-level Device Runtime Power Management , 2015, ASPLOS.

[75]  Ning Ding,et al.  Smartphone Energy Drain in the Wild , 2015, SIGMETRICS.

[76]  Gang Zhou,et al.  Bluesaver: A Multi-PHY Approach to Smartphone Energy Savings , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[77]  Suntae Kim,et al.  A battery lifetime guarantee scheme for selective applications in smart mobile devices , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics.

[78]  Umit Y. Ogras,et al.  Dynamic Power Budgeting for Mobile Systems Running Graphics Workloads , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Multi-Scale Computing Systems.

[79]  Radu Marculescu,et al.  Imitation Learning for Dynamic VFI Control in Large-Scale Manycore Systems , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems.

[80]  Radu Marculescu,et al.  Dynamic power management of voltage-frequency island partitioned Networks-on-Chip using Intel's Single-chip Cloud Computer , 2011, Proceedings of the Fifth ACM/IEEE International Symposium.

[81]  Jin-Shyan Lee,et al.  A preliminary study of low power wireless technologies: ZigBee and Bluetooth Low Energy , 2015, 2015 IEEE 10th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA).

[82]  Umit Y. Ogras,et al.  An Online Learning Methodology for Performance Modeling of Graphics Processors , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[83]  Fredrik Tufvesson,et al.  5G: A Tutorial Overview of Standards, Trials, Challenges, Deployment, and Practice , 2017, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[84]  Prafulla K. Choubey,et al.  Content aware targeted image manipulation to reduce power consumption in OLED panels , 2015, 2015 Eighth International Conference on Contemporary Computing (IC3).

[85]  Philip Alexander Levis TinyOS: An Open Operating System for Wireless Sensor Networks (Invited Seminar) , 2006, 7th International Conference on Mobile Data Management (MDM'06).

[86]  Andrea De Lucia,et al.  Software-based energy profiling of Android apps: Simple, efficient and reliable? , 2017, 2017 IEEE 24th International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER).

[87]  Zdenek Becvar,et al.  Mobile Edge Computing: A Survey on Architecture and Computation Offloading , 2017, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[88]  Diana Marculescu,et al.  Distributed reinforcement learning for power limited many-core system performance optimization , 2015, 2015 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE).

[89]  Jatinder Pal Singh,et al.  Improving energy efficiency of location sensing on smartphones , 2010, MobiSys '10.

[90]  Henrik Petander,et al.  Energy-aware network selection using traffic estimation , 2009, MICNET '09.

[91]  Chonho Lee,et al.  A survey of mobile cloud computing: architecture, applications, and approaches , 2013, Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput..

[92]  Albert Y. Zomaya,et al.  IoTSim-Edge: A Simulation Framework for Modeling the Behaviour of IoT and Edge Computing Environments , 2019, ArXiv.

[93]  Ramesh Govindan,et al.  Energy-delay tradeoffs in smartphone applications , 2010, MobiSys '10.

[94]  Qi Han,et al.  LearnLoc: A framework for smart indoor localization with embedded mobile devices , 2015, 2015 International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis (CODES+ISSS).

[95]  Seokjun Lee,et al.  Accurate prediction of smartphones' skin temperature by considering exothermic components , 2018, 2018 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE).

[96]  Voon Chin Phua,et al.  Wireless lan medium access control (mac) and physical layer (phy) specifications , 1999 .

[97]  Suman Nath,et al.  Energy efficient sensor data logging with amnesic flash storage , 2009, 2009 International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks.

[98]  Hamid Noori,et al.  Proactive task migration with a self-adjusting migration threshold for dynamic thermal management of multi-core processors , 2014, The Journal of Supercomputing.

[99]  Luca Benini,et al.  HVS-DBS: human visual system-aware dynamic luminance backlight scaling for video streaming applications , 2009, EMSOFT '09.

[100]  David C. Snowdon,et al.  Koala: a platform for OS-level power management , 2009, EuroSys '09.

[101]  Junfeng Zhao,et al.  Intelligent frame refresh for energy-aware display subsystems in mobile devices , 2014, 2014 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED).

[102]  Jürgen Teich,et al.  Power Density-Aware Resource Management for Heterogeneous Tiled Multicores , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[103]  M. Doyle,et al.  Modeling of Galvanostatic Charge and Discharge of the Lithium/Polymer/Insertion Cell , 1993 .

[104]  Lin Zhong,et al.  Power-saving color transformation of mobile graphical user interfaces on OLED-based displays , 2009, ISLPED.

[105]  Xi Chen,et al.  Up by their bootstraps: Online learning in Artificial Neural Networks for CMP uncore power management , 2014, 2014 IEEE 20th International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA).

[106]  Ke Zhang,et al.  Energy-Efficient Offloading for Mobile Edge Computing in 5G Heterogeneous Networks , 2016, IEEE Access.

[107]  Paramvir Bahl,et al.  Fine-grained power modeling for smartphones using system call tracing , 2011, EuroSys '11.

[108]  G. S. Visweswaran,et al.  Battery aware dynamic scheduling for periodic task graphs , 2006, Proceedings 20th IEEE International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium.

[109]  Henry Hoffmann,et al.  Maximizing Performance Under a Power Cap: A Comparison of Hardware, Software, and Hybrid Techniques , 2016, ASPLOS.

[110]  Man Lin,et al.  Hybrid DVFS Scheduling for Real-Time Systems Based on Reinforcement Learning , 2017, IEEE Systems Journal.

[111]  Shanq-Jang Ruan,et al.  Perceptually Hue-Oriented Power-Saving Scheme with Overexposure Corrector for AMOLED Displays , 2016, Journal of Display Technology.

[112]  Gokhan Memik,et al.  Using Built-In Sensors to Predict and Utilize User Satisfaction for CPU Settings on Smartphones , 2019, Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol..

[113]  Leandros Tassiulas,et al.  Control of wireless networks with rechargeable batteries [transactions papers] , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[114]  Fehmi Ben Abdesslem,et al.  Less is more: energy-efficient mobile sensing with senseless , 2009, MobiHeld '09.

[115]  Shih-Lun Chen,et al.  A Novel Adaptive Local Dimming Backlight Control Chip Design Based on Gaussian Distribution for Liquid Crystal Displays , 2016, Journal of Display Technology.

[116]  Muhammad Sharif,et al.  Energy Consumption in Mobile Phones , 2017 .

[117]  Denis Foley,et al.  A Low-Power Integrated x86–64 and Graphics Processor for Mobile Computing Devices , 2012, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[118]  Tei-Wei Kuo,et al.  ShiftMask: Dynamic OLED power shifting based on visual acuity for interactive mobile applications , 2017, 2017 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED).

[119]  Geoffrey J. Gordon,et al.  A Reduction of Imitation Learning and Structured Prediction to No-Regret Online Learning , 2010, AISTATS.

[120]  Yiran Chen,et al.  MORPh: Mobile OLED-friendly recording and playback system for low power video streaming , 2016, 2016 53nd ACM/EDAC/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC).

[121]  Radu Marculescu,et al.  Energy- and Performance-Aware Incremental Mapping for Networks on Chip With Multiple Voltage Levels , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems.

[122]  Feng Zhao,et al.  Energy-accuracy trade-off for continuous mobile device location , 2010, MobiSys '10.

[123]  Oguz Ergin,et al.  User-specific skin temperature-aware DVFS for smartphones , 2015, 2015 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE).

[124]  Ranveer Chandra,et al.  WearDrive: Fast and Energy-Efficient Storage for Wearables , 2015, USENIX Annual Technical Conference.